[ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2154", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2154, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 107 Gothem Västerbjärs", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/e5dafddc6893e5d1bee01a9409aeb5b1454e6cba.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/e5dafddc6893e5d1bee01a9409aeb5b1454e6cba.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e5dafddc6893e5d1bee01a9409aeb5b1454e6cba.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:10+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-08-26T08:29:10+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3860", "o:id": 3860 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3860", "o:id": 3860 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 107 Gothem Västerbjärs" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0107" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "On the property of the farm ʻVästerbjärs gårdʼ in Gothem parish. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Private Property" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gothem" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gothem Västerbjärs" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Fornsalen" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Bildstenshallen" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "There is no information available about the find circumstances. The stone was discovered somewhere on the property of the farm ʻVästerbjärs gårdʼ in Gothem parish and delivered to Gotlands Museum in 1915. " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The picture stone is completely preserved, including its massive, foot-like root. “Limestone slab, in the middle 8 cm thick, at the narrow sides 4 cm. Both broad sides are hewn and smoothed, albeit a bit uneven, and now badly weathered, as are the narrow sides. Whether narrow chamfers existed cannot be determined anymore with any certainty. Total length of the stone 95 cm, of which the height above the root is 69 cm; width between the upper corners 46.5 cm, in the middle of the body 32 cm, at the base 35 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 49). " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "94" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "69" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "8" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 49) describes the remaining carvings in accordance with Olof Sörling’s drawing from 1918 (ibid. fig. 359–360; cf. ATA Run- och bildstenssamling): “The decoration is executed in shallow lines, about half a centimetre wide. On one face, the field surrounded by the border, which includes (at least towards the bottom) a simplified ʻtwisted cordʼ pattern between double framing lines, is divided into two panels by an identically decorated horizontal bar slightly above half of the body’s height. In the upper panel, a watercraft can be seen, with steep, towering stems. The other face bore decoration as well, but little can be seen of it, apart from the framing lines of the border, which covered a larger proportion of the face’s surface than on the other side.” The geometricized twisted cord pattern appears raised, almost like bas-relief. Lindqvist only reproduces Sörling’s drawing of the stone. The current painting of the picture stone in the exhibition in Gotlands Museum, however, shows a stylized sail rising from the ship that corresponds to the one depicted on GP 24 Ardre Petsarve II. Early photos of the unpainted stone are kept in ATA (457:24; 457:65–66). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2071", "value_resource_id": 2071, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2071", "display_title": "GP 24 Ardre Petsarve II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/046365db9c280a8f61fb8951889ce4c976337bba.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0024.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Middle type picture stone, i.e., Type B according to Lindqvist, dating to between AD 500 and 700. The stone belongs to those Type B stones described by Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 38–39) as ʻdwarf stonesʼ with convex head and corners protruding horizontally. Lindqvist assigns Gothem Västerbjärs to his Stenstugruppe (1941/42 I, pp. 37–38), which is characterized by the shape as well as depictions of aquatic birds in the lower and a simple vessel (i.e., ships of the Rikvidetyp – ibid. I, p. 66) in the upper field of the stone. However, Lindqvist does not exclusively assign stones with bird depictions to this group. These monuments are frequently decorated on both sides. Lindqvist considers them to have been placed pairwise on graves. Suitable parallels to the Västerbjärs stone regarding shape and decoration are GP 96 Garda Smiss I and GP 24 Ardre Petsarve II. \n\nAccording to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012, p. 159) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type dwarf3, dating to the Middle Vendel Period. Based on the reconstruction of the ship’s sail (see VI), Varenius (1992, appendix 2) assigns the ship depiction on to his group 2 (enkel rigg), which he dates to the period between the 7th and the 9th century. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2143", "value_resource_id": 2143, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2143", "display_title": "GP 96 Garda Smiss I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/9fc3378f5668f1b59f2a0b1a8ce936c678bb642e.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0096.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2071", "value_resource_id": 2071, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2071", "display_title": "GP 24 Ardre Petsarve II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/046365db9c280a8f61fb8951889ce4c976337bba.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0024.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "B (ca. 500-700)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 49–50, fig. 359–356; Varenius 1992, p. 63 fig. 17; Guber 2011, p. 120 cat. no. 21. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gothem, Västerbjärs" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC2925" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4639", "value_resource_id": 4639, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4639", "display_title": "3D model for GP0107", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0107_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "76" } ], "ai2:limestoneType": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 325, "property_label": "Limestone Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "crinoid limestone" } ], "ai2:geologicalGroup": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 326, "property_label": "Geological Group", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinteberg Formation (30%)" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades vid okänt tillfälle på marker tillhörande gården Västerbjärs, och överlämnades till Gotlands museum 1915. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands Museum, bildstenshallen. \n\nBeskrivning \nHelt bevarad liten bildsten (period B), 95 cm hög och som bredast 69 cm. Bildstenen har kantdekorer på båda sidorna, men bara på den ena sidan finns ett fartyg med segel på det övre av två bildfält. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, tillhör perioden 500-600-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waterfowl" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6393355" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "696536" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2071", "o:title": "GP 24 Ardre Petsarve II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2620", "o:title": "GP 577 Anga Änggårda" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4639", "o:title": "3D model for GP0107" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2156", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2156, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 109 Gothem kyrka II", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/9cb91e11d52b605280cdfc2077df53dfe5ebea6c.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/9cb91e11d52b605280cdfc2077df53dfe5ebea6c.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/9cb91e11d52b605280cdfc2077df53dfe5ebea6c.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:10+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-22T08:53:32+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3862", "o:id": 3862 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3862", "o:id": 3862 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 109 Gothem kyrka II" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0109" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/7a69b6ce-cd69-4e88-b69e-e0fe4f047493", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gothem church" } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gothem" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gothem kyrka" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Återfunnen som golvsten i en nisch på östra sidan av muröppningen mellan kor och sakristia." } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gothem" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "In the church, incorporated into a niche." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" }, { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "In-Loco" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gothem kyrka" } ], "ai2:presentLocationNote": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 294, "property_label": "Context Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "I som golvsten mellan kor och sakristia." } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Fragment, installed as bottom slab in a niche on the east side of the wall opening between choir and sacristy. The obverse is facing upwards and is partially hidden by the masonry. The hewn, whitewashed stone forming the lintel of the same niche possibly is another piece of the same picture stone. The stone was first observed by E. Lundmark” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 48). According to the 1977 inventory, a glass case was placed over the stone. In “Sveriges Kyrkor” (Roosval 1947, p. 101) it is said that faint remains of carvings are discernible on the plastered lintel stone as well; however, they have not been checked yet. More picture stones have been found in the ceiling of the stairway in the northern wall of the choir (GP 108 Gothem kyrka I [A]), in the floor of the sacristy (GP 110 Gothem kyrka III), and in the floor of the choir, just in front of the altar (GP 111 Gothem kyrka 4). \n\nThe choir and the sacristy are the oldest parts of the current building, erected in the early 13th century (Lagerlöf/Svahnström 1991, pp. 146–147; cf. Andrén 2011, pp. 184–186). They replaced an earlier Romanesque choir from the 12th century, parts of which have been found under the floor during a restoration in 1949/50 (Lagerlöf 1964). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2155", "value_resource_id": 2155, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2155", "display_title": "GP 108 Gothem kyrka I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/45333e2f280380cafe968c28720045747b6ef81a.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0108.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2157", "value_resource_id": 2157, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2157", "display_title": "GP0110", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e54dae2855d87c57f67fb4d382e3dcaf6d45ac21.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0110.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2158", "value_resource_id": 2158, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2158", "display_title": "GP0111", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4b7ec6b89a9c25ebf69b3765d21cd47ae99bfa2e.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0111.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The limestone slab is 11 cm thick, its visible part measures about 60 x 70 cm. The obverse is relatively even but slightly pitted. The decoration is well preserved, executed in “finely carved lines and slightly chiseled grooves in the rhombic pattern of the sail” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 48). " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "70" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "60" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "11" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "The only available documentation of the carvings so far was a drawing by Olof Sörling from about 1910 (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, fig. 357). “The imagery includes a sail with rhombic pattern on a mast that has stays on both sides, indistinct remains of sheet ropes and probably of one crewmember as well as inner parts of the left border” (ibid. p. 48). \n\nThe outlines of the rhombi are chiseled into the stone. The intersections of these grooves are marked with tiny, raised rhombi. This elaborate design can also be seen on, for instance, GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I; GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII; GP 162 Halla Broa IV. Two ropes are running obliquely across the sail, towards the upper part of the mast (stays). Another two sheets are running from both sides of the mast to the lower framing of the sail (middle sheet, cf. GP 90 Fröjel kyrka, GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I and others). Further sheets are discernable below the sail, probably held by a crewman who is not preserved. Only remains of one crew member could be detected in the lower left corner. The inner frame of the left border is preserved as well. Above the sail, there might have been a horizontal divider. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2208", "value_resource_id": 2208, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2208", "display_title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a1bbec5d51ba0e734796179599db95712073b49d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0162.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2137", "value_resource_id": 2137, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2137", "display_title": "GP 90 Fröjel kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ed9c5be9e4a9ae3330c1100cdc6dde2ee2a6a805.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0090.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Even though a mushroom-shape of the monument is not preserved, its carving technique and image motif clearly indicate a late-type picture stone, which means ʻAbschnittʼ C–E. Those monuments can be roughly dated to the period between the 8th century and around AD 1100. Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 44) assigns the stone from Gothem to ʻAbschnittʼ C, which he dates to around AD 700. Recent research, however, tends to date the Type C/D picture stones to between the 8th century (or rather around AD 800) and AD 1000. According to Varenius’ ship typology (1992, pp. 69–74 and appendix 2), the rigging of the ship depiction on the Gothem stone belongs to his group III (segelskepp med skot i hanfot), which he dates to the 9th or 10th centuries. " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" }, { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "E (ca. 1000-1150)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 48, fig. 357; Roosval 1947, p. 101. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1977:8941" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gothem 189:4" } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gothem, Kirche II" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4641", "value_resource_id": 4641, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4641", "display_title": "3D model for GP0109", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0109_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "72" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen avbildad första gången omkring 1910. Placerad i en nisch i den norra muren av koret i Gothems kyrka \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nSamma plats som när bildstenen avbildades första gången. \n\nBeskrivning \nTillhugget fragment av en svampformig bildsten (typ C-D), 70 x 60 cm. Delar av ett segel, en mast, en rigg och en besättningsman synliga. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men bildstenen tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "polygon" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6387595" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "723311" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6387595" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "723311" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2155", "o:title": "GP 108 Gothem kyrka I" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2195", "o:title": "GP 149 Halla Broa IX" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4641", "o:title": "3D model for GP0109" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/121", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 121, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2156", "o:id": 2156 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.57547208222266, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.73497711416826, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2060", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2060, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 13 Alva Bopparve", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/439d99f8d032815c4af7697787a842ee4043ac57.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/439d99f8d032815c4af7697787a842ee4043ac57.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/439d99f8d032815c4af7697787a842ee4043ac57.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:07+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-08-25T11:37:28+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3863", "o:id": 3863 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3863", "o:id": 3863 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 13 Alva Bopparve" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0013" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "On a property called ʻBopparveʼ in Alva parish, owned by Alva prästgården." } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Private Property" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Alva" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Alva Bopparve" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "\"Funnen ca 10 m öster om skiftesväg mellan St kruse och Änge i Alva på skiftet Bopparve\" (Lindqvist 1962:17)" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Fornsalen" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Bildstenshallen" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "According to Lindqvistʼs brief report (1962, p. 17), the stone was discovered by the farmer Tryggve Stumle from Alva around 10 m east of a farm road between St. Kruse and Änge in Alva parish, on a property called ʻBopparveʼ, and donated to Gotlands Museum in 1958. ʻBopparveʼ is a field name, not a name of a farmstead. The land is owned by Alva prästgården. " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "Remarkably, the picture stone is made of sandstone, which is of poor quality (Lindqvist 1962, p. 17). The thickness of the slab is 6–8 cm at the bottom and about 4 cm at the top. The width of the monument is 47 cm both between the corners of the head and at the stone’s base. Its height is 59 cm between the lower edge of the image field and the top of the stone, and 74 cm including the preserved left-hand corner of the root. Most of the root as well as a very small part of lower right-hand corner of the image field are broken off. The obverse has many natural pits and grime, and shows traces of weathering (ibid.). However, most of the bas-relief carvings are still discernible. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "74" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "47" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "4-8" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Sandstone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "The carvings have been traced with paint and described by Lindqvist (1962, p. 17–19). Remains of the border decoration, which is 6–8 cm wide, are partly discernable, however, Lindqvist did not dare to reconstruct it. The image field depicts a sailing ship with towering stems and a slightly curved keel line. The ship’s hull is filling the lower half of the stone, while the sail is placed in the head field of the stone. The rectangular, framed sail features a rhombic pattern with carved and raised fields alternating. Three crewmen with round shields are placed on board of the vessel. The man right of the mast lacks clear contours, but the profiles of the other two men, left of the mast, with long hair and profiled faces, are quite clear. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1962, p. 17) regards the dwarf stone as an ʻAbschnitt Cʼ monument, dating it to around AD 700. In Jan Peder Lamm’s list, however, it is labelled as Middle Type (Type B) picture stone, which suggests a date of AD 500 to 700 (which is adopted by Guber 2011, pp. 50, 110), while in the text of the same book written by Erik Nylén, it is dated to AD 700 to 800 (Lamm/Nylén 2003, pp. 137, 180). Varenius (1992, p. 63, appendix 2) assigns the ship depiction on the Bopparve stone to his group 2 (enkel rigg), which he dates to the period between the 7th and the 9th century. According to Imer (2004, pp. 97–98, 104), the stone must be dated earlier than other Type C/D stones, presumably to the early 8th century. \n\nOehrl regards the stone (as well as GP 79 Etelhem Järnvägslinje) as a late Type B stone, perhaps representing a transitional form between the groups of middle and late type picture stones, presumably dated to the 8th century or even later (2019a, pp. 11, 18, 227). However, the only features in common with Type B are the small size of the stone and the lack of separation of the image field. There is hardly any reason to categorize mushroom-shaped stones as other than Type C/D stones, as they feature typical Late Type imagery and can thus be dated to the 8th to 10th centuries. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2126", "value_resource_id": 2126, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2126", "display_title": "GP 79 Etelhem Järnvägslinje", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cff8ebe912d643ca77adda7c1338ff11fd59ff15.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0079.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "B (ca. 500-700)" }, { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1962, pp. 17–19, fig. 9; Lamm/Nylén 2003, p. 136–137; Imer 2004, pp. 97–98, 104, fig. 3; Guber 2011, pp. 50, 110 cat. no. 1; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 11, 18, 227–228, 231, pls. 2i, 275b. " } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC10126" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4547", "value_resource_id": 4547, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4547", "display_title": "3D model for GP0013", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0013_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "9" } ], "ai2:limestoneType": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 325, "property_label": "Limestone Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "crinoid limestone" } ], "ai2:geologicalGroup": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 326, "property_label": "Geological Group", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hemse Group (40%)" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades på ägan Bopparve, som tillhör Alva prästgård. Stenen donerades till Gotlands museum 1958 av upphittaren. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nUtställd i Bildstenshallen på Gotlands museum. \n\nBeskrivning \nEn dvärgsten av sandsten (sen period B), 59 cm hög och största bredd 47 cm. Stenen är väderbiten, men ett skepp med segel och tre besättningsmän med runda sköldar kan urskiljas, liksom spår av kantdekor. \n\nStor svampformig bildsten (period CD), 3,25 m hög och största bredd 1,75 m. På nedre delen av bildstenen vågor, ett stort skepp med segel, en stående besättning med sköldar och spjut stående i aktern. Under styråran en symbol med tre trianglar. \n\nInskrift \nIngen inskrift \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, tillhör övergångsperioden B-C/D, troligen från 700-talet, kanske senare. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "shield" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "long hair" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6393355" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "696536" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2059", "o:title": "GP 12 Alva Gudings" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2126", "o:title": "GP 79 Etelhem Järnvägslinje" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2203", "o:title": "GP 157 Halla Broa XII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2212", "o:title": "GP 166 Halla Broa XVIII" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4547", "o:title": "3D model for GP0013" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2188", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2188, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 142 Halla Broa VII", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/36dee40d0be3bf69d7d02ddeae65e03af68ad958.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/36dee40d0be3bf69d7d02ddeae65e03af68ad958.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/36dee40d0be3bf69d7d02ddeae65e03af68ad958.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:11+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-08-26T08:35:25+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4193", "o:id": 4193 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4193", "o:id": 4193 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 142 Halla Broa VII" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0142" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The Broa (today Broe) cemetery in Högbro, Halla parish, discovered in an area called ʻBrandenʼ. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla Broe" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Funnen tilsammans med Broa VIII & IX samt inventarienummer GF 1679-1702 & 1704-1710. Funnen på \"Branden\" vid nybyggnation" } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "Yes?" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Fornsalen" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Bildstenshallen" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist published 20 picture stones under the name of the farmstead Broa (today Broe), all of which appear to originate from the unusually large Iron Age grave field, which is situated in the south-western part of Halla parish, close to the border to Roma parish, and which had been well known through the ages, first mentioned by Strelow in 1633. The farm belongs to the community of Högbro. Since time immemorial, two important country roads, the road Halla-Viklau and the road Roma-Sjonhem (ʻVisbyvägenʼ) intersect here, where a rise consisting of gravel (the ʻhigh bridgeʼ = Högbro) clearly emerges out of the terrain, leading across the great bog system Romamyr-Stormyr. Both roads in turn are intersected by the railway line Roma-Etelhem. The railway intersects both roads a few hundred metres to the west and southwest of the crossing, respectively. During the 19th century, the Högbro elevation was severely diminished and large parts of the Broa cemetery were destroyed by clearing and cultivation, gravel mining, house building, and railway and road construction, as well as deliberate grave robbing. Many finds from Broa were sold on the antiquities market during this time, with many acquired by ATA. Unfortunately, the large and highly important cemetery of Högbro-Broa is still not published adequately; its present documentation is incomplete and confusing. The best overview about the history and state of research is given by Lena Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, pp. 621–623; IV:1, pp. 324–347). \n\nThe first professional and large-scale excavation took place in 1899, conducted by Hans Hansson, who unearthed 14 graves in a small area next to the intersection, just south of the road Roma-Sjonhem and east of the road to Viklau. One further large-scale excavation was carried out in 1981–82 by Ann-Marie Pettersson, who investigated 120 graves (9 inhumation, 102 cremation, 9 without bones) in a small area (circa 700 m2) about 50 m north of the road Roma–Sjonhem and about 40 m east of the road to Halla (Broe 1:71; see the report compiled by Daniel Langhammer from 2012, RAGU dnr 13/82, 789/84). Apart from that, several minor and poorly documented investigations took place in the beginning of the 20th century and, in particular, during the 1930s and the early 1940s. \n\nTwo larger areas are registered by ATA, a burial ground north of the road Roma-Sjonhem (ATA Halla 46:1) and a burial ground south of the road (ATA Halla 48:1). The first one (46:1) covers an area of circa 120 x 110 m (E–W) and contains 66 circular stone settings and 120 investigated flat graves. The other one (48:1) is about 300 x 120 m (N-S) and features 202 circular stone settings. Several other registered monuments, about 15 stone settings, 2 stone kists and 1 gravklot (large spherical stone) seem to belong to the Broa grave field as well (ATA Halla 1:1, 1:2, 74:1, 78:1, 79:1; Roma 31:1, 31:2, 32:1). Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, p. 622) estimates the number of investigated graves alone at about 300 to 400. The actual size and extent of the cemetery, however, remains uncertain. \n\nThe oldest investigated burials can be dated to the Roman Iron Age although some unexcavated stone settings are typical for the Pre-Roman Iron Age. Most of the graves, however, date to the Migration, Vendel and Viking Periods. First and foremost, the grave field is well-known and frequently cited for some particularly important finds such as the decorated horse harness from the equestrian burial discovered in 1899, after which the Broa Style is named (Salin 1922; Thunmark-Nylén 1992; 1995–2006 IV:1, pp. 325–326), the lyre bridge of amber from the same grave (Reimers 1980), and many remarkable finds of glass vessels from all periods (Nylén 1969). Furthermore, there are several elite warriors’ graves containing fragments of ring-swords as well as a Vendel helmet (Nerman 1969–1975 I:1, p. 29; II, fig. 601). \n\nRegarding the picture stones, the exact location of the find spots is difficult to determine in most cases, and their contexts and relation to the known parts of the cemetery remain unclear. Most of them originate from the railway line and the area west of it (called ʻBrandenʼ), and the rest from the area east of the road to Halla, between the road and the border to Roma (ʻKlosterängenʼ). Lindqvist (1941/42 II, fig. 378) provides a map, which was primarily composed at the National Heritage Board (RAÄ) based on the information kept in ATA. It identifies the location of the find places of the stones as carefully as they could be determined at the time of Lindqvist. \n\n“Found by the butcher Petterson during construction of his new house on the so-called ʻBrandenʼ, together with [Halla Broa] VIII and IX as well as 24 limestone balls [gravklot] (GF 1679–1702) and several other antiquities (GF 1704–1710)” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 62). The find spot is situated, according to the map provided by Lindqvist (1941/42 I, fig. 378), west of the road to Viklau, south of the railway line, in an area belonging to the farmstead Möllbos gård (not Broa/Broe). Information about the find year is not available. " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, 4 to 6 cm thick above the root, which is up to 9 cm thick. Both broad sides are hewn, partially convex; the root is considerably rougher and less worked than indicated by the drawing. The narrow sides are hewn at right angles towards the broad sides, with chamfers of about 1 cm width in between. Height 77 cm, 54 cm of which above the base. Width 44 cm between the upper corners, 29 cm at the base” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 62–63). The stone is completely preserved, including the massive, pedestal-like root, which is a typical feature of Lindqvist’s Abschnitt B. The carved obverse and reverse are in good condition, there are only minor cracks and scratches on both sides. The decoration is clearly visible. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "80" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "45" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "“The decoration is executed on both faces in deep and clear lines. The field is surrounded by a border with a simplified twisted cord pattern [which looks like a simple step pattern] and divided into two panels by a horizontal border. The lower panel contains a waterfowl, the upper one a vessel with steep, towering stems; basically, the imagery on both faces is identical. Only on one face, the ship appears to have had a mast (and a sail?)” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 63). The water bird has a massive body, a pointed tail, a long erect neck with a tiny head and a pair of short human-like legs and feet. Most probably, the figure represents a goose or perhaps a swan. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "There are at least ten Type B picture stones with images of single aquatic birds or facing pairs of waterfowl known so far (see IX). More information about the possible origin of this motif in Christian iconography and its interpretation in a pre-Christian Scandinavian context, in particular, regarding eschatological beliefs and ideas of the afterlife journey, see GP 276 När Rikvide I. Regarding Christian influence on the imagery of ʻAbschnittʼ B see also GP 551 Väskinde Butter and GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2322", "value_resource_id": 2322, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2322", "display_title": "GP 276 När Rikvide (I)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1b5b3c485c44b0e4adee3bf9827f4d66c0d35674.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0276.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2595", "value_resource_id": 2595, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2595", "display_title": "GP 551 Väskinde Butter", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/57e158245e1d986790d9dc9f6dde9ca09c6e4e1d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0551.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2320", "value_resource_id": 2320, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2320", "display_title": "GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e0add5767c325a39f10c38fe512d6ea8d2f234b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0274.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Middle-type picture stone, i.e., Type B according to Lindqvist, dating to between AD 500 and 700. The stone belongs to those Type B stones described by Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 38–39) as dwarf stones with almost semi-circular head and slightly downward-pointing corner edges. According to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012, p. 159) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type dwarf3, belonging to his period 3, which he dates to the Middle Vendel Period. \n\nHalla Broa VII is a typical representative of Lindqvist’s so-called Stenstugruppe (1941/42 I, pp. 37–38), which is characterized by a border decoration consisting of a simple step pattern (simplified twisted cord) as well as depictions of aquatic birds in the lower and a simple vessel (i.e., ships of the Rikvidetyp – ibid. I, p. 66) in the upper field of the stone. These monuments are frequently decorated on both sides. Lindqvist considers them to have been placed pairwise on graves. However, Lindqvist does not only assign stones with bird depictions to the Stenstugruppe. GP 143 Halla Broa I, for instance, belonging to this group as well, is a good parallel to Halla Broa VII regarding the outline, the border pattern and the vessel, however, with a deer- or horse-like quadruped instead of a bird. GP 24 Ardre Petsarve II and GP 160 Halla Broa X, to name two more examples, do not feature any depiction on the lower field at all, yet they are counted among the Stenstugruppe. \n\nThe currently known Type B monuments featuring single or pairs of aquatic birds are the following: GP 142 Halla Broa VII, GP 165 Halla Broa XVII, GP 129 Hablingbo Stenstu, GP 276 När Rikvide I, GP 277 När Rikvide 2, GP 10 Alva St. Ringome, GP 96 Garda Smiss I, GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes, GP 200 Hemse Lindvide, and the Type B dwarf stone found in Grobin, Latvia (Petrenko 1991; Lamm 1991; Lamm/Nylén 2003, pp. 210–211). Garda Smiss I is the best match to Halla Broa VII, featuring a very similar design. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2189", "value_resource_id": 2189, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2189", "display_title": "GP 143 Halla Broa I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1b8f8b764541b077e9d0c46f0f59d21fa731d786.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0143.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2071", "value_resource_id": 2071, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2071", "display_title": "GP 24 Ardre Petsarve II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/046365db9c280a8f61fb8951889ce4c976337bba.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0024.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2206", "value_resource_id": 2206, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2206", "display_title": "GP 160 Halla Broa II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7cb06f8f4cc38342dc9d0924e2829c3645a86732.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0160.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2211", "value_resource_id": 2211, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2211", "display_title": "GP 165 Halla Broa XVII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/6cfb6a1cb1b3bf057cb5b3b11772938897010fa4.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0165.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2175", "value_resource_id": 2175, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2175", "display_title": "GP 129 Hablingbo Stenstu", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7bc24655edcb7c1e6d00e73d8f868acb2c0314d2.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0129.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2322", "value_resource_id": 2322, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2322", "display_title": "GP 276 När Rikvide (I)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1b5b3c485c44b0e4adee3bf9827f4d66c0d35674.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0276.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2323", "value_resource_id": 2323, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2323", "display_title": "GP 277 När Rikvide 2", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e7d811ccb7e8a8044763bfc789347029863ff646.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0277.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2057", "value_resource_id": 2057, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2057", "display_title": "GP 10 Alva St. Ringome", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/728633d0bd843878836a149ce6061363699dc9fa.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GF_Alva_foto_kyrka_prästgård_allmänt_gårdar_A-Ö_Ringome.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2143", "value_resource_id": 2143, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2143", "display_title": "GP 96 Garda Smiss I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/9fc3378f5668f1b59f2a0b1a8ce936c678bb642e.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0096.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2320", "value_resource_id": 2320, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2320", "display_title": "GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e0add5767c325a39f10c38fe512d6ea8d2f234b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0274.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2246", "value_resource_id": 2246, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2246", "display_title": "GP 200 Hemse Lindvide" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "B (ca. 500-700)" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvistNote": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 304, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type Note", "is_public": true, "@value": "B, dubbelsidig." } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 37, 66, 116, figs. 59–60; II, pp. 62–63, figs. 388–389; Böhner 1968, pp. 188–189; Lamm/Nylén 2003, p. 43; Guber 2011, pp. 53, 125 cat. no. 31; Oehrl 2019a, p. 168 " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla, Broa VII" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC1676" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4674", "value_resource_id": 4674, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4674", "display_title": "3D model for GP0142", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0142_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "107" } ], "ai2:limestoneType": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 325, "property_label": "Limestone Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "crinoid limestone" } ], "ai2:geologicalGroup": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 326, "property_label": "Geological Group", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinteberg Formation (30%)" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades vid ett husbygge på ett område som tillhörde gården Möllbos, nära järnåldersgravfältet vid Broa i Halla socken. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museums magasin, Visborgsslätt. \n\nBeskrivning \nDvärgsten (typ B), 77 x 44 cm, dekorerad på båda sidor i två fält. I det övre fältet på båda sidor ett skepp, på den ena sidan även med mast. I det nedre fältet på båda sidor en sjöfågel (gås eller svan?). \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men bildstenen tillhör perioden 500-700. \n\nTolkning \nIngen entydig tolkning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waterfowl" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "tail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "head" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "legs" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "feet" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "goose" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "swan" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6393355" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "696536" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2115", "o:title": "GP 68 Dalhem Hallfoser" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2057", "o:title": "GP 10 Alva St. Ringome" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2113", "o:title": "GP 66 Barlingbo Stava" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2143", "o:title": "GP 96 Garda Smiss I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2175", "o:title": "GP 129 Hablingbo Stenstu" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2189", "o:title": "GP 143 Halla Broa I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2211", "o:title": "GP 165 Halla Broa XVII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2246", "o:title": "GP 200 Hemse Lindvide" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2323", "o:title": "GP 277 När Rikvide 2" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2337", "o:title": "GP 291 Unknown Find Spot" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2319", "o:title": "GP 273 Norrlanda Bjärs" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2374", "o:title": "GP 329 Roma klosterruin" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2192", "o:title": "GP 146 Halla Broa VIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2195", "o:title": "GP 149 Halla Broa IX" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2213", "o:title": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2320", "o:title": "GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2322", "o:title": "GP 276 När Rikvide (I)" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2595", "o:title": "GP 551 Väskinde Butter" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2067", "o:title": "GP 20 Ardre kyrka VII" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4674", "o:title": "3D model for GP0142" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2193", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2193, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 147 Halla Broa X", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/53cfc4d8698777ec3d91c1549a1521117e1fc216.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/53cfc4d8698777ec3d91c1549a1521117e1fc216.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/53cfc4d8698777ec3d91c1549a1521117e1fc216.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:11+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-08-26T08:37:41+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4198", "o:id": 4198 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4198", "o:id": 4198 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 147 Halla Broa X" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0147" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The Broa (today Broe) cemetery in Högbro, Halla parish, discovered in an area called ʻBrandenʼ. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla Broa" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Funnen på tomten hos Otto Engström i Banden. Tätt under markytan" } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist published 20 picture stones under the name of the farmstead Broa (today Broe), all of which appear to originate from the unusually large Iron Age grave field, which is situated in the south-western part of Halla parish, close to the border to Roma parish, and which had been well known through the ages, first mentioned by Strelow in 1633. The farm belongs to the community of Högbro. Since time immemorial, two important country roads, the road Halla–Viklau and the road Roma-Sjonhem (ʻVisbyvägenʼ) intersect here, where a rise consisting of gravel (the ʻhigh bridgeʼ = Högbro) clearly emerges out of the terrain, leading across the great mire system Romamyr-Stormyr. Both roads in turn are intersected by the railway line Roma-Etelhem. The railway intersects both roads a few hundred metres to the west and southwest of the crossing, respectively. During the 19th century, the Högbro elevation was severely diminished and large parts of the Broa necropolis were destroyed by clearing and cultivation, gravel mining, house building, railway and road construction, as well as deliberate grave robbing. Many finds from Broa were sold on the antiquities market during this time, with many acquired by ATA. Unfortunately, the large and highly important cemetery of Högbro-Broa is still not published adequately; its present documentation is incomplete and confusing. The best overview about the history and state of research is given by Lena Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, pp. 621–623; IV:1, pp. 324–347). \n\nThe first professional and large-scale excavation took place in 1899, conducted by Hans Hansson, who unearthed 14 graves in a small area right next to the intersection, just south of the road Roma-Sjonhem and east of the road to Viklau. One further large-scale excavation was carried out in 1981–82 by Ann-Marie Pettersson, who investigated 120 graves (9 inhumation, 102 cremation, 9 without bones) in a small area (circa 700 m2) about 50 m north of the road Roma-Sjonhem and about 40 m east of the road to Halla (Broe 1:71; see the report compiled by Daniel Langhammer from 2012, RAGU dnr 13/82, 789/84). Apart from that, several minor and poorly documented investigations took place, in the beginning of the 20th century and, in particular, during the 1930s and the early 1940s. \n\nTwo larger areas are registered by ATA, a burial ground north of the road Roma-Sjonhem (ATA Halla 46:1) and a burial ground south of the road (ATA Halla 48:1). The first one (46:1) covers an area of circa 120 x 110 m (E–W) and contains 66 circular stone settings and 120 investigated flat graves. The other one (48:1) is about 300 x 120 m (N–S) and features 202 circular stone settings. Several other registered monuments, about 15 stone settings, 2 stone kists and 1 gravklot (large spherical stone) seem to belong to the Broa grave field as well (ATA Halla 1:1, 1:2, 74:1, 78:1, 79:1; Roma 31:1, 31:2, 32:1). Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, p. 622) estimates the number of investigated graves alone at about 300 to 400. The actual size and extent of the necropolis, however, remains still uncertain. \n\nThe oldest investigated burials can be dated to the Roman Iron Age although some unexcavated stone settings are typical for the Pre-Roman Iron Age. Most of the graves, however, date to the Migration, Vendel and Viking Periods. First and foremost, the grave field is well-known and frequently cited for some particularly important finds such as the decorated horse harness from the equestrian burial discovered in 1899, after which the Broa Style is named (Salin 1922; Thunmark-Nylén 1992; 1995–2006 IV:1, pp. 325–326), the lyre bridge of amber from the same grave (Reimers 1980), and many remarkable finds of glass vessels from all periods (Nylén 1969). Furthermore, there are several elite warriorsʼs graves containing fragments of ring-swords as well as a Vendel helmet (Nerman 1969/75 I:1, p. 29; II, fig. 601). \n\nRegarding the picture stones, the exact location of the find spots is difficult to determine in most cases, and their contexts and relation to the known parts of the cemetery remain unclear. Most of them originate from the railway line and the area west of it (called ʻBrandenʼ) and the rest from the area east of the road to Halla, between the road and the border to Roma (ʻKlosterängenʼ). Lindqvist (1941/42 II, fig. 378) provides a map, which was primarily composed at the National Heritage Board (RAÄ) based on the information kept in ATA. It identifies the location of the find places of the stones as carefully as they could be determined at Lindqvist’s time. \n\n“Found on the property of Otto Engström in ʻBrandenʼ, close under the ground surface. Brought to GF in 1913” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 63). The find spot is situated, according to the map provided by Lindqvist (1941/42 I, fig. 378), just west of the intersection between the road to Viklau and the railway line, north of the border to Möllbos gård." } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, 3.5–6.5 cm thick. The obverse, which today looks severely battered, appears to have been naturally even, the narrow sides are hewn at right angles towards the obverse; a chamfer in between hardly ever existed. The reverse is rough and unworked. The total height of the stone is 47 cm, 28 cm of which are above the root. Width of the head 27 cm, that of the neck 24 cm, of the base 26 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 64). The stone is completely preserved. The root tapers downwards; perhaps parts of it are broken off. Since the surface is much abraded, probably due to weathering, and since the carved lines are very shallow, most of the decoration is quite hard to discern. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "47" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "27" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "6" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "The small monument is decorated with very shallow, 2 to 3-mm-wide lines. According to Lindqvist’s description and photo of the painted stone (1941/42 I, p. 64, fig. 54), large parts of the framing border with a typical simplified twisted cord pattern, which looks like a simple step pattern, are discernible on the stone’s left and bottom sides. Furthermore, on the stone’s body, halfway up, there is a horizontal border with a herringbone pattern. In the upper field, a simple ship image with towering stems, a mast and a small rectangular sail can be seen. \n\nAn unpublished drawing by Olof Sörling from 1914 shows fewer remains of carvings, only a few insignificant parts of the border decoration and the vessel (ATA Run- och bildstenssamling). A photo of the painted stone taken by H. Faith-Ell in 1933 (ATA 1751:23), does not reveal many more details; only Lindqvist’s final paint version, documented by a photo taken by A. Edle in 1936 (ATA 2223:25), depicts all elements of the decoration described above. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Middle-type picture stone, which means a Type B ʻdwarf stoneʼ, dating to between AD 500 and 700. The monument belongs to the group of Type B stones featuring a slightly convex head with corners protruding horizontally. Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 37) assigns Halla Broa X to his Stenstugruppe. According to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012, p. 159) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type dwarf2, belonging to his period 2, which he dates to the Early Vendel Period. The simple ship depiction corresponds to a type labelled by Lindqvist as Rikvidetypus (ibid. I, p. 66). According to Vareniusʼ (1992, p. 62, fig. 24, appendix 2) typology, the ship, which features of a simple rectangular sail, belongs to group II (Skepp med enkel rigg), dating to the 7th to 9th century. A horizontal border with herringbone pattern is unusual and a special feature of this stone. Cf. The herringbone pattern on GP 10 Alva St. Ringome. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2057", "value_resource_id": 2057, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2057", "display_title": "GP 10 Alva St. Ringome", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/728633d0bd843878836a149ce6061363699dc9fa.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GF_Alva_foto_kyrka_prästgård_allmänt_gårdar_A-Ö_Ringome.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "B (ca. 500-700)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 37, 66, fig. 54; II, p. 64; Guber 2011, p. 126 cat. no. 33; Oehrl 2019a, p. 32. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla, Broa X" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC2433" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4679", "value_resource_id": 4679, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4679", "display_title": "3D model for GP0147", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0147_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "110" } ], "ai2:limestoneType": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 325, "property_label": "Limestone Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "coarse reef debris limestone" } ], "ai2:geologicalGroup": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 326, "property_label": "Geological Group", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla Formation (30%)" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades precis väster om korsningen mellan vägen till Viklau och den forna järnvägen, nära det stora järnåldersgravfältet i Broa i Halla socken. Stenen fördes till Gotlands fornsal 1913. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museums magasin, Visborgsslätt. \n\nBeskrivning \nDvärgsten (typ B), 47 x 27 cm, med kantdekorationer och rester av två bildfält. I det övre bildfältet ett skepp med mast och ett litet segel. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men bildstenen tillhör perioden 500-700. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2057", "o:title": "GP 10 Alva St. Ringome" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2113", "o:title": "GP 66 Barlingbo Stava" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2198", "o:title": "GP 152 Halla Hallegårda" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2339", "o:title": "GP 293 Unknown Find Spot" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2213", "o:title": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4679", "o:title": "3D model for GP0147" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2195", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2195, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 149 Halla Broa IX", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/dee08f2d52773427a99fc66c4cb90a4a0c103ccc.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/dee08f2d52773427a99fc66c4cb90a4a0c103ccc.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/dee08f2d52773427a99fc66c4cb90a4a0c103ccc.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:11+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-08-26T08:41:43+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4200", "o:id": 4200 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4200", "o:id": 4200 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 149 Halla Broa IX" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0149" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The Broa (today Broe) cemetery in Högbro, Halla parish, discovered in an area called ʻBrandenʼ. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla Broa" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Funnen tilsammans med Broa VII & VIII samt inventarienummer GF 1679-1702 & 1704-1710. Funnen på \"Branden\" vid nybyggnation" } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "Yes?" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist published 20 picture stones under the name of the farmstead Broa (today Broe), all of which appear to originate from the unusually large Iron Age grave field, which is situated in the south-western part of Halla parish, close to the border to Roma parish, and which had been well known through the ages, first mentioned by Strelow in 1633. The farm belongs to the community of Högbro. Since time immemorial, two important country roads, the road Halla-Viklau and the road Roma-Sjonhem (ʻVisbyvägenʼ) intersect here, where a rise consisting of gravel (the ʻhigh bridgeʼ = Högbro) clearly emerges out of the terrain, leading across the great bog system Romamyr-Stormyr. Both roads in turn are intersected by the railway line Roma-Etelhem. The railway intersects both roads a few hundred metres to the west and southwest of the crossing. During the 19th century, the Högbro elevation was severely diminished and large parts of the Broa cemetery were destroyed by clearing and cultivation, gravel mining, house building, railway and road construction, as well as deliberate grave robbing. Many finds from Broa were sold on the antiquities market during this time, with many acquired by ATA. Unfortunately, the large and highly important cemetery of Högbro-Broa is still not published adequately; its present documentation is incomplete and confusing. The best overview about the history and state of research is given by Lena Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, pp. 621–623; IV:1, pp. 324–347). \n\nThe first professional and large-scale excavation took place in 1899, conducted by Hans Hansson, who unearthed 14 graves in a small area next to the intersection, just south of the road Roma-Sjonhem and east of the road to Viklau. One further large-scale excavation was carried out in 1981–82 by Ann-Marie Pettersson, who investigated 120 graves (9 inhumation, 102 cremation, 9 without bones) in a small area (circa 700 m2) about 50 m north of the road Roma–Sjonhem and about 40 m east of the road to Halla (Broe 1:71; see the report compiled by Daniel Langhammer from 2012, RAGU dnr 13/82, 789/84). Apart from that, several minor and poorly documented investigations took place, in the beginning of the 20th century and. in particular, during the 1930s and the early 1940s. \n\nTwo large areas are registered by ATA, a burial ground north of the road Roma-Sjonhem (ATA Halla 46:1) and a burial ground south of the road (ATA Halla 48:1). The first one (46:1) covers an area of circa 120 x 110 m (E–W) and contains 66 circular stone settings and 120 investigated flat graves. The other one (48:1) is about 300 x 120 m (N–S) and features 202 circular stone settings. Several other registered monuments, about 15 stone settings, 2 stone kists and 1 gravklot (large spherical stone) seem to belong to the Broa grave field as well (ATA Halla 1:1, 1:2, 74:1, 78:1, 79:1; Roma 31:1, 31:2, 32:1). Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, p. 622) estimates the number of investigated graves alone at about 300 to 400. The actual size and extent of the cemetery, however, remains uncertain. \n\nThe oldest investigated burials can be dated to the Roman Iron Age, with some unexcavated stone settings typical of the Pre-Roman Iron Age. Most of the graves, however, date to the Migration, Vendel and Viking Periods. First and foremost, the grave field is well-known and frequently cited for some particularly important finds such as the decorated horse harness from the equestrian burial discovered in 1899, after which the Broa Style is named (Salin 1922; Thunmark-Nylén 1992; 1995–2006 IV:1, pp. 325–326), the lyre bridge of amber from the same grave (Reimers 1980), and many remarkable finds of glass vessels from all periods (Nylén 1969). Furthermore, several elite warrior graves contain fragments of ring-swords as well as a Vendel helmet (Nerman 1969–1975 I:1, p. 29; II, fig. 601). \n\nThe exact location of the find spots of the picture stones is difficult to determine in most cases, and their contexts and relation to the known parts of the cemetery remain unclear. Most of them originate from the railway line and the area west of it (called ʻBrandenʼ) and the rest from the area east of the road to Halla, between the road and the border to Roma (ʻKlosterängenʼ). Lindqvist (1941/42 II, fig. 378) provides a map, which was primarily composed at the National Heritage Board (RAÄ) based on the information kept in ATA. It identifies the location of the find places of the stones as carefully as they could be determined at Lindqvist’s time. \n\n“Found by the butcher Petterson during construction of his new house on the so-called ʻBrandenʼ, together with [Halla Broa] VII and VIII as well as 24 limestone balls [gravklot] (GF 1679–1702) and several other antiquities (GF 1704–1710)” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 62). The find spot is situated, according to the map provided by Lindqvist (1941/42 I, fig. 378), west of the road to Viklau, south of the railway line, in an area belonging to the farmstead Möllbos gård (not Broa/Broe). Information about the find year is not available. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2188", "value_resource_id": 2188, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2188", "display_title": "GP 142 Halla Broa VII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/36dee40d0be3bf69d7d02ddeae65e03af68ad958.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0142.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2192", "value_resource_id": 2192, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2192", "display_title": "GP 146 Halla Broa VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1c2d6985a0e89859db9e80115e113cfcc5fd5b63.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0146.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The limestone slab is 6 cm thick, its obverse is rather rough and uneven. The narrow sides are “[…] hewn at right angles towards the obverse and generally roughly chamfered towards the back. The reverse rough and unworked, but fairly even. Height of the stone 95 cm, 68 cm of which above the lower edge of the decoration. Width of the head 41 cm, of the neck 36 cm, of the base now 44 cm, originally possibly about 48 cm. The decoration first had been sketched out in carved lines, which only partially then were deepened with a chisel and widened to up to 2 mm width. After this, the background fields were slightly chiselled” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 63). The monument is completely preserved, only a small part of the root seems to be broken off. The surface is not much weathered; however, due to its roughness the decoration is very hard to discern. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "96" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "41" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "6" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 63, fig. 387) only published a photo of the painted stone, which he described as follows (photos of the unpainted stone from before 1933 are kept in ATA Run- och bildstenssamling 2440:20): “At the very top, a horse is depicted, probably with a horseman armed with a spear; below, there is a 10 cm high panel with unclear remains of images, among them a ship with a sail that is covered with a rhombic grid pattern made up of bands about 0.5 cm wide that – apart from the points of intersection – were chiselled all the way. The ship appears to have had rounded stems; between the railing and the sail’s straight lower edge, there probably are crewmen and sheet ropes that split running upwards. Below the ship, there either is a row of triangles or waves that possibly break to the right, as well as a narrow horizontal border with a simplified twisted cord pattern at the very bottom.” \n\nLindqvist’s painted version of the carvings does not trace the horseman himself in any detail but only an undefined field above the horse and a horizontal part of the spear behind the supposed rider. A drawing by Olof Sörling from 1918 instead depicts the horseman in much more detail, including his eye, nose, and beard (ATA Run- och bildstenssamling). However, Lindqvist’s interpretation of the ship is much more detailed, while Sörling only considered the rhombic pattern of the sail and some very rudimentary remains of the mast and rigging. In Sörling’s drawing, the waves beneath the vessel are clearly described as triangles. Lindqvist traced some remains of the interlace pattern inside the stone’s outline border, while Sörling only drew certain parts of the border’s inner frame. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Mushroom-shaped late-type ʻdwarf stoneʼ, belonging to ʻAbschnittʼ C according to Lindqvist, who dates those stones to the time around AD 700. Current research, however, tends to date them roughly to between the 8th century (or rather around AD 800) and the 10th century. Lisbeth Imer (2004, p. 104) dates Halla Boa IX to AD 750–900 (group 1C). According to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type dwarf4, which occurs in his periods 4 (Late Vendel Period), 5 (Early Viking Period), and 6 (Middle Viking Period). As the ship depiction, in particular the stems, the rigging and the crew, is hardly discernable in detail, it cannot be included into typological considerations. \n\nThe stone’s decoration has some notable features. Triangular waves are depicted on a relatively small group of Type C/D stones, for instance GP 95 Garda kyrka 7, GP 170 Halla kyrka 5, GP 212 Klinte Klintebys, GP 572 Eksta kyrka, GP 563 Väte kyrka 2, and GP 280 När Smiss I. The simplified twisted cord pattern on the horizontal border beneath the waves is particularly remarkable. The pattern is typical for Type B picture stones and occurs rarely on late type monuments. A decorated border just above the root is also quite unusual. The only parallel is GP 150 Halla Broa XVI, which is comparable to Halla Broa IX in many respects. The sail’s pattern with tiny, raised rhombs at the intersections is comparable to, for instance, the C/D stones GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I; GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII; GP 162 Halla Broa IV, GP 90 Fröjel kyrka, and GP 109 Gothem kyrka. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2142", "value_resource_id": 2142, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2142", "display_title": "GP 95 Garda kyrka 7", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/05739491a7017961eb019e8354111404b858ee7d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GF_kyrkoinventarier_Garde_del2_2003-2004_no185.pdf", "thumbnail_type": "application/pdf" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2216", "value_resource_id": 2216, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2216", "display_title": "GP 170 Halla kyrka 5", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f751f5783f8dc1a45b773019f59db2f6e2027116.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0170.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "value_resource_id": 2258, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2258", "display_title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2616", "value_resource_id": 2616, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2616", "display_title": "GP 572 Eksta kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/3a502e3c7ca47983abd611b27e2c0753b47b7754.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0572.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2607", "value_resource_id": 2607, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2607", "display_title": "GP 563 Väte kyrka 2", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c4c06c2a39c57d7799239e1d1fed91d30fc4df58.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0563.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2326", "value_resource_id": 2326, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2326", "display_title": "GP 280 När Smiss I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/2a1dc7da59386303aa351e00c9aa65be30cacc36.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0280.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2196", "value_resource_id": 2196, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2196", "display_title": "GP 150 Halla Broa XVI", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/8bb5ab1fc0ac61f6dfc7a95ab3642d6c160035c1.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0150.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2208", "value_resource_id": 2208, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2208", "display_title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a1bbec5d51ba0e734796179599db95712073b49d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0162.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2137", "value_resource_id": 2137, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2137", "display_title": "GP 90 Fröjel kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ed9c5be9e4a9ae3330c1100cdc6dde2ee2a6a805.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0090.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2156", "value_resource_id": 2156, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2156", "display_title": "GP 109 Gothem kyrka II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/9cb91e11d52b605280cdfc2077df53dfe5ebea6c.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0109.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 63, fig. 387. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla, Broa IX" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC1678" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4681", "value_resource_id": 4681, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4681", "display_title": "3D model for GP0149", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0149_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "109" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades vid ett husbygge på ett område som tillhörde gården Möllbos, nära järnåldersgravfältet vid Broa i Halla socken. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museums magasin, Visborgsslätt. \n\nBeskrivning \nEn liten svampformig bildsten (typ C-D), 95 cm hög och 44 cm bred, uppdelad i två bildfält. I det övre bildfältet en ryttare med ett spjut. I det nedre bildfältet vågor, ett skepp med segel, rigg och troligen besättningsmän. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men bildstenen tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "spear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "human figure" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2192", "o:title": "GP 146 Halla Broa VIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2213", "o:title": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2196", "o:title": "GP 150 Halla Broa XVI" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2297", "o:title": "GP 251 Lärbro Norder-Ire III" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4681", "o:title": "3D model for GP0149" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2196", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2196, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 150 Halla Broa XVI", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/8bb5ab1fc0ac61f6dfc7a95ab3642d6c160035c1.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/8bb5ab1fc0ac61f6dfc7a95ab3642d6c160035c1.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/8bb5ab1fc0ac61f6dfc7a95ab3642d6c160035c1.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:11+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-22T09:00:53+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4201", "o:id": 4201 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4201", "o:id": 4201 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 150 Halla Broa XVI" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0150" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The Broa (today Broe) cemetery in Högbro, Halla parish, next to the old railway line; the fragment was found in the stone cover of a burial mound. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla Broa" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Funnen på en nybyggd tomt till höger om järnvägsspåret, alldeles vid järnvägsbommen i trekanten. Vid röjade av gravhög." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "Yes" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM Storage" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist published 20 picture stones under the name of the farmstead Broa (today Broe), all of which appear to originate from the unusually large Iron Age grave field, which is situated in the south-western part of Halla parish, close to the border to Roma parish, and which had been well known through the ages, first mentioned by Strelow in 1633. The farm belongs to the community of Högbro. Since time immemorial, two important country roads, the road Halla–Viklau and the road Roma-Sjonhem (ʻVisbyvägenʼ) intersect here, where a rise consisting of gravel (the ʻhigh bridgeʼ = Högbro) clearly emerges out of the terrain, leading across the great bog system Romamyr-Stormyr. Both roads in turn are intersected by the railway line Roma-Etelhem. The railway intersects both roads a few hundred metres to the west and southwest of the crossing. During the 19th century, the Högbro elevation was severely diminished and large parts of the Broa cemetery were destroyed by clearing and cultivation, gravel mining, house building, railway and road construction, as well as deliberate grave robbing. Many finds from Broa were sold on the antiquities market during this time, with many acquired by ATA. Unfortunately, the large and highly important cemetery of Högbro-Broa is still not published adequately; its present documentation is incomplete and confusing. The best overview about the history and state of research is given by Lena Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, pp. 621–623; IV:1, pp. 324–347). \n\nThe first professional and large-scale excavation took place in 1899, conducted by Hans Hansson, who unearthed 14 graves in a small area right next to the intersection, just south of the road Roma-Sjonhem and east of the road to Viklau. One further large-scale excavation was carried out in 1981–82 by Ann-Marie Pettersson, investigating 120 graves (9 inhumation, 102 cremation, 9 without bones) in a small area (circa 700 m2) about 50 m north of the road Roma–Sjonhem and about 40 m east of the road to Halla (Broe 1:71; see the report compiled by Daniel Langhammer from 2012, RAGU dnr 13/82, 789/84). Apart from that, several minor and poorly documented investigations took place, in the beginning of the 20th century and, in particular, during the 1930s and the early 1940s. \n\nTwo large areas are registered by ATA, a burial ground north of the road Roma–Sjonhem (ATA Halla 46:1) and a burial ground south of the road (ATA Halla 48:1). The first one (46:1) covers an area of circa 120 x 110 m (E–W) and contains 66 circular stone settings and 120 investigated flat graves. The other one (48:1) is about 300 x 120 m (N–S) and features 202 circular stone settings. Several other registered monuments, about 15 stone settings, 2 stone kists and 1 gravklot (large spherical stone) seem to belong to the Broa grave field as well (ATA Halla 1:1, 1:2, 74:1, 78:1, 79:1; Roma 31:1, 31:2, 32:1). Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, p. 622) estimates the number of investigated graves alone at about 300 to 400. The actual size and extent of the cemetery, however, remains uncertain. \n\nThe oldest investigated burials can be dated to the Roman Iron Age, with some unexcavated stone settings typical of the Pre-Roman Iron Age. Most of the graves, however, date to the Migration, Vendel and Viking Periods. First and foremost, the grave field is well-known and frequently cited for some particularly important finds such as the decorated horse harness from the equestrian burial discovered in 1899, after which the Broa Style is named (Salin 1922; Thunmark-Nylén 1992; 1995–2006 IV:1, pp. 325–326), the lyre bridge of amber from the same grave (Reimers 1980), and many remarkable finds of glass vessels from all periods (Nylén 1969). Furthermore, there are several elite warrior graves containing fragments of ring-swords as well as a Vendel helmet (Nerman 1969–1975 I:1, p. 29; II, fig. 601). \n\nThe exact location of the find spots of the picture stones is difficult to determine in most cases, and their contexts and relation to the known parts of the cemetery remain unclear. Most of them originate from the railway line and the area west of it (called ʻBrandenʼ) and the rest from the area east of the road to Halla, between the road and the border to Roma (ʻKlosterängenʼ). Lindqvist (1941/42 II, fig. 378) provides a map, which was primarily composed at the National Heritage Board (RAÄ) based on the information kept in ATA. It identifies the location of the find places of the stones as carefully as they could be determined at Lindqvist’s time. \n\nAccording to a report letter from 1917-07-17 kept in ATA (Go Halla sn M–Ö, dnr 709-1917; cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 65), Wennersten states that the picture stone Halla Broa XVI was “found on a newly built-on property to the right of the railway tracks, when travelling south from the train station Roma, just next to the level crossing in the triangle formed by the country road from Roma, the road to Viklau, and Gotlands railway line. […] [It] came to light two years ago when some workers, who had been commissioned by Hans Hansson to clear a burial mound from its grass cover until he would be back shortly afterwards, in doing so uncovered the stone. The picture stone lay there between other stone pieces; when I was there, it had lain with the obverse upwards in the open air for two years.” " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The limestone slab represents the entire body and root of a small mushroom-shaped picture stone, which is now missing its head. The obverse is even, the narrow sides hewn at right angles towards the obverse but for the most part only roughly worked. The stone has a height of 75 cm, of which 60 cm are accounted for by the part above the root. The width of the neck is 32 cm, that of the base 45 m. The slab is about 10 cm thick (cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 65–66). There are no serious signs of weathering, abrasion or damage to be observed on the stone’s surface. However, the images are not easy to discern. The decoration is executed with fine lines, while the background fields are slightly chiselled, not more than 1 mm deep (ibid. fig. 396; ATA 494:9a; 1718:22). " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "75" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "45" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 II, pp. 65–66) describes the carvings in the following way: “Within the border, which is up to 6 cm wide, an interwoven band pattern. In the panel above a horizontal bar at the neck, the legs of a running horse can be seen, which indicates that the stone’s head was filled with the image of horse and rider. Just below the horizontal bar, three persons can be perceived in a low panel, of whom the middle one appears to be shown in a sitting position […]. Below this, there is a ship with rounded, towering stems and rectangular sail with rhombic pattern on a mast, on which probably are attached one stay from the left (prow?) and two from the right. A rudder may have been near the indistinct stem on the right. Above the railing, the torsos of six crewmen, all facing left, jut out; they presumably are behind a row of shields attached to the railing. Below the ship, a row of waves is depicted, the crests of which are breaking to the left, and a final horizontal border.” \n\nIn Olof Sörling’s drawing of the stone dating to 1918 (ibid. fig. 394), the horizontal border below the waves represents a simplified twisted cord pattern, which cannot be identified on Lindqvist’s photo of the painted surface (ibid. fig. 395). Another notable difference between both pictures is the left stem of the ship, which in Sörling’s opinion seems to end in an animal head with open jaws. Sörling and Lindqvist basically agree about the three figures in the image panel above the ship’s sail. The man to the left (see also Oehrl 2019a, pls. 57e–h) is wearing a sword scabbard and stretching out his hand towards the middle figure, which could represent a human. The human figure to the right, whose gender remains unclear, lifts up its hand, holding up an indefinable object, probably a drinking vessel, less probably a weapon. Either the figure is sitting on a chair or wearing long garments. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 66) compares the figures in the panel above the ship with the uppermost panel of GP 253 Lärbro St. Hammars I, which (according to Lindqvist’s painted version) depicts two warriors, flanking and apparently attacking a woman placed between them. This scene has been interpreted on the basis of heroic legend, as a case of abduction of a woman or the killing of King Jǫrmunrekr (Lindqvist 1941/42 I. p. 105; Gjessing 1943, p. 86). For more information see the regarding article about Lärbro St. Hammars I. \n\nIf the person in the right corner of the panel holds up a drinking vessel, the depiction could be compared to drinking scenes on other picture stones such as GP 258 Lärbro Tängelgårda I and GP 532 Träkumla kyrka 1. For their possible interpretation as drinking and oath taking ceremony or afterlife feasting, see articles cited by Oehrl (cf. Oehrl 2019a, pp. 172–174, 178). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2299", "value_resource_id": 2299, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2299", "display_title": "GP 253 Lärbro Stora Hammars I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d633dfb0db357f71c420b161a1e48e1024726ee9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0253", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2304", "value_resource_id": 2304, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2304", "display_title": "GP0258", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/77873047d434a760273ee33746e1e5a43285e370.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0258.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2576", "value_resource_id": 2576, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2576", "display_title": "GP 532 Träkumla kyrka 1", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/6f94bdae6ccf3ee55275413bd7005a63b71563ce.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0532.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Originally mushroom-shaped late-type ʻdwarf stoneʼ, belonging to ʻAbschnittʼ C according to Lindqvist, who dates those stones to the time around AD 700. Current research, however, tends to date them roughly to between the 8th century and the 10th century. Lisbeth Imer (2004, p. 104) dates the stone Halla Broa XVI to between AD 750 and 900. According to Varenius’ ship typology (1992, pp. 69–74 and appendix 2), the rigging of the ship depiction belongs to his group III (segelskepp med skot i hanfot), which he dates to the 9th or 10th centuries. The horizontal border beneath the waves is particularly remarkable. The simplified twisted cord (or step) pattern is typical for Type B picture stones and occurs rarely on late type monuments. A decorated horizontal border just above the root is also quite unusual. The only parallel is GP 149 Halla Broa IX, which is comparable to Halla Broa XVI in many respects. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2195", "value_resource_id": 2195, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2195", "display_title": "GP 149 Halla Broa IX", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/dee08f2d52773427a99fc66c4cb90a4a0c103ccc.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0149.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 105; II, pp. 65–66, figs. 394–396; Helmbrecht 2011, p. 470 cat. no. 608; Oehrl 2019a, p. 89, pls. 57e–h. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla, Broa XVI" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4682", "value_resource_id": 4682, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4682", "display_title": "3D model for GP0150", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "fler/GP0150_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "116" } ], "ai2:shmID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 311, "property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "16239" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades vid röjning av en gravhög 1915 på det stora järnåldersgravfältet Broa i Halla. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStatens Historiska Museums magasin, Tumba \n\nBeskrivning \nEn liten svampformad bildsten (typ C-D), 75 x 45 cm, med kantdekor och tre olika bildfält. I det översta fältet spår av en springande häst, som förmodligen haft en ryttare. I det mittersta fältet tre människor varva den mittersta verkar sitta. I det nedersta fältet vågor och över vågorna ett skepp med segel och sex besättningsmän \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men bildstenen tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nOm djuret på bilden kan ses som en häst kan bilden tolkas som Sleipner som hoppar över ett hinder för att komma in i dödsriket. Om bilden i stället föreställer en hjort kan det finans en kristen bakgrund. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "legs" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "human figure" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sitting" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "torso" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "shield-row" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "hand" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "cup" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "chair" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "dress" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "woman" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "running" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sheath" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6581391" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "675775" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2195", "o:title": "GP 149 Halla Broa IX" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2297", "o:title": "GP 251 Lärbro Norder-Ire III" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2213", "o:title": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4682", "o:title": "3D model for GP0150" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2198", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2198, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 152 Halla Hallegårda", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/2d1e89181431474b5c61f76711ae657d82b7804c.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/2d1e89181431474b5c61f76711ae657d82b7804c.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/2d1e89181431474b5c61f76711ae657d82b7804c.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:11+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-08-26T08:42:52+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4203", "o:id": 4203 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4203", "o:id": 4203 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 152 Halla Hallegårda" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0152" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/d05be572-289d-417a-9787-9315406403f4", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hallegårda farmstead in Halla parish (RAÄ Halla 19:1). " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Farmstead" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla Hallegårda" } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "In the 1939 inventory, the stone is recorded as being kept in a garden about 100 m South-Southwest of Halla church and circa 4 m south of the school building. However, the actual find place, according to the inventory book, is located about 120 m south-southwest of the garden. The stone was unearthed on the farmstead of Hallegårda (1:15), just south of the cow barn. In the 1979 inventory it is noted that the monument has been moved to Gotlands Museum, where it is kept today. The stone is not documented in Lindqvist’s book. " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The limestone slab is 66 cm high, 39 cm wide, and about 5 cm thick. The entire picture stone is preserved, including the root, but broken across the width, in the middle. The stone’s surface is abraded, only the main parts of the decoration are still discernible. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "66" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "40" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "5,5" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "customvocab:10", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "The framing of the edge border and parts of its decoration on the stone’s base and right-hand edge (i.e., a geometrized twisted cord pattern) are discernible. In the head field of the stone, a simple ship image with towering stems, a mast and a small tabloid sail can be seen. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Middle-type picture stone, which means a Type B ʻdwarf stoneʼ, dating between AD 500 and 700. The monument belongs to the group of Type B stones featuring a convex head with corners protruding horizontally. GP 147 Halla Broa X, is a good parallel in shape and decoration, as well as many other dwarf stones which are gathered in Lindqvist’s (1941/42 I, p. 37) Stenstugruppe. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2193", "value_resource_id": 2193, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2193", "display_title": "GP 147 Halla Broa X", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/53cfc4d8698777ec3d91c1549a1521117e1fc216.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0147.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "B (ca. 500-700)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Guber 2011, p. 128 cat. no. 38. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1976:1254" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla 19:1" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC10980" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4684", "value_resource_id": 4684, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4684", "display_title": "3D model for GP0152", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "fler/GP0152B_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "121" } ], "ai2:limestoneType": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 325, "property_label": "Limestone Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "fine reef debris limestone" } ], "ai2:geologicalGroup": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 326, "property_label": "Geological Group", "is_public": true, "@value": "Slite Group (30%)" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nOmtalas första gången 1939, då bildstenen förvarades på gården Hallegårda. Den hade tidigare påträffats cirka 120 m syd-sydväst om gården. Överförd till Gotlands museum före 1979. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museum, magasinet på Visborgsslätt. \n\nBeskrivning \nHelt bevarad dvärgsten (period B), 66 cm hög, och som bredast 39 cm. Kantdekor delvis bevarad. På den övre delen av stenen ett skepp med mast och litet segel. \n\nDatering \nDateringen oklar, men den tillhör perioden 500-600-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2213", "o:title": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4684", "o:title": "3D model for GP0152" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2199", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2199, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 153 Halla kyrka 2", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/93694727835001faee7d72ee40f0f95814cf7323.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/93694727835001faee7d72ee40f0f95814cf7323.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/93694727835001faee7d72ee40f0f95814cf7323.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:11+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-22T09:03:57+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3877", "o:id": 3877 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3877", "o:id": 3877 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 153 Halla kyrka 2" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0153" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/c2a59acc-5afd-4cd2-8904-929747f15c8a", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla church" } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla kyrka" } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Inside the church, re-used in the floor of the choir." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" }, { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "In-Loco" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla kyrka" } ], "ai2:presentLocationNote": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 294, "property_label": "Context Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Söder om altarupphöjningen" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment was discovered in the floor of the choir by Beata Böttger-Niedenzu in 1983, together with GP 168 Halla kyrka 3, GP 169 Halla kyrka 4 and GP 170 Halla kyrka 5. In 1982, Böttger-Niedenzu submitted her master’s thesis on Gotland’s picture stones to the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, and during the years 1981 to 1985, she visited the Gotlandic rural churches, discovering not fewer than 38 previously unknown picture stones, which she published in a brief catalogue in 1988. Halla kyrka 2 is placed to the right (i.e., south) of and next to the altar. The rectangular fragment’s long side borders the altar itself as well as the step in front of it. Halla kyrka 3 and Halla kyrka 4 are embedded just to the right (i.e., south) of Halla kyrka 2, while Halla kyrka 5 is situated to the left (i.e., north) of the altar. All four stones are similar in material, technique and condition. Whether they all originate from one and the same monument or not, however, remains uncertain. The Type A picture stone GP 159 Halla kyrka (I) was re-used as altar slab inside the nave until 1876. \n\nThe oldest part of the present church is the relatively small nave which was built around 1200. The tower is only a few decades younger, while the present rectangular choir was erected as late as during the middle of the 14th century. The large Gothic-style choir replaces an old Romanesque apsidal choir of which the portal is re-used as the tower portal in the present church building. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2214", "value_resource_id": 2214, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2214", "display_title": "GP 168 Halla kyrka 3" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2215", "value_resource_id": 2215, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2215", "display_title": "GP 169 Halla kyrka 4", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/3f4a27fae2fe24f46df1286f55a351094e95b89e.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0169.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2216", "value_resource_id": 2216, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2216", "display_title": "GP 170 Halla kyrka 5", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f751f5783f8dc1a45b773019f59db2f6e2027116.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0170.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2205", "value_resource_id": 2205, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2205", "display_title": "GP 159 Halla kyrka (I)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7a5a1f21d7510e71f7d6af6d457c46c16d3d03d7.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0159.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The picture stone has been trimmed to roughly rectangular shape, 1.72 m in length and 0.63 m maximum width. The limestone is dark grey and a bit reddish, with many bright roundish spots, small cup-shaped depressions, and several black areas. Overall, the surface is quite rough and craggy. Furthermore, there is damage on the stone’s surface including in middle of the fragment where a small part seems to be broken out. The entire surface is worn by footsteps. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "172" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "59" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "customvocab:10", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Remains of the lowered background plane of a typical bas-relief are discernable at several points, in particular, in the lower (western) part of the slab. Here, the remains of a ship’s sail are well preserved, including its upper (eastern), lower (western) and right (northern) frame, consisting of a simple band or double line. The height of the framed sail is about 0.50 m. Large parts of the sail’s rhombic pattern are preserved as well. The rhombi are slightly raised but their broad outlines are carved into the stone. The intersections of these outlines are marked with tiny, raised rhombi. This elaborate design of the checkered sail is the same as on the stones GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I and GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII as well as GP 162 Halla Broa IV and GP 90 Fröjel kyrka. In the upper right (southeastern) corner of the slab, small parts of the border decoration are preserved, including a narrow vertical band which certainly once framed an interlace pattern. In the uppermost (eastern) area of the rectangular fragment, near the edge, two parallel horizontal lines are carved, forming the frame of a runic inscription. It may be concluded that the western part of the rectangular slab represents the picture stone’s lower body depicting a ship, while the east-facing short side with the inscription marks the stone’s upper body or neck area. The head and the root are lost. The remains of the border decoration indicate that the fragment represents the right half of the monument. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2208", "value_resource_id": 2208, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2208", "display_title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a1bbec5d51ba0e734796179599db95712073b49d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0162.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2137", "value_resource_id": 2137, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2137", "display_title": "GP 90 Fröjel kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ed9c5be9e4a9ae3330c1100cdc6dde2ee2a6a805.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0090.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "The bas-relief, the monument’s size and the rhombic pattern of a sail clearly indicate a picture stone of Lindqvist’s ʻAbschnittʼ C/D, which can only be roughly dated to the 8th to 10th centuries. The fact that runes are engraved on the stone (see VIII) narrows the time frame to between the middle of the 9th and the late 10th century. The arrangement of the inscription on a horizontal band in the upper part of the stone, above the ship, is similar to the stones GP 4 Alskog Ollajvs, GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III and GP 244 Lokrume kyrka. As said above (see VI), the design of the sail is comparable to a group of other Type C/D stones. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2051", "value_resource_id": 2051, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2051", "display_title": "GP 4 Alskog Ollajvs", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/97c788ddacdbc0d8519854f14a701efa89fd2503.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0004", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2290", "value_resource_id": 2290, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2290", "display_title": "GP 244 Lokrume kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/8bfebd3965015e2868ab4f17511bb2f16da86821.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0244.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "Yes" } ], "ai2:runicContextComments": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@value": "Parts of at least ten to twelve staves are visible between the horizontal framing lines, most of them very incompletely. A few twigs are also discernable, however, no single runic character can be determined with certainty. The surface is too much worn and the runes are largely lost. " } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Böttger-Niedenzu 1988, p. 9–10; Oehrl 2019a, p. 275–276, pl. 331a. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1977:9793" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla 5:2" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4685", "value_resource_id": 4685, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4685", "display_title": "3D model for GP0153", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0153_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "407" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1983 i golvet söder om altaret i kyrkans kor. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nPå samma plats som vid upptäckten 1983. \n\nBeskrivning \nTillhugget fragment av svampformig bildsten (typ C-D), 172 x 63 cm. Delar av ett segel med rombiskt mönster till en skeppsbild. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men bildstenen tillhör perioden 700-1000-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6379657" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "709471" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6379657" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "709471" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2205", "o:title": "GP 159 Halla kyrka (I)" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2214", "o:title": "GP 168 Halla kyrka 3" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2215", "o:title": "GP 169 Halla kyrka 4" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2216", "o:title": "GP 170 Halla kyrka 5" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2213", "o:title": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4685", "o:title": "3D model for GP0153" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/144", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 144, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2199", "o:id": 2199 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.51092552973716, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.497174288598785, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2200", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2200, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 154 Halla Broa 21", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/40ae39b5a4e999bd1f9f50b239fbfaf889afa046.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/40ae39b5a4e999bd1f9f50b239fbfaf889afa046.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/40ae39b5a4e999bd1f9f50b239fbfaf889afa046.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:11+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-08-26T08:43:56+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4204", "o:id": 4204 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4204", "o:id": 4204 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 154 Halla Broa 21" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0154" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/cc086ff4-13d8-4a03-895d-0b97dc1cf854", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "In a small river close to the Broa (today Broe) necropolis in Högbro, Halla parish. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Other" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla Broa 21" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Bildstenen följde med en grävskopa upp när ån vid Haugbro muddrades." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist published 20 picture stones under the name of the farmstead Broa (today Broe), all of which appear to originate from the unusually large Iron Age grave field, which is situated in the south-western part of Halla parish, close to the border to Roma parish, and which had been well known through the ages, first mentioned by Strelow in 1633. The farm belongs to the community of Högbro. Since time immemorial, two important country roads, the road Halla-Viklau and the road Roma-Sjonhem (ʻVisbyvägenʼ) intersect here, where a rise consisting of gravel (the ʻhigh bridgeʼ = Högbro) clearly emerges out of the terrain, leading across the great bog system Romamyr-Stormyr. Both roads in turn are intersected by the railway line Roma-Etelhem. The railway intersects both roads a few hundred metres to the west and southwest of the crossing. During the 19th century, the Högbro elevation was severely diminished and large parts of the Broa necropolis were destroyed by clearing and cultivation, gravel mining, house building, railway and road construction, as well as deliberate grave robbing. Many finds from Broa were sold on the antiquities market during this time, with many acquired by ATA. Unfortunately, the large and highly important cemetery of Högbro-Broa is still not published adequately; its present documentation is incomplete and confusing. The best overview about the history and state of research is given by Lena Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, pp. 621–623; IV:1, pp. 324–347). \n\nThe first professional and large-scale excavation took place in 1899, conducted by Hans Hansson, who unearthed 14 graves in a small area right next to the intersection, just south of the road Roma-Sjonhem and east of the road to Viklau. One further large-scale excavation was carried out in 1981–82 by Ann-Marie Pettersson, who investigated 120 graves (9 inhumation, 102 cremation, 9 without bones) in a small area (circa 700 m2) about 50 m north of the road Roma–Sjonhem and about 40 m east of the road to Halla (Broe 1:71; see the report compiled by Daniel Langhammer from 2012, RAGU dnr 13/82, 789/84). Apart from that, several minor and poorly documented investigations took place, in the beginning of the 20th century, in particular, during the 1930s and the early 1940s. \n\nTwo large areas are registered by ATA, a burial ground north of the road Roma–Sjonhem (ATA Halla 46:1) and a burial ground south of the road (ATA Halla 48:1). The first one (46:1) covers an area of circa 120 x 110 m (E–W) and contains 66 circular stone settings and 120 investigated flat graves. The other one (48:1) is about 300 x 120 m (N–S) and features 202 circular stone settings. Several other registered monuments, about 15 stone settings, 2 stone kists and 1 gravklot (large spherical stone) seem to belong to the Broa grave field as well (ATA Halla 1:1, 1:2, 74:1, 78:1, 79:1; Roma 31:1, 31:2, 32:1). Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, p. 622) estimates the number of investigated graves alone at about 300 to 400. The actual size and extent of the necropolis, however, remains uncertain. \n\nThe oldest investigated burials can be dated to the Roman Iron Age, with some unexcavated stone settings typical of the Pre-Roman Iron Age. Most of the graves, however, date to the Migration, Vendel and Viking Periods. First and foremost, the grave field is well-known and frequently cited for some particularly important finds such as the decorated horse harness from the equestrian burial discovered in 1899, after which the Broa Style is named (Salin 1922; Thunmark-Nylén 1992; 1995–2006 IV:1, pp. 325–326), the lyre bridge of amber from the same grave (Reimers 1980), and many remarkable finds of glass vessels from all periods (Nylén 1969). Furthermore, there are several elite warrior graves containing fragments of ring-swords as well as a Vendel helmet (Nerman 1969–1975 I:1, p. 29; II, fig. 601). \n\nThe exact location of the find spots of the picture stones is difficult to determine in most cases, and their contexts and relation to the known parts of the cemetery remain unclear. Most of them originate from the railway line and the area west of it (called ʻBrandenʼ) and the rest from the area east of the road to Halla, between the road and the border to Roma (ʻKlosterängenʼ). Lindqvist (1941/42 II, fig. 378) provides a map, which was primarily composed at the National Heritage Board (RAÄ) based on the information kept in ATA. It identifies the location of the find places of the stones as carefully as they could be determined at Lindqvist’s time. \n\nHalla Broa 21 was found in 1989, not far from the known areas of the cemetery, approximately 450 m west of the intersection between the roads Viklau-Halla and Roma-Sjonhem. It was uncovered by accident during dredging work at the small river that is crossed by the road to Roma (Visbyvägen). The finding place is situated at the intersection of the river and the road (RAÄ Halla 84:1). The picture stone was lifted out by the excavator bucket (ATA dnr 5571/89). " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The almost completely preserved, mushroom-shaped picture stone is 148 cm high; its width is 62 cm between the corners of the head and 78 cm at the base. The limestone slab is 10 cm thick. The left corner of the head is damaged and a small part at the right edge of the base is chipped off. The root is circa 30 cm long but possibly fragmented. A long scratch on the lower half of the surface probably originates from the discovery. The surface is flat and relatively smooth but greatly worn and weathered. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "148" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "78" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "10" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "customvocab:10", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Remains of a remarkably wide interlace border framing the monument are discernable. Due to the width of the border, the two image fields on the head and the body of the stone are relatively small and narrow. The rudimentary outline of a simple ship’s hull and probably the remains of a sail can be seen on the bottom of the lower field. More depictions are hardly discernable. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Mushroom-shaped late-type picture stone, ʻAbschnittʼ C/D or E according to Lindqvist. Where almost no decoration is left, such stones can only be roughly dated to the period between the 8th century and around AD 1100. The slab was only about 110 cm tall above ground, so according to Lindqvistʼs definition (1941/42 I, p. 30), it does not represent a ʻdwarf stoneʼ. According to Rundkvist’s typology (2012, p. 155), however, it must be regarded as ʻdwarf stoneʼ. Regarding shape, dimensions and the design with two very narrow image fields, the ʻdwarf stoneʼ GP 370 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII is comparable. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2415", "value_resource_id": 2415, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2415", "display_title": "GP 370 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/5cc98d089a5b298a486b86dc8288602f6b39969b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0370.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" }, { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" }, { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "E (ca. 1000-1150)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "No references" } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1976:3443" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla 84:1" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC11606" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4686", "value_resource_id": 4686, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4686", "display_title": "3D model for GP0154", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0154_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "444" } ], "ai2:limestoneType": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 325, "property_label": "Limestone Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "fine limestone without reef debris" } ], "ai2:geologicalGroup": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 326, "property_label": "Geological Group", "is_public": true, "@value": "Högklint Formation (30%)" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1989 vid muddring av en liten å precis vid vägen mellan Sjonhem och Roma. Fyndplatsen befinner sig strax norr om det stora järnåldersgravfältet i Broa i Halla socken. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museums magasin, Visborgsslätt. \n\nBeskrivning \nEn svampformig bildsten (typ C-D), 148 cm hög och som bredast 78 cm. Bred kantdekoration samt rester av två bildfält. I det nedre bildfältet spår av ett skepp med ett segel. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men bildstenen tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6377963" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "707787" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2213", "o:title": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4686", "o:title": "3D model for GP0154" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/145", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 145, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2200", "o:id": 2200 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.49651182371716, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.467676041453842, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2203", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2203, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 157 Halla Broa XII", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/2a2a3b0676159c85227020dfa144446840dee510.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/2a2a3b0676159c85227020dfa144446840dee510.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/2a2a3b0676159c85227020dfa144446840dee510.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:11+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-22T09:05:05+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4207", "o:id": 4207 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4207", "o:id": 4207 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 157 Halla Broa XII" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0157" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The Broa (today Broe) cemetery (on a field called ʻBrandenʼ) in Högbro, Halla parish, incorporated into the stone covering of a Viking Age burial. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla Broa" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Återfunnen tillsammans med Broa XI & XIII i en vikingatida grav (Lindqvist 1942:64). Funnen i gravhög på vagnmakare Otto Engströms tomt." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "Yes" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM Storage" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist published 20 picture stones under the name of the farmstead Broa (today Broe), all of which appear to originate from the unusually large Iron Age grave field, which is situated in the south-western part of Halla parish, close to the border to Roma parish, and which had been well known through the ages, firstly mentioned by Strelow in 1633. The farm belongs to the community of Högbro. Since time immemorial, two important country roads, the road Halla-Viklau and the road Roma-Sjonhem (ʻVisbyvägenʼ) intersect here, where a rise consisting of gravel (the ʻhigh bridgeʼ = Högbro) clearly emerges out of the terrain, leading across the great bog system Romamyr-Stormyr. Both roads in turn are intersected by the railway line Roma-Etelhem. The railway intersects both roads a few hundred metres to the west and southwest of the crossing. During the 19th century, the Högbro elevation was severely diminished and large parts of the Broa necropolis were destroyed by clearing and cultivation, gravel mining, house building, railway and road construction, as well as deliberate grave robbing. Many finds from Broa were sold on the antiquities market during this time, with many acquired by ATA. Unfortunately, the large and highly important cemetery of Högbro-Broa is still not published adequately; its present documentation is incomplete and confusing. The best overview about the history and state of research is given by Lena Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, pp. 621–623; IV:1, pp. 324–347). \n\nThe first professional and large-scale excavation took place in 1899, conducted by Hans Hansson, who unearthed 14 graves in a small area right next to the intersection, just south of the road Roma-Sjonhem and east of the road to Viklau. One further large-scale excavation was carried out in 1981–82 by Ann-Marie Pettersson, who investigated 120 graves (9 inhumation, 102 cremation, 9 without bones) in a small area (circa 700 m2) about 50 m north of the road Roma-Sjonhem and about 40 m east of the road to Halla (Broe 1:71; see the report compiled by Daniel Langhammer from 2012, RAGU dnr 13/82, 789/84). Apart from that, several minor and poorly documented investigations took place, in the beginning of the 20th century, in particular, during the 1930s and the early 1940s. \n\nTwo larger areas are registered by ATA, a burial ground north of the road Roma–Sjonhem (ATA Halla 46:1) and a burial ground south of the road (ATA Halla 48:1). The first one (46:1) covers an area of circa 120 x 110 m (E–W) and contains 66 circular stone settings and 120 investigated flat graves. The other one (48:1) is about 300 x 120 m (N–S) and features 202 circular stone settings. Several other registered monuments, about 15 stone settings, 2 stone kists and 1 gravklot (large spherical stone) seem to belong to the Broa grave field as well (ATA Halla 1:1, 1:2, 74:1, 78:1, 79:1; Roma 31:1, 31:2, 32:1). Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, p. 622) estimates the number of investigated graves alone at about 300 to 400. The actual size and extent of the cemetery, however, remains still uncertain. \n\nThe oldest investigated burials can be dated to the Roman Iron Age, and some unexcavated stone settings are typical for the Pre-Roman Iron Age. Most of the graves, however, date to the Migration, Vendel and Viking Periods. First and foremost, the grave field is well-known and frequently cited for some particularly important finds such as the decorated horse harness from the equestrian burial discovered in 1899, after which the Broa Style is named (Salin 1922; Thunmark-Nylén 1992; 1995–2006 IV:1, pp. 325–326), the lyre bridge of amber from the same grave (Reimers 1980), and many remarkable finds of glass vessels from all periods (Nylén 1969). Furthermore, there are several elite warrior graves containing fragments of ring-swords as well as a Vendel helmet (Nerman 1969–1975 I:1, p. 29; II, fig. 601). \n\nThe exact location of the find spots of the picture stones is difficult to determine in most cases, and their contexts and relation to the known parts of the cemetery remain unclear. Most of them originate from the railway line and the area west of it (called ʻBrandenʼ) and the rest from the area east of the road to Halla, between the road and the border to Roma (ʻKlosterängenʼ). Lindqvist (1941/42 II, fig. 378) provides a map, which was primarily composed at the National Heritage Board (RAÄ) based on the information kept in ATA. It identifies the location of the find places of the stones as carefully as they could be determined at Lindqvist’s time. \n\nThe picture stone fragment Halla Broa XII was found together with two other picture stones in 1915 by Hans Hanson during the examination of the burial mound Broe VI/1915, which was located on the property of the wheelwright Otto Engström (Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 IV:1, pp. 330–331). According to the map provided by Lindqvist (1941/42 I, fig. 378), the find spot is situated just west of the intersection between the road to Viklau and the railway line, north of the border to Möllbos gård (farm), in an area called ʻBrandenʼ, where several other picture stones were found. “Under a low earthen mound, a stone setting was discovered that had a diameter of 4.75 m, was free of earth, and consisted of limestone chunks and boulders. In the upper stone layer, without any apparent order, there were three picture stones, two of which ([Halla Broa] XI and XII) lay at the western edge, the third ([Halla Broa] XIII) at the eastern edge. The latter stone was in a slanted standing position. Under this layer of stones, a circle of limestone slabs, with an outer diameter of 3.5 m, was encountered, with a large boulder in its centre. Under this were another layer of smaller stones and finally the skeleton of a man” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 64). The inhumation grave was undisturbed, with the head of the dead lying in the south. Among the furnishings (SHM 15601:2) were a penannular brooch of bronze, a bronze strap buckle, strap end, and strap joiner, a green glass bead, a knife, and a comb with case (Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 IV:1, pp. 330–331; Rundkvist 2012, p. 152–153). The burial can be dated to the 10th century. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2202", "value_resource_id": 2202, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2202", "display_title": "GP 156 Halla Broa XI", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/acc03b9d2d5cfd6d35d05a2697e1db5a46b2dbca.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0156.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2209", "value_resource_id": 2209, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2209", "display_title": "GP 163 Halla Broa XIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7773650c33496572c3dfc4d49c53a09c436707e4.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0163.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, up to 10 cm thick. The obverse even, the narrow sides partially hewn, generally chamfered towards the back. The reverse rough and unworked. Width of the head 52 cm, its height 29 cm, total preserved height of the stone 52 cm, width of the neck 44 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 64). The fragment represents the complete head of a mushroom-shaped picture stone, including a section of the neck. Only a few very small broken-off parts are visible at the upper edge. The surface is not much weathered. At least when applying oblique light most of the carvings are well discernible. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "52" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "52" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "10" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (II, figs. 385, 392) provides a drawing by Olof Sörling as well as a photo of the unpainted stone (cf. ATA Run- och bildstenssamling 482:9; 494:6a; 1718:9b). Sörling’s drawing depicts the carvings as described by Lindqvist (ibid. p. 64): “Decorated with thin, carved lines with rounded bottoms. The background field generally is chiselled in the usual fashion, only in the narrow horizontal belt below the ship, it instead is covered crosslines (oars of the sailing ship??) that are at a distance of about 1 cm from each other, but slightly converge towards the top. Within an 8–10 cm wide framing border, which appears to have contained a simplified twisted cord pattern, and above a horizontal bar (border?) at the neck, there is a ship with (at least on the left) a towering stem and a slightly curved keel line as well as a chequered sail with rectilinear framing on three sides, the upper edge of which is convex and runs along the framing border. Above the railing and to the left of the mast, the torso of a crewman (turned to the left??) can be seen. The ship appears to be in an unusually slanting position, but otherwise probably belongs to a common type.” If Lindqvist’s interpretation of the mentioned crosslines as row of oars is correct, Halla Broa XII is the only known picture stone depicting the sail and the oars of a ship at the same time (1941/42 I, p. 73). " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "According to Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 38), the monument represents a Middle-type picture stone, which means a Type B ʻdwarf stoneʼ, dating to between AD 500 and 700. The simple ship, which is placed in the stone’s head field, as on many other Type B monuments, seems to be the only indication considered by him. Lindqvist assigns the vessel to his Rikvidetypus (ibid. p. 66). According to Vareniusʼ (1992, p. 62, appendix 2) typology, the ship belongs to group II (Skepp med enkel rigg), dating to the 7th to 9th century. According to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012, p. 159) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type dwarf3/4. Dwarf 3 belongs to Rundkvist’s period 3, corresponding with the Middle Vendel Period. Dwarf 4, however, occurs in the periods 4–7, which means between the Late Vendel Period and the Late Viking Period (8th to 11th century). \n\nAs a matter of fact, the shape of the almost semi-circular head with slightly pronounced corners is typical for late-type (mushroom-shaped) picture stones. The position of the vessel in the head field, however, does not occur on late-type picture stones. Furthermore, the depiction of a ship’s crew does not necessarily indicate a Type C–E stone. A ship with crew can also be seen on the Type B picture stones GP 77 Eskelhem Larsarve I, GP 13 Alva Bopparve, and perhaps GP 166 Halla Broa XVIII. However, the Larsarve stone and in particular Alva Bopparve have much in common with Type C–E stones and therefore have been regarded as late Type B monuments or transitional forms, presumably dating to the 8th century or even later (Oehrl 2019a, pp. 11, 18). See also GP 79 Etelhem järnvägen. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2124", "value_resource_id": 2124, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2124", "display_title": "GP 77 Eskelhem Larsarve I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1d5e2e006d595a79bd4fae7e116a544c8efbfab0.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0077.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2060", "value_resource_id": 2060, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2060", "display_title": "GP 13 Alva Bopparve", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/439d99f8d032815c4af7697787a842ee4043ac57.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0013.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2212", "value_resource_id": 2212, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2212", "display_title": "GP 166 Halla Broa XVIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0627581127eb7c471425fa052a36ffb6dab32275.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0166.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2126", "value_resource_id": 2126, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2126", "display_title": "GP 79 Etelhem Järnvägslinje", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cff8ebe912d643ca77adda7c1338ff11fd59ff15.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0079.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "B (ca. 500-700)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 66, 73; II, p. 64, figs. 385, 392; Rundkvist 2012, p. 152–153 cat. no. 13. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla, Broa XII" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4689", "value_resource_id": 4689, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4689", "display_title": "3D model for GP0157", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0157_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "112" } ], "ai2:shmID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 311, "property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "15601" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1915 som sekundärt använt byggnadsmaterial i en gravhög från 900-talet på gravfältet Broa i Halla socken. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStatens Historiska Museums magasin, Tumba \n\nBeskrivning \nDvärgsten (typ B), 52 x 52 cm, med kantdekorationer och ett bildfält med ett skepp med ett segel och möjligen åror samtidigt. Troligen rester av en besättningsman vid masten. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men bildstenen tillhör perioden 500-700. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "torso" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "oar" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6581391" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "675775" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2202", "o:title": "GP 156 Halla Broa XI" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2209", "o:title": "GP 163 Halla Broa XIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2213", "o:title": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4689", "o:title": "3D model for GP0157" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2206", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2206, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 160 Halla Broa II", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/7cb06f8f4cc38342dc9d0924e2829c3645a86732.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/7cb06f8f4cc38342dc9d0924e2829c3645a86732.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7cb06f8f4cc38342dc9d0924e2829c3645a86732.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:11+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-08-26T08:45:14+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4209", "o:id": 4209 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4209", "o:id": 4209 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 160 Halla Broa II" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0160" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The Broa (today Broe) necropolis in Högbro, Halla parish, at the old railway line. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla Broa" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gravfältet Högbro. Hittades samtidigt som nr.1" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist published 20 picture stones under the name of the farmstead Broa (today Broe), all of which appear to originate from the unusually large Iron Age grave field, which is situated in the south-western part of Halla parish, close to the border to Roma parish, and which had been well known through the ages, first mentioned by Strelow in 1633. The farm belongs to the community of Högbro. Since time immemorial, two important country roads, the road Halla-Viklau and the road Roma-Sjonhem (ʻVisbyvägenʼ) intersect here, where a rise consisting of gravel (the ʻhigh bridgeʼ = Högbro) clearly emerges out of the terrain, leading across the great bog system Romamyr-Stormyr. Both roads in turn are intersected by the railway line Roma-Etelhem. The railway intersects both roads a few hundred metres to the west and southwest of the crossing. During the 19th century, the Högbro elevation was severely diminished and large parts of the Broa necropolis were destroyed by clearing and cultivation, gravel mining, house building, railway and road construction, as well as deliberate grave robbing. Many finds from Broa were sold on the antiquities market during this time, much has been acquired by ATA. Unfortunately, the large and highly important cemetery of Högbro-Broa is still not published adequately; its present documentation is incomplete and confusing. The best overview about the history and state of research is given by Lena Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, pp. 621–623; IV:1, pp. 324–347). \n\nThe first professional and large-scale excavation took place in 1899, conducted by Hans Hansson, who unearthed 14 graves in a small area right next to the intersection, just south of the road Roma–Sjonhem and east of the road to Viklau. One further large-scale excavation was carried out in 1981–82 by Ann-Marie Pettersson, who investigated 120 graves (9 inhumation, 102 cremation, 9 without bones) in a small area (circa 700 m2) about 50 m north of the road Roma–Sjonhem and about 40 m east of the road to Halla (Broe 1:71; see the report compiled by Daniel Langhammer from 2012, RAGU dnr 13/82, 789/84). Apart from that, several minor and poorly documented investigations took place, in the beginning of the 20th century, in particular, during the 1930s and the early 1940s. \n\nTwo large areas are registered by ATA, a burial ground north of the road Roma–Sjonhem (ATA Halla 46:1) and a burial ground south of the road (ATA Halla 48:1). The first one (46:1) covers an area of circa 120 x 110 m (E–W) and contains 66 circular stone settings and 120 investigated flat graves. The other one (48:1) is about 300 x 120 m (N–S) and features 202 circular stone settings. Several other registered monuments, about 15 stone settings, 2 stone kists and 1 gravklot (large spherical stone) seem to belong to the Broa grave field as well (ATA Halla 1:1, 1:2, 74:1, 78:1, 79:1; Roma 31:1, 31:2, 32:1). Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, p. 622) estimates the number of investigated graves alone at about 300 to 400. The actual size and extent of the necropolis, however, remains still uncertain. \n\nThe oldest investigated burials can be dated to the Roman Iron Age, with some unexcavated stone settings typical for the Pre-Roman Iron Age. Most of the graves, however, date to the Migration, Vendel and Viking Periods. First and foremost, the grave field is well-known and frequently cited for some particularly important finds such as the decorated horse harness from the equestrian burial discovered in 1899, after which the Broa Style is named (Salin 1922; Thunmark-Nylén 1992; 1995–2006 IV:1, pp. 325–326), the lyre bridge of amber from the same grave (Reimers 1980), and many remarkable finds of glass vessels from all periods (Nylén 1969). Furthermore, there are several elite warrior graves containing fragments of ring-swords as well as a Vendel helmet (Nerman 1969–1975 I:1, p. 29; II, fig. 601). \n\nThe exact location of the find spots of the picture stones is difficult to determine in most cases, and their contexts and relation to the known parts of the cemetery remain unclear. Most of them originate from the railway line and the area west of it (called ʻBrandenʼ) and the rest from the area east of the road to Halla, between the road and the border to Roma (ʻKlosterängenʼ). Lindqvist (1941/42 II, fig. 378) provides a map, which was primarily composed at the National Heritage Board (RAÄ) based on the information kept in ATA. It identifies the location of the find places of the stones as carefully as they could be determined at Lindqvist’s time. \n\nThe picture stone Halla Broa II was found in 1876 during the construction of the railway line, together with GP 143 Halla Broa I and GP 161 Halla Broa III. “At the same time, several objects of bronze and iron from the younger Iron Age were discovered” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 59). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2189", "value_resource_id": 2189, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2189", "display_title": "GP 143 Halla Broa I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1b8f8b764541b077e9d0c46f0f59d21fa731d786.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0143.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2207", "value_resource_id": 2207, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2207", "display_title": "GP 161 Halla Broa III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0a4b22bb8da6bb7d59b33ea8abd309a6e3b47ccb.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0161.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, up to 9 cm thick. […] The narrow sides hewn approximately at right angles towards the obverse, the reverse rough and unworked. Total height of the stone 82 cm, 55 cm of which above the lower edge of the decoration. The width of the head likely was 42 cm, that of the neck is 38 cm, that of the base about 43 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 59). The small monument is almost completely preserved, including a short root, only the left corner of the mushroom head is broken off while the right corner is slightly discernible. The stone material is unusual. It is a fine-layered shoal limestone which is not very usable for working on it. The weathering especially attacks spaces between the rock layers, which leads to a kind of exfoliation. The surface of the stone is flaking off. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "82" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "43" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "9" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "“The decoration appears to have been added despite the ledges existing on the obverse; later, flaking resulted in the appearance of more of these ledges, which caused a considerable proportion of the decoration to be destroyed. The preserved elements are executed with finely hewn lines and particularly with chiselled background fields. Also, the creation of the almost 1 cm wide grooves forming the sail’s pattern left clear traces of the chisel […]. At their intersections, small rectangles were left standing. Apart from insignificant remains of the inner frame of an approximately 7 cm wide framing border and a horizontal border (which perhaps should be interpreted as the yardarm above the sail) on a level with the neck, the drawing shows (at the very top) the lower part of a horse, below that parts of the sail and the keel of a watercraft on top of a row of waves that are breaking to the right” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 59–60). \n\nLindqvist’s description corresponds with Olof Sörling’s drawing of the stone, which is dated to 1910 (ibid. fig. 379; ATA Run- och bildstenssamlingen 2425:15 [mistakenly labelled as ʻRoma Högbroʼ]). On the stone itself as well as on the early photograph kept in ATA (Run- och bildstenssamlingen 457:29 [mistakenly labelled as ʻRoma Högbroʼ]), only the keel line of the ship is visible, and the unusual surface structure, eroded by exfoliation. The carvings are remarkably faint. However, as Oehrl (2019a, p. 88, pl. 50a–b) demonstrated by means of RTI technology, the major parts of the figures are still discernable under the condition of a certain illumination. Helmbrecht (2011, p. 470) notes that the horse in the head field is possibly eight-legged. In Sörling’s drawing a third foreleg appears to be discernable. However, this element, which could also be part of the lost horseman’s spear, cannot be verified with certainty. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Mushroom-shaped late-type ʻdwarf stoneʼ, belonging to ʻAbschnittʼ C according to Lindqvist, who dates those stones to the time around AD 700. Current research, however, tends to date them roughly to between the 8th century (or rather around AD 800) and the 10th century. Lisbeth Imer (2004, p. 104) dates the stone to circa AD 750–900. According to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type dwarf4, which occurs in his periods 4 (Late Vendel Period), 5 (Early Viking Period), and 6 (Middle Viking Period). \n\nThe design of the sail, with small rectangles at the intersections of the diagonal lines (see VI), is the same as on the Type D stones GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I and GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII or the Type C stones GP 162 Halla Broa IV and GP 90 Fröjel kyrka. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2208", "value_resource_id": 2208, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2208", "display_title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a1bbec5d51ba0e734796179599db95712073b49d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0162.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2137", "value_resource_id": 2137, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2137", "display_title": "GP 90 Fröjel kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ed9c5be9e4a9ae3330c1100cdc6dde2ee2a6a805.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0090.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 59–60, fig. 379; Helmbrecht 2011, p. 470 cat. no. 603; Oehrl 2019a, p. 88, pl. 50a–b. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla, Broa II" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFA2088" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4692", "value_resource_id": 4692, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4692", "display_title": "3D model for GP0160", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0160_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "102" } ], "ai2:limestoneType": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 325, "property_label": "Limestone Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "fine reef debris limestone" } ], "ai2:geologicalGroup": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 326, "property_label": "Geological Group", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinteberg Formation (30%)" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1876 vid järnvägsbygge genom det stora järnåldersgravfältet i Broa i Halla socken. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museums magasin, Visborgsslätt. \n\nBeskrivning \nEn svampformig liten bildsten (typ C-D), 82 x 43 cm. Spår av två bildfält, det övre med en sannolikt åttafotad häst och det nedre med vågor och ett skepp med segel. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men bildstenen tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "Sleipnir" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2189", "o:title": "GP 143 Halla Broa I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2207", "o:title": "GP 161 Halla Broa III" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2213", "o:title": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2188", "o:title": "GP 142 Halla Broa VII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2208", "o:title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4692", "o:title": "3D model for GP0160" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2207", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2207, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 161 Halla Broa III", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/0a4b22bb8da6bb7d59b33ea8abd309a6e3b47ccb.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/0a4b22bb8da6bb7d59b33ea8abd309a6e3b47ccb.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0a4b22bb8da6bb7d59b33ea8abd309a6e3b47ccb.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:11+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-08-26T08:45:38+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4210", "o:id": 4210 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4210", "o:id": 4210 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 161 Halla Broa III" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0161" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The Broa (today Broe) cemetery in Högbro, Halla parish, at the old railway line. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla Broa" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gravfältet Högbro. Hittades samtidigt som nr.1" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Fornsalen" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Bildstenshallen" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist published 20 picture stones under the name of the farmstead Broa (today Broe), all of which appear to originate from the unusually large Iron Age grave field, which is situated in the south-western part of Halla parish, close to the border to Roma parish, and which had been well known through the ages, first mentioned by Strelow in 1633. The farm belongs to the community of Högbro. Since time immemorial, two important country roads, the road Halla-Viklau and the road Roma-Sjonhem (ʻVisbyvägenʼ) intersect here, where a rise consisting of gravel (the ʻhigh bridgeʼ = Högbro) clearly emerges out of the terrain, leading across the great bog system Romamyr-Stormyr. Both roads in turn are intersected by the railway line Roma–Etelhem. The railway intersects both roads a few hundred metres to the west and southwest of the crossing. During the 19th century, the Högbro elevation was severely diminished and large parts of the Broa necropolis were destroyed by clearing and cultivation, gravel mining, house building, railway and road construction, as well as deliberate grave robbing. Many finds from Broa were sold on the antiquities market during this time, with many acquired by ATA. Unfortunately, the large and highly important cemetery of Högbro-Broa is still not published adequately; its present documentation is incomplete and confusing. The best overview about the history and state of research is given by Lena Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, pp. 621–623; IV:1, pp. 324–347). \n\nThe first professional and large-scale excavation took place in 1899, conducted by Hans Hansson, who unearthed 14 graves in a small area right next to the intersection, just south of the road Roma-Sjonhem and east of the road to Viklau. One further large-scale excavation was carried out in 1981–82 by Ann-Marie Pettersson, who investigated 120 graves (9 inhumation, 102 cremation, 9 without bones) in a small area (circa 700 m2) about 50 m north of the road Roma–Sjonhem and about 40 m east of the road to Halla (Broe 1:71; see the report compiled by Daniel Langhammer from 2012, RAGU dnr 13/82, 789/84). Apart from that, several minor and poorly documented investigations took place, in the beginning of the 20th century, in particular, during the 1930s and the early 1940s. \n\nTwo larger areas are registered by ATA, a burial ground north of the road Roma-Sjonhem (ATA Halla 46:1) and a burial ground south of the road (ATA Halla 48:1). The first one (46:1) covers an area of circa 120 x 110 m (E–W) and contains 66 circular stone settings and 120 investigated flat graves. The other one (48:1) is about 300 x 120 m (N–S) and features 202 circular stone settings. Several other registered monuments, about 15 stone settings, 2 stone kists and 1 gravklot (large spherical stone) seem to belong to the Broa grave field as well (ATA Halla 1:1, 1:2, 74:1, 78:1, 79:1; Roma 31:1, 31:2, 32:1). Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, p. 622) estimates the number of investigated graves alone at about 300 to 400. The actual size and extent of the cemetery, however, remains still uncertain. \n\nThe oldest investigated burials can be dated to the Roman Iron Age, with some unexcavated stone settings typical for the Pre-Roman Iron Age. Most of the graves, however, date to the Migration, Vendel and Viking Periods. First and foremost, the grave field is well-known and frequently cited for some particularly important finds such as the decorated horse harness from the equestrian burial discovered in 1899, after which the Broa Style is named (Salin 1922; Thunmark-Nylén 1992; 1995–2006 IV:1, pp. 325–326), the lyre bridge of amber from the same grave (Reimers 1980), and many remarkable finds of glass vessels from all periods (Nylén 1969). Furthermore, there are several elite warrior graves containing fragments of ring-swords as well as a Vendel helmet (Nerman 1969–1975 I:1, p. 29; II, fig. 601). \n\nThe exact location of the find spots of the picture stones is difficult to determine in most cases, and their contexts and relation to the known parts of the cemetery remain unclear. Most of them originate from the railway line and the area west of it (called ʻBrandenʼ) and the rest from the area east of the road to Halla, between the road and the border to Roma (ʻKlosterängenʼ). Lindqvist (1941/42 II, fig. 378) provides a map, which was primarily composed at the National Heritage Board (RAÄ) based on the information kept in ATA. It identifies the location of the find places of the stones as carefully as they could be determined at Lindqvist’s time. \n\nThe picture stone Halla Broa III was found in 1876 during the construction of the railway line, together with GP 143 Halla Broa I and GP 160 Halla Broa II. “At the same time, several objects of bronze and iron from the younger Iron Age were discovered” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 59). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2189", "value_resource_id": 2189, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2189", "display_title": "GP 143 Halla Broa I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1b8f8b764541b077e9d0c46f0f59d21fa731d786.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0143.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2206", "value_resource_id": 2206, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2206", "display_title": "GP 160 Halla Broa II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7cb06f8f4cc38342dc9d0924e2829c3645a86732.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0160.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, 15 cm thick. […] The narrow sides hewn at right or acute angles towards the obverse, the reverse very rough and strongly curved. Current height of the stone 74 cm; the original height above the root likely was about 70 cm. Width of the head 46 cm, of the neck 41 cm, of the base 48 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 60). The stone’s face is almost even but quite rough. It appears to be weathered, in particular, its upper part, wherefore parts of the finely carved images and border decoration are lost. The mushroom shape of the slab is clearly discernible, both corners of the head are preserved. However, the top part of the arched head is broken off. The short root is preserved as well. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "74" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "41" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "15" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "“The lines of the decoration appear partly to have been chiselled, though they are narrow and irregular, partly to have been merely scratched in with a pointed object. The background field has been chiselled 1–2 mm deep. The border contains a twisted cord pattern that was given a realistic effect by Kerbschnitt-like chiselling of small areas. The field thus defined contains at the very top – probably below a [lost] top panel that cannot be interpreted – the image of a horseman with shield and spear on a horse, the feet of which rest on the upper part of the border-like frame of a sail with rhombic pattern on a watercraft with upwards-curved stems. The stems appear to be rounded. The ship has a rudder. Below the ship, a row of waves that are breaking to the left. Above the vessel’s railing, the torsos of five crewmen can be seen as well as many Y-shaped sheet ropes attached to the sail’s lower edge” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 60–61). \n\nThe picture of the stone with paint published by Lindqvist (ibid. I, fig. 108; cf. ATA Run- och bildstenssamlingen B3:59 [Faith-Ell 1937]) differs in some details from Olof Sörling’s drawing (ibid. II, fig. 380; cf. ATA Run- och bildstenssamlingen 2425:24), in particular regarding the horseman. In the drawing, the horse’s forepart and the equestrian’s lance are incomplete. The horseman’s head, however, is much more detailed, featuring his long hair, eye, and nose. Unlike Lindqvist’s painting, Sörling’s drawing depicts a shield boss, and the outline of the shield crosses the outline of the horse’s back. The second crewman from the right, however, is more detailed in Lindqvist’s interpretation, featuring an eye as well as details of hair and dress. In both interpretations, the outlines of the rudder cross the keel line of the ship. Those intersections are remarkable, as they possibly indicate a kind of preliminary sketch (cf. ibid. I, pp. 42–43; repeatedly Hauck, in particular, 1957b; Eshleman 2000; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 67–68 and passim [regarding Hauck’s research see 68–86, 169–172, 286–287, and passim]). The best examples for such preliminary carvings include GP 162 Halla Broa IV, GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I, GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III, and GP 258 Lärbro Tängelgårda I. The much-weathered left half of the upper panel remains indiscernible, even though Lindqvist tried to trace some scattered parts of the carvings here. Nevertheless, it is probable that it featured the depiction of a woman who welcomed the horseman (cf. other Type C dwarf stones such as GP 162 Halla Broa IV and GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III). \n\nAnother painted version of the stone, a photo of which is kept in ATA (Run- och bildstenssamlingen 1718:41 [Faith-Ell 1933]), presents significantly fewer figures and details than the pictures published in Lindqvist’s book. It appears to represent an obsolete interpretation by Lindqvist. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2208", "value_resource_id": 2208, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2208", "display_title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a1bbec5d51ba0e734796179599db95712073b49d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0162.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2433", "value_resource_id": 2433, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2433", "display_title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/20ebf4feb6626832693622e94b44103744d0d211.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0388.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2304", "value_resource_id": 2304, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2304", "display_title": "GP0258", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/77873047d434a760273ee33746e1e5a43285e370.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0258.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "For the interpretation of the horseman and ship motifs on late type picture stones, see especially GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I, GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII, GP 94 Garda Bote, GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I, GP 212 Klinte Hunninge IV (Klintebys), and GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III. Both motifs, the horseman and ship, are commonly regarded as depicting the deceased’s journey and arrival in the world of the dead." }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2141", "value_resource_id": 2141, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2141", "display_title": "GP0094", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/89d351acb925a49bbbc69ed6cd935473f2384af3.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0094.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "value_resource_id": 2258, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2258", "display_title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Mushroom-shaped late-type ʻdwarf stoneʼ, belonging to ʻAbschnittʼ C according to Lindqvist, who dates those stones to the time around AD 700. Current research, however, tends to date them roughly to between the 8th century (or rather around AD 800) and the 10th century. Lisbeth Imer (2004, p. 104) dates the stone to circa AD 750–900. According to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type dwarf4, which occurs in his periods 4 (Late Vendel Period), 5 (Early Viking Period), and 6 (Middle Viking Period). According to Varenius’ ship typology (1992, pp. 69–74 and appendix 2), the rigging of the ship depiction belongs to his group III (segelskepp med skot i hanfot), which he dates to the 9th or 10th centuries. Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 67) assigns the vessel to his Lillbjärstypus, which occurs frequently on Type C picture stones. However, he even considers the ship to represent a Type D vessel, dating somewhat later (ibid. p. 73). " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 67, 73, 107, fig. 108; II, pp. 60–61, fig. 380; Helmbrecht 2011, p. 470 cat. no. 604. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla, Broa III" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFA2089" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4693", "value_resource_id": 4693, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4693", "display_title": "3D model for GP0161", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0161_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "103" } ], "ai2:limestoneType": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 325, "property_label": "Limestone Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "fine reef debris limestone" } ], "ai2:geologicalGroup": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 326, "property_label": "Geological Group", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinteberg Formation (30%)" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1876 vid järnvägsbygge genom det stora järnåldersgravfältet i Broa i Halla socken. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museum, utställd i Bildstenshallen. \n\nBeskrivning \nEn dvärgsten (typ C), 74 x 48 cm, uppdelad i två bildfält. I det övre bildfältet en ryttare med spjut och sköld, och i det nedre bildfältet vågor och ett skepp med segel, rigg och fem besättningsmän. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men bildstenen tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "shield" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "spear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "torso" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "long hair" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "woman" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6393355" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "696536" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2189", "o:title": "GP 143 Halla Broa I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2206", "o:title": "GP 160 Halla Broa II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2213", "o:title": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2126", "o:title": "GP 79 Etelhem Järnvägslinje" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2285", "o:title": "GP 239 Lokrume Tomase I" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2208", "o:title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2433", "o:title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2435", "o:title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4693", "o:title": "3D model for GP0161" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2208", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2208, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/a1bbec5d51ba0e734796179599db95712073b49d.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/a1bbec5d51ba0e734796179599db95712073b49d.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a1bbec5d51ba0e734796179599db95712073b49d.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:11+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-08-26T08:45:58+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4211", "o:id": 4211 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4211", "o:id": 4211 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0162" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The Broa (today Broe) cemetery in Högbro, Halla parish, at the old railway line. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla Broa" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Funnen vid grustaget som järnvägen går igenom." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist published 20 picture stones under the name of the farmstead Broa (today Broe), all of which appear to originate from the unusually large Iron Age grave field, which is situated in the south-western part of Halla parish, close to the border to Roma parish, and which had been well known through the ages, first mentioned by Strelow in 1633. The farm belongs to the community of Högbro. Since time immemorial, two important country roads, the road Halla-Viklau and the road Roma-Sjonhem (ʻVisbyvägenʼ) intersect here, where a rise consisting of gravel (the ʻhigh bridgeʼ = Högbro) clearly emerges out of the terrain, leading across the great bog system Romamyr-Stormyr. Both roads in turn are intersected by the railway line Roma-Etelhem. The railway intersects both roads a few hundred metres to the west and southwest of the crossing. During the 19th century, the Högbro elevation was severely diminished and large parts of the Broa necropolis were destroyed by clearing and cultivation, gravel mining, house building, railway and road construction, as well as deliberate grave robbing. Many finds from Broa were sold on the antiquities market during this time, with many acquired by ATA. Unfortunately, the large and highly important cemetery of Högbro-Broa is still not published adequately; its present documentation is incomplete and confusing. The best overview about the history and state of research is given by Lena Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, pp. 621–623; IV:1, pp. 324–347). \n\nThe first professional and large-scale excavation took place in 1899, conducted by Hans Hansson, who unearthed 14 graves in a small area right next to the intersection, just south of the road Roma-Sjonhem and east of the road to Viklau. One further large-scale excavation was carried out in 1981–82 by Ann-Marie Pettersson, who investigated 120 graves (9 inhumation, 102 cremation, 9 without bones) in a small area (circa 700 m2) about 50 m north of the road Roma-Sjonhem and about 40 m east of the road to Halla (Broe 1:71; see the report compiled by Daniel Langhammer from 2012, RAGU dnr 13/82, 789/84). Apart from that, several minor and poorly documented investigations took place, in the beginning of the 20th century, in particular. during the 1930s and the early 1940s. \n\nTwo large areas are registered by ATA, a burial ground north of the road Roma-Sjonhem (ATA Halla 46:1) and a burial ground south of the road (ATA Halla 48:1). The first one (46:1) covers an area of circa 120 x 110 m (E–W) and contains 66 circular stone settings and 120 investigated flat graves. The other one (48:1) is about 300 x 120 m (N–S) and features 202 circular stone settings. Several other registered monuments, about 15 stone settings, 2 stone kists and 1 gravklot (large spherical stone) seem to belong to the Broa grave field as well (ATA Halla 1:1, 1:2, 74:1, 78:1, 79:1; Roma 31:1, 31:2, 32:1). Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, p. 622) estimates the number of investigated graves alone at about 300 to 400. The actual size and extent of the cemetery, however, remains still uncertain. \n\nThe oldest investigated burials can be dated to the Roman Iron Age, with some unexcavated stone settings typical for the Pre-Roman Iron Age. Most of the graves, however, date to the Migration, Vendel and Viking Periods. First and foremost, the grave field is well-known and frequently cited for some particularly important finds such as the decorated horse harness from the equestrian burial discovered in 1899, after which the Broa Style is named (Salin 1922; Thunmark-Nylén 1992; 1995–2006 IV:1, pp. 325–326), the lyre bridge of amber from the same grave (Reimers 1980), and many remarkable finds of glass vessels from all periods (Nylén 1969). Furthermore, there are several elite warrior graves containing fragments of ring-swords as well as a Vendel helmet (Nerman 1969–1975 I:1, p. 29; II, fig. 601). \n\nThe exact location of the find spots of the picture stones is difficult to determine in most cases, and their contexts and relation to the known parts of the cemetery remain unclear. Most of them originate from the railway line and the area west of it (called ʻBrandenʼ) and the rest from the area east of the road to Halla, between the road and the border to Roma (ʻKlosterängenʼ). Lindqvist (1941/42 II, fig. 378) provides a map, which was primarily composed at the National Heritage Board (RAÄ) based on the information kept in ATA. It identifies the location of the find places of the stones as carefully as they could be determined at Lindqvist’s time. \n\nThe picture stone Halla Broa IV was found in 1879 during the construction of the railway line (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 61). The exact find place and context, however, cannot be determined." } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, up to 12 cm thick. The obverse almost even by nature, severely pitted due to weathering. The narrow sides either hewn in an obtuse angle or rounded towards the obverse. The reverse rough and unworked. Total height of the stone 89 cm, 57.5 cm above the lower edge of the decoration, width of the head 45 cm, width of the neck 38 cm, that of the base 49 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 61). The mushroom-shaped monument is completely preserved, including its root. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "89" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "49" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "12" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "“The decoration of the border, which is filled with an s-shaped interlace pattern is executed with hewn lines and chiselled background fields. The images in the field appear to have been sketched in fine lines and drawn by means of a pointed instrument; after this, the work was completed by chiselling out the background field. The field is divided into two panels by a horizontal bar at the level of the neck. The horizontal bar at the same time serves as the yardarm of the sail of the watercraft filling the lower panel. On this bar, one foot of a horse is resting, on which sits a horseman with loose trousers gathered at the knee and a sword scabbard (attached to the belt?)” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 61). The very fine lines, which appear to be drawn with a pointed instrument are particularly visible in the details of the horseman’s head, his sword and trousers, but also in parts of the ship, in particular, the shields with bosses and the heads and faces of the crewmen. Those finely carved lines possibly indicate a kind of preliminary sketch (cf. ibid. I, pp. 42–43; repeatedly Hauck, in particular, 1957b; Eshleman 2000; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 67–68 and passim [regarding Hauck’s research see 68–86, 169–172, 286–287, and passim]). The best examples for such preliminary carvings represent the Type C stones GP 161 Halla Broa III, GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III and GP 258 Lärbro Tängelgårda I. \n\nThe figure in the left half of the head field can be interpreted in different ways, but Lindqvist’s description of the carvings is particularly detailed (1941/42 II, p. 61): “In front of the horseman, on the same ʻground lineʼ, a person is standing, the details of which have been lost due to flaking. The interpretation of this person was a problem that GG [Gabriel Gustafson], FN [Fredrik Nordin], and OS [Olof Sörling] frequently debated, but never finally solved. Alternative no. 1 [ibid. II, fig. 381] includes: a man with knee-length garb, holding a spear slightly tilted forwards, towards the horseman; the slightly crooked spearhead is at a level with the horse’s ear. Alternative no. 2 [ibid. II, fig. 382, 384], however, put forward a woman with a floor-length dress (at the front of which there is a strip of constant width that corresponds to the front lower leg in alternative no. 1); her head is looking rather masculine and does not quite reach the same level as the horse’s mouth. Above the woman, there is a bird (the head and long neck of which, pointed diagonally upwards, corresponds to the upper part of the spear in alternative no. 1) that appears to be flying towards the horseman. Both wings of this presumed bird are visible and executed in a remarkably realistic way; the feathers of the wings would be implied by short, chiselled lines, in the same manner that commonly was used for the chiselled areas of the background field. Lastly, alternative no. 3 [ibid. I, fig. 116], which SL [Sune Lindqvist] considers the most likely, shows a woman in a full-length dress (possibly with a strip of constant width along the dress’s rear contours that corresponds to the rear lower leg in alternative no. 1) as in alternative no. 2, but of much greater body height; the torso is inclined backwards, of course, because the woman is presenting the horseman with a drinking horn, its almost horizontal mouth facing him (in alternative 1, this is the spearhead, in alternative 2, the bird’s head). The top of the woman’s head is at the same level as the horse’s eye” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 61). \n\nThere are even more possible interpretations documented – a photo of the painted stone depicting the legs of a man without spear (Oehrl 2019a, pl. 30f), a drawing with a very rudimentary version of the man with spear (ATA, unpublished), and a drawing with another version of the woman with a drinking horn, featuring a smaller body size and more detailed facial characteristics (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, fig. 383). All mentioned interpretations are kept in ATA (Run- och bildstenssamling). Oehrl (2019a, pp. 65–66, 89, pl. 54a–b) considers the image on the head field of Halla Broa IV one of the best examples of the difficulty of picture stone documentation, which he regards as the major problem of picture stone research in general. His investigation based on digital imaging applications, however, did not lead to a final assessment. Nevertheless, in Oehrl’s view, a woman with a drinking horn is the most plausible interpretation, although she is probably smaller and less massive, as she appears on the photo provided by Lindqvist. \n\nThe ship in the lower part of the stone is described by Lindqvist, as follows: “The lower half of the field is occupied – as mentioned above – by a watercraft. Above the horizontal bar – the sail’s yardarm –, the masthead can be seen between the horse’s forelegs in the panel just described; on both sides of the masthead, there are the upper ends of the stays running down in both directions. The sail is enclosed on both the left and right in the same rectilinear way as at the top by the yardarm, while downwards, it has a number of pointed corners continuing the rhombic pattern that had been produced by wide chiselled grooves. The vessel’s hull has towering stems, the rudder is on the starboard side, and ten shields are visible along the railing. The shields’ contours are drawn fairly competently, but hardly with a compass; the rims of the shield bosses are drawn, as well. Above the shields raise the heads of six, probably originally seven, crewmen. They wear round head coverings. Four corners, which probably each terminate in a sheet rope, constitute the sail’s lower edge. The mast is massive towards the bottom and has a stay running to it from the inner base of the stem in the bow as well as several of them from the stern” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 61). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2207", "value_resource_id": 2207, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2207", "display_title": "GP 161 Halla Broa III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0a4b22bb8da6bb7d59b33ea8abd309a6e3b47ccb.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0161.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2304", "value_resource_id": 2304, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2304", "display_title": "GP0258", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/77873047d434a760273ee33746e1e5a43285e370.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0258.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "For the interpretation of the horseman and ship motifs on late type picture stones, see especially GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I, GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII, GP 94 Garda Bote, GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I, GP 212 Klinte Hunninge IV (Klintebys), and GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III. Both motifs, the horseman (welcomed by a woman with a drinking horn) and the ship, are commonly regarded as depicting the deceased’s journey and arrival in the world of the dead. Gabriel Gustafson’s interpretation of the woman in the head field of Halla Broa IV, featuring a long-necked bird above the woman’s head (see VI, alternative no. 2), is particularly tempting since Oehrl was able to prove in his studies that long-necked water birds played an important role in the iconography of the late-type picture stones, acting as companions of the women who welcome the deceased in the world of the dead. Those ʻornithomorphic psychopompoiʼ can be seen on the picture stones GP 91 Fröjel Bottarve, GP 3 Alskog kyrka, GP 120 Grötlingbo Barshaldershed 6, and GP 341 Sanda kyrka I. For more detailed interpretation, see the pertinent articles as well as Oehrl 2010a; 2012a, pp. 93–96; 2019a, pp. 50–55, pls. 23e–25c; 2020c, pp. 138–151, fig. 26–31. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2141", "value_resource_id": 2141, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2141", "display_title": "GP0094", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/89d351acb925a49bbbc69ed6cd935473f2384af3.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0094.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "value_resource_id": 2258, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2258", "display_title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2138", "value_resource_id": 2138, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2138", "display_title": "GP0091", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f013e0b5d4e9c4283dfc8b692e086a18f1d35595.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0091.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2050", "value_resource_id": 2050, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2050", "display_title": "GP 3 Alskog kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/50a7bab11df828a06ad8a95ac40128b793f64c22.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0003.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2167", "value_resource_id": 2167, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2167", "display_title": "GP0120", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/46171aa284fae7eec4ddcc269eca31cbc0e70fd9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0120.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2386", "value_resource_id": 2386, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2386", "display_title": "GP 341 Sanda kyrka I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b0a22f8bf7599dea66636e834db9b3016d8d9552.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0341.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Mushroom-shaped late-type ʻdwarf stoneʼ, belonging to ʻAbschnittʼ C according to Lindqvist, who dates those stones to the time around AD 700. Current research, however, tends to date them roughly to between the 8th century (or rather around AD 800) and the 10th century. Lisbeth Imer (2004, p. 104) dates the stone to the 9th century. According to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type dwarf4, which occurs in his periods 4 (Late Vendel Period), 5 (Early Viking Period), and 6 (Middle Viking Period). According to Varenius’ ship typology (1992, pp. 69–74 and appendix 2), the rigging of the ship depiction belongs to his group III (segelskepp med skot i hanfot), which he dates to the 9th or 10th centuries. Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 71) assigns the vessel to his Hunningetypus, which occurs frequently on Type C picture stones. \n\nThe design of the sail, with small rectangles at the intersections of the diagonal lines (see VI), is similar to the Type D stones GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I and GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII or the Type C stones GP 160 Halla Broa III and GP 90 Fröjel kyrka. Good parallels for the the border decoration, an interlace pattern formed by s-shaped loops, can be seen on the stones GP 171 Hangvar kyrka III, GP 395 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVII, and GP 94 Garda Bote. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2206", "value_resource_id": 2206, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2206", "display_title": "GP 160 Halla Broa II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7cb06f8f4cc38342dc9d0924e2829c3645a86732.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0160.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2137", "value_resource_id": 2137, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2137", "display_title": "GP 90 Fröjel kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ed9c5be9e4a9ae3330c1100cdc6dde2ee2a6a805.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0090.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2217", "value_resource_id": 2217, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2217", "display_title": "GP0171", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/192c2b27e331ddffdcc29d3d48ef7317e91819f2.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0171.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2440", "value_resource_id": 2440, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2440", "display_title": "GP 395 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cd3f96e2ea23815426e513d78c1073421cb88b76.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0395.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2141", "value_resource_id": 2141, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2141", "display_title": "GP0094", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/89d351acb925a49bbbc69ed6cd935473f2384af3.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0094.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Nordin 1903, p. 148, fig. 5; Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 47, 71, 73, 75, 82–83, fig. 105, 116–117; II, p. 61, fig. 81–84; Varenius 1992, p. 72, fig. 40; Lamm/Nylén 2003, pp. 90–91; Helmbrecht 2011, p. 470 cat. no. 605; Ney 2012, pp. 78–79; Oehrl 2012a, pp. 92–93; 2019a, pp. 65–66, 89, pls. 30a–f, 54a–b. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla, Broa IV" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFA2263" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4694", "value_resource_id": 4694, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4694", "display_title": "3D model for GP0162", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0162_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "104" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1879 vid järnvägsbygge genom det stora järnåldersgravfältet i Broa i Halla socken. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museum, utställd i Bildstenshallen. \n\nBeskrivning \nEn liten svampformig bildsten (typ C-D), 89 cm hög och 49 cm bred, uppdelad i två bildfält. I det övre bildfältet en ryttare med lösa byxor och ett svärd och framför ryttaren en stående person (kvinna?), troligen med ett dryckeshorn. Över den stående personen en fågel som flyger mot ryttaren. I det nedre bildfältet ett skepp med segel, tio sköldar och sex eller sju besättningsmän. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men bildstenen tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nRyttaren om möts av en kvinna med dryckesbägare tolkas normalt som en död man som välkomnas till dödsriket. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "trousers" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "shield" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "woman" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "human figure" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sheath" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "bird" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "spear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "dress" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2137", "o:title": "GP 90 Fröjel kyrka" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2156", "o:title": "GP 109 Gothem kyrka II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2199", "o:title": "GP 153 Halla kyrka 2" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2207", "o:title": "GP 161 Halla Broa III" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2433", "o:title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2435", "o:title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2195", "o:title": "GP 149 Halla Broa IX" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2206", "o:title": "GP 160 Halla Broa II" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2607", "o:title": "GP 563 Väte kyrka 2" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2213", "o:title": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4694", "o:title": "3D model for GP0162" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2209", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2209, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 163 Halla Broa XIII", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/7773650c33496572c3dfc4d49c53a09c436707e4.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/7773650c33496572c3dfc4d49c53a09c436707e4.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7773650c33496572c3dfc4d49c53a09c436707e4.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:11+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-22T09:07:07+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4212", "o:id": 4212 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4212", "o:id": 4212 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 163 Halla Broa XIII" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0163" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The Broa (today Broe) cemetery (on a field called ʻBrandenʼ) in Högbro, Halla parish, incorporated into the stone covering of a Viking Age burial. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla Broa" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Återfunnen av Hans Hansson tillsammans med Broa XI & XII i en vikingatida grav (Lindqvist 1942:64). Funnen i gravhög på vagnamkare Otto Engströms tomt." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "Yes" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM Storage" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist published 20 picture stones under the name of the farmstead Broa (today Broe), all of which appear to originate from the unusually large Iron Age grave field, which is situated in the south-western part of Halla parish, close to the border to Roma parish, and which had been well known through the ages, first mentioned by Strelow in 1633. The farm belongs to the community of Högbro. Since time immemorial, two important country roads, the road Halla-Viklau and the road Roma-Sjonhem (ʻVisbyvägenʼ) intersect here, where a rise consisting of gravel (the ʻhigh bridgeʼ = Högbro) clearly emerges out of the terrain, leading across the great bog system Romamyr-Stormyr. Both roads in turn are intersected by the railway line Roma-Etelhem. The railway intersects both roads a few hundred metres to the west and southwest of the crossing. During the 19th century, the Högbro elevation was severely diminished and large parts of the Broa cemetery were destroyed by clearing and cultivation, gravel mining, house building, railway and road construction, as well as deliberate grave robbing. Many finds from Broa were sold on the antiquities market during this time, with many acquired by ATA. Unfortunately, the large and highly important cemetery of Högbro-Broa is still not published adequately; its present documentation is incomplete and confusing. The best overview about the history and state of research is given by Lena Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, pp. 621–623; IV:1, pp. 324–347). \n\nThe first professional and large-scale excavation took place in 1899, conducted by Hans Hansson, who unearthed 14 graves in a small area right next to the intersection, just south of the road Roma-Sjonhem and east of the road to Viklau. One further large-scale excavation was carried out in 1981–82 by Ann-Marie Pettersson, who investigated 120 graves (9 inhumation, 102 cremation, 9 without bones) in a small area (circa 700 m2) about 50 m north of the road Roma-Sjonhem and about 40 m east of the road to Halla (Broe 1:71; see the report compiled by Daniel Langhammer from 2012, RAGU dnr 13/82, 789/84). Apart from that, several minor and poorly documented investigations took place, in the beginning of the 20th century, in particular, during the 1930s and the early 1940s. \n\nTwo large areas are registered by ATA, a burial ground north of the road Roma-Sjonhem (ATA Halla 46:1) and a burial ground south of the road (ATA Halla 48:1). The first one (46:1) covers an area of circa 120 x 110 m (E–W) and contains 66 circular stone settings and 120 investigated flat graves. The other one (48:1) is about 300 x 120 m (N–S) and features 202 circular stone settings. Several other registered monuments, about 15 stone settings, 2 stone kists and 1 gravklot (large spherical stone) seem to belong to the Broa grave field as well (ATA Halla 1:1, 1:2, 74:1, 78:1, 79:1; Roma 31:1, 31:2, 32:1). Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, p. 622) estimates the number of investigated graves alone at about 300 to 400. The actual size and extent of the cemetery, however, remains still uncertain. \n\nThe oldest investigated burials can be dated to the Roman Iron Age, with some unexcavated stone settings typical for the Pre-Roman Iron Age. Most of the graves, however, date to the Migration, Vendel and Viking Periods. First and foremost, the grave field is well-known and frequently cited for some particularly important finds such as the decorated horse harness from the equestrian burial discovered in 1899, after which the Broa Style is named (Salin 1922; Thunmark-Nylén 1992; 1995–2006 IV:1, pp. 325–326), the lyre bridge of amber from the same grave (Reimers 1980), and many remarkable finds of glass vessels from all periods (Nylén 1969). Furthermore, there are several elite warrior graves containing fragments of ring-swords as well as a Vendel helmet (Nerman 1969–1975 I:1, p. 29; II, fig. 601). \n\nThe exact location of the find spots of the picture stones is difficult to determine in most cases, and their contexts and relation to the known parts of the cemetery remain unclear. Most of them originate from the railway line and the area west of it (called ʻBrandenʼ) and the rest from the area east of the road to Halla, between the road and the border to Roma (ʻKlosterängenʼ). Lindqvist (1941/42 II, fig. 378) provides a map, which was primarily composed at the National Heritage Board (RAÄ) based on the information kept in ATA. It identifies the location of the find places of the stones as carefully as they could be determined at Lindqvist’s time. \n\nThe picture stone fragment Halla Broa XIII was found together with two other picture stones in 1915 by Hans Hanson during the examination of the burial mound Broe VI/1915, which was located on the property of the wheelwright Otto Engström (Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 IV:1, pp. 330–331). According to the map provided by Lindqvist (1941/42 I, fig. 378), the find spot is situated just west of the intersection between the road to Viklau and the railway line, north of the border to Möllbos gård (farm), in an area called ʻBrandenʼ, where several other picture stones were found. “Under a low earthen mound, a stone setting was discovered that had a diameter of 4.75 m, was free of earth, and consisted of limestone chunks and boulders. In the upper stone layer, without any apparent order, there were three picture stones, two of which ([Halla Broa] XI and XII) lay at the western edge, the third ([Halla Broa] XIII) at the eastern edge. The latter stone was in a slanted standing position. Under this layer of stones, a circle of limestone slabs, with an outer diameter of 3.5 m, was encountered, with a large boulder in its centre. Under this were another layer of smaller stones and finally the skeleton of a man” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 64). The inhumation grave was undisturbed, the head of the dead lying in the south. Among the furnishings (SHM 15601:2) were a penannular brooch of bronze, a bronze strap buckle, strap end, and strap joiner, a green glass bead, a knife, and a comb with case (Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 IV:1, pp. 330–331; Rundkvist 2012, p. 152–153). The burial can be dated to the 10th century. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2202", "value_resource_id": 2202, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2202", "display_title": "GP 156 Halla Broa XI", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/acc03b9d2d5cfd6d35d05a2697e1db5a46b2dbca.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0156.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2203", "value_resource_id": 2203, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2203", "display_title": "GP 157 Halla Broa XII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/2a2a3b0676159c85227020dfa144446840dee510.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0157.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, up to 9 cm thick. The obverse is even, the narrow sides hewn at approximately right angles towards the obverse and chamfered towards the back. The reverse is rough and unworked. Total length of the stone 67 cm, 58 cm of which above the root. height of the head 20 cm, its width 28 cm, width of the neck 26 cm, width of the base about 40 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 65). The small mushroom-shaped picture stone is completely preserved, including its entire root. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "67" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "28" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "9" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 65) describes the preserved carvings as follows: “The decoration, severely damaged by weathering, was executed with carved lines with narrow bottoms and by chiselling the background fields both in the border, which is up to 8 cm wide and filled with a double ribbon pattern [“Zweischnurmuster”], and in the image field. This latter probably was divided by a horizontal border both at the neck and again further down, judging from the sloppy chequered pattern of the sail(?) that can be perceived between 35 and 47 cm below the stone’s top.” \n\nSurprisingly, Lindqvist only reproduced a drawing by Olof Sörling (ibid. fig. 393), which does not depict any of the details described above. Only a few scattered lines belonging to the border and some diagonal lines at the base are depicted. Photos of the unpainted stone are kept in ATA, dating to 1933 and earlier, however, there is little more to see (Run- och bildstenssamling 457:34; 977:11a; 1718:10a). Remarkably, in his tabular overview of the Type-C stones, Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 44) subsumes Halla Broa XIII under the heading “Erblindete Steine” (ʻblinded stonesʼ, which means ʻstones with obliterated surfaceʼ). " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Mushroom-shaped late-type dwarf stone, which means Lindqvist’s “Abschnitt” C/D or E (1941/42 I, p. 44). As almost no decoration is preserved on the monument, it can only be roughly dated to between the 8th century and around AD 1100. The stone is not considered in Rundqvist’s (2012) typological study. " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" }, { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "E (ca. 1000-1150)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 65, fig. 393; Rundkvist 2012, p. 152–153 cat. no. 13. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla, Broa XIII" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4695", "value_resource_id": 4695, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4695", "display_title": "3D model for GP0163", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0163_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "113" } ], "ai2:shmID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 311, "property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "15601" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6581391" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "675775" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2202", "o:title": "GP 156 Halla Broa XI" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2203", "o:title": "GP 157 Halla Broa XII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2213", "o:title": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4695", "o:title": "3D model for GP0163" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2225", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2225, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 179 Hejde kyrka", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/a57db933e4c268cd72b96077b6633a60108cef63.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/a57db933e4c268cd72b96077b6633a60108cef63.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a57db933e4c268cd72b96077b6633a60108cef63.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:11+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-22T09:13:42+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3938", "o:id": 3938 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3938", "o:id": 3938 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 179 Hejde kyrka" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0179" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/bf0af549-2c03-42d6-a2fd-e868e58f0639", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Under the floor of the sacristy of Hejde church. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hejde" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hejde Kyrkogården" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hittades vid grävningar för pannrum under golvet i sakristian. Jorden var full med benrester (Lindqvist 1942:69-70)." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "Yes?" } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hejde" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Standing in the churchyard." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Churchyard" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Ute" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 69) summarises the information given in a report by Erik Bohrn in 1936 (ATA dnr 3619-1936) as follows: “Picture stone that was discovered in 1936 during excavation work while building a heating room under the floor of the sacristy. Amanuens Erik Bohrn told the National Antiquarian that the stone, with the obverse facing upwards, was found approximately 10 cm below the modern floor level outside of the sacristy and 72 cm below the floor of the church choir. The earth both under the stone and in the sacristy, however, showed signs of digging and contained remains of bones; ʻtherefore, it is less probable that the place, where the stone now was found, was, in fact, the one where it originally fellʼ. Later, the stone was erected at the north wall of the churchyard, close to the left corner of the choir.” \n\nThe Romanesque church was erected in the middle of the 13th century, and its nave and tower are still preserved. Around the middle or during the second half of the 14th century, however, the Romanesque choir was replaced by the current Gothic choir (Roosval 1942, pp. 251–253, 270; Lagerlöf/Svahnström 1991, p. 165). The sacristy was added as recently as 1795 (Roosval 1942, pp. 251, 259). Why, when, and how the picture stone came to its final resting place, whether it had been re-used in some way, perhaps during of the construction of the church, remains unanswered (cf. the similar case of GP 542 Visby St Clemens). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2586", "value_resource_id": 2586, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2586", "display_title": "GP 542 Visby St Clemens", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4945df6dea6d51421eaacb75ceaaf65500a49843.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0542A.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, at its head 15 cm thick. The obverse is naturally flat, but rather rough. The narrow sides are rounded or chamfered towards the back. The reverse is rough und unworked. The height is 120 cm, of which 111 cm are the part between the top of the stone and the keel of the ship. Width of the head 72 cm, of the neck 62 cm, of the base 90 cm (at the keel 84 cm)” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 70). As can be seen from a photo taken by Bohrn right after the discovery of the slab in 1936, however, the stone’s height given by Lindqvist disregards the preserved root of the monument, which was not visible anymore in 1937 after it had been erected. The now hidden root part is about 60 cm. Thus, the stone’s actual total height is about 180 cm. The obverse of the monument was already much weathered when it was found in 1936, and its state of preservation even worsened since then. Furthermore, today it is overgrown with moss and lichen. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "120" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "90" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "15" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 70) only notes that “the decoration, which appears to have been executed in the manner common for stones of this type, is badly weathered”. Surprisingly enough, he does not describe or even mention the results of an investigation of the carvings, which can be seen on the photo of the painted stone given in his book (ibid. fig. 405; cf. the photos by E. Edle 1938 and H. Faith-Ell 1937 in ATA [photos 2164:16 and B3:58]). \n\nAccording to the painting, the obverse of the monument is divided in four image panels. The bottom panel, which fills approximately the lower half of the decorated obverse, depicts a sailing ship. Only the rhombic pattern of the sail is partly preserved, as well as the (left end of the) keel. In its left corner, the image panel above (neck panel) depicts two probably male human figures in long garments holding long staff-like objects, facing to the right. In the right corner, a horse can be seen, facing to the left. The part between the men and the horse as well as the areas surrounding the horse remain unpainted and seem to be totally weathered. The stone’s head is divided in two panels. The upper one is very small and apparently without any remaining carvings. The bigger panel below is almost completely weathered as well; only a single male human figure in the left corner had been traced with paint. It is facing to the right, wearing a long garment and a chin beard. An extension starting from the figure’s shoulder and running along its back looks like a clothing feature or a wing. The inner frame of the bordering is largely preserved, as well as the horizontal frame lines dividing the panels. The border decoration is completely lost. \n\nToday, it is almost impossible to verify all of the carvings which are described above, even when applying RTI and 3D technologies. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall mushroom-shaped late-type picture stone, i.e., Type C/D. Lindqvist himself assigned the Hejde stone to his ʻAbschnittʼ C, which he dated to around AD 700. However, those Type C/D monuments can only be roughly dated to the period between the 8th and the 10th century. Lisbeth Imer (2004) dates the stone from Hejdeby to the 9th or 10th century. According to Martin Rundkvist (2012), who classifies the monument as a dwarf stone, the slab’s shape represents Type dwarf3, dating to the Middle Vendel Period. " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 69–70, fig. 405; Roosval 1942, p. 267. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1977:9884" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hejde 1:1" } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hejde, Kirchhof" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4711", "value_resource_id": 4711, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4711", "display_title": "3D model for GP0179", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0179_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "128" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1936 under golvet i sakristian till Hejde kyrka. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStår vid den norra kyrkogårdsmuren nära kyrkans kor. \n\nBeskrivning \nEn svampformad bildsten (typ C-D), 120 x 90 cm. Indelad i fyra bildfält. I det nedersta bildfältet finns ett segel med rombiskt mönster, vilket är rester av ett skepp. I bildfältet ovanför finns fragment av en bild med två män och en häst. Bildstenens huvud är uppdelat i två bildfält. Det övre är helt eroderat, medan en stående man kan skymtas i det lägre bildfältet. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men bildstenen tillhör perioden 700-1000-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "staff" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "cloak" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "beard" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "wing" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6368305" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "700967" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6368305" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "700967" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4711", "o:title": "3D model for GP0179" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/156", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 156, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2225", "o:id": 2225 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.41297797016514, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.34615682692845, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2230", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2230, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 184 Hejnum Riddare", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/34a2b9d36525176944078b6aa9a6e590ac4b20dd.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/34a2b9d36525176944078b6aa9a6e590ac4b20dd.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/34a2b9d36525176944078b6aa9a6e590ac4b20dd.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:12+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-22T09:14:53+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4222", "o:id": 4222 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4222", "o:id": 4222 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 184 Hejnum Riddare" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0184" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/f3aeb159-79f5-4949-b01c-d76ba53fb688", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "At the edge of an agricultural field about 600 m north-east of the farmstead ʻRiddare gårdʼ in Hejnum parish, circa 200 m south of the road Bjärs–Riddare, in its original location. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Landscape" }, { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "In situ" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hejnum" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hejnum Riddare" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Ursprunglig plats. Stenen rest av FN 1887 i sina stödstenar." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hejnum" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "In situ" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Landscape" }, { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "In situ" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Ute" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The stone was mentioned by Per Arvid Säve in his Berättelser (1864 p. 107) och Samlingar (vol. I, p. 364). More early records are collected by Gustavson/Snædal 2013, p. 30. Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 72) notes: “This picture stone is located at the eastern edge of a field, 150 m south-southeast of the most north-western point of the road Bjärs–Riddare before it turns from its general western direction to a purely southern one […]. In 1830 and during the following decades, the stone was in a recumbent position, but was re-erected in 1887 by [Fredrik Nordin] in its original place. During an excavation around the stone’s root, stones were observed that served to secure the picture stone in the ground, but no evidence of a burial was discovered” (cf. Nordin 1903, p. 151). The Hejnum Bjärs cemetery is situated circa 700 m north-east of the stone. " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, up to 30 cm thick and overall 3.25 m high. The height above ground is 3 m (391 cm between the tip and the lower edge of the decoration). Width of the head 147 cm, of the neck 130 cm, at the base 175 cm. Width of the ship 126 cm; its height between the keel to the yardarm 105 cm. The obverse is even throughout, the narrow sides are rounded towards the back, the reverse is rough and unworked” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 72). In the 1976 inventory it was recorded that the stone tilted towards the south-southeast. In 1993, however, it was set upright again, and in 1994 several spallings were repaired (RIKs no. 1606-3026-3038). The slab is severely weathered and overgrown with lichens. Otherwise, it is undamaged and represents an entirely preserved mushroom-shaped monument. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "325" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "175" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "30" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 72) notes: “The decorations consist of chiselled lines and sunken background fields around the figures. The figural imagery is constituted, as far as can be established, by a large ship with rounded, towering stems and a rudder on the left, at starboard. In the stern, at least three and probably five spears are standing, slightly leaning outwards. The ship has a rectangular sail with a rhombic pattern that continues downwards in the sheet ropes. A rope hangs from the middle of the sail’s rear vertical edge. Below the ship, there are waves, four of which are shown with uniformly stylised crests, with probably a fifth foam-crested wave under the stern post; under the stern post, there is also a symbol made up of three triangles.” \n\nThe depictions observed by Lindqvist are documented by photos of the painted stone taken by Harald Faith-Ell in 1937 (Lindqvist 1942/42 I, figs. 79–80). Surprisingly, Lindqvist does neither mention the 13-person crew on board (most of which seem to be armed with a shield) nor the animal head on the top of the stem, which are depicted in his photo. Sörling’s drawing is less detailed than Lindqvist’s painting; in particular, the entire crew is missing here (ibid. II, fig. 417). Some early photos taken by Ture Carlsson in 1927 depict the erected stone without paint, overgrown with lichens, and without any discernible carvings (ATA Run- och bildstenssamling 816:64; dnr 3024/27). " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "For the interpretation of triple-symbols and ship depictions on late-type picture stones see, in particular, GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall mushroom-shaped late-type picture stone, belonging to ʻAbschnittʼ C according to Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 44). Lindqvist dates those stones to around AD 700. He assigns Hejnum Riddare to his ʻLärbrogruppeʼ (ibid. pp. 44, 47). Lori Eshleman (1983) argues that the stones of this group had been strongly influenced by the art of the Carolingian Renaissance and thus must be dated to the period between AD 790 and 840. Current research, however, tends to date the Type C/D stones roughly to between the 8th century and the 10th century. According to Rundkvist’s typology (2012, p. 159), the stone belongs to the outline type ʻtall4ʼ, which he dates to the Middle Viking Period. Varenius (1992, appendix 2), based on his analysis of the ship’s rigging (group IV segelskepp med skotnät), dates it to the 10th century. Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 71–72) regards the vessel on Hejnum Riddare as one of the most typical ship representations of the Lärbro group (“Langschiffe vom Lärbrotypus”). The preserved runes, an i-rune and a k-rune (see VIII), cannot be used as indication for a more precise dating, as they only indicate a younger futhark inscription (in use from about AD 700). " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "Yes" } ], "ai2:runicInscription": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 286, "property_label": "Runic Inscription", "is_public": true, "@value": "Only two runes of the inscription (G 248) are preserved: \n…ik… " } ], "ai2:runicContextComments": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 72) notes: “In the 4.5 cm high border just above the ship’s sail, there are the scarce remains of a runic inscription. Prof. O. v. Friesen announced that these runes were unknown to him.” It seems that Lindqvist was the first one who observed the characters. They are not considered in Olof Sörling’s drawing from 1911 (ibid. fig. 417) but only visible in Lindqvist’s photo of the painted stone (ibid. I, fig. 80; taken by H. Faith-Ell in 1937; cf. ATA Run- och bildstenssamling)." } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Nordin 1903, p. 151; Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 47, 71–73, 75, 94, figs. 79–80; II, p. 72, fig. 417; Varenius 1992, pp. 53, 82, fig. 47; Rundkvist 2012, pp. 157, 159, fig. 5b; Andreeff 2012, pp. 130, 143; Gustavson/Snædal 2013, pp 30–32; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 12, 34, 259. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1976:1948" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hejnum 40:1" } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hejnum, Riddare" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4716", "value_resource_id": 4716, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4716", "display_title": "3D model for GP0184", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0184_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "138" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen noterades första gången 1830, stående i kanten av en åker, omkring 600 m nordost om gården Riddare. Eftersom den började luta allt mer restes den upp 1994. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStår på ursprunglig plats. \n\nBeskrivning \nStor svampformig bildsten (period C/D), 3,25 m hög och största bredd 1,75 m. På nedre delen av bildstenen vågor, ett stort skepp med segel, en stående besättning med sköldar och spjut stående i aktern. Under styråran en symbol med tre trianglar. \n\nInskrift \nPå ett band över skeppet spår av runor. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "spear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "shield" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "valknut" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "animal" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "head" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6400582" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "715721" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6400582" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "715721" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2111", "o:title": "GP 64 Buttle kyrka" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2216", "o:title": "GP 170 Halla kyrka 5" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2580", "o:title": "GP 536 Vallstena kyrka" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2111", "o:title": "GP 64 Buttle kyrka" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4716", "o:title": "3D model for GP0184" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/159", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 159, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2230", "o:id": 2230 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.69558206711017, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.619905194257285, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2231", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2231, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 185 Hejnum Rings", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/30045aa2d70af628da4ac73f170885e647fddf80.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/30045aa2d70af628da4ac73f170885e647fddf80.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/30045aa2d70af628da4ac73f170885e647fddf80.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:12+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-08-26T08:53:03+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4227", "o:id": 4227 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4227", "o:id": 4227 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4228", "o:id": 4228 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4229", "o:id": 4229 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4230", "o:id": 4230 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 185 Hejnum Rings" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0185" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/461e9e6b-789b-408a-8213-cbd24cf7523a", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "An agricultural field (ʻSudaråkerʼ) just south of the farmstead ʻRings gårdʼ in Hejnum parish (RAÄ Hejnum 20:9). " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Agricultural Field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hejnum" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hejnum Rings" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Återfunnen på Suderåkern sydväst om en grupp kämpgravar. Sydväst om gården mellan åker och äng." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 72) notes: “Picture stone, found in 1884 in the field ‘Sudaråker’, just southwest of the group of ‘kämpgravar’ (house foundations) investigated by FN [Fredrik Nordin] (Mbl [Kungl. Vitterhets historie och antikvitets akademiens månadsblad] 1886 p. 145–147, 1888 p. 49, 97, and 158–160). The stone had been lying recumbent, overgrown by ash trees and hazelnut bushes. On the same occasion, some red glass beads were observed, which, however, were not kept (?), as well as a bronze object, which was sent to SHM.” The find spot of the stone is located directly next to a complex of Early Iron Age house foundations (kämpgravar) and stone enclosures (stensträngar) (RAÄ Hejnum 20:1). After Nordin’s inspection, the complex was investigated again by Arne Björnstad in 1950. A large number of settlement finds came to light during both investigations (SHM 8063 and 2441), as well as a gold spiral ring, two Roman coins (2nd century AD), and many arrow heads (projectile points) (Nordin 1886, pp. 152–168). About 150 m south-east of the find spot, an Iron Age cemetery consisting of about 30 stone mounds is situated (RAÄ Hejnum 21:1). \n\nIn a letter by Ernst Hellgren from 1909 (ATA Go Hejnum sn Rings), a picture stone is mentioned lying in the front yard of Fornsalen, which originated from a field belonging to Rings gård (farmstead). According to Hellgren, the stone had been moved to the farmstead after its discovery and incorporated into a staircase, where it was found by Nordin, who finally delivered it to the museum in Visby. It is not clear, however, if this stone is identical with the stone described here. " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, 17–20 cm thick. The obverse naturally even, partly flaked, the narrow sides hewn at right angles towards the obverse, the reverse rough and unworked. Total height of the stone 220 cm, 190 cm of which above the lower edge of the decoration. Width at the neck 90 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 72). When the stone was discovered, it was broken into three pieces. This can still be seen on Olof Sörling’s drawing from 1910, which is kept in ATA (Run- och bildstenssamling). Today the fragments are fixed together with mortar, which can already be seen on the first photos of the slab dating to the early 1930s (ATA 457:30; 1751:14; 1718:42). Only the stone’s lower right edge (including the border decoration), parts of the root, and the left corner of the head are missing; otherwise the three matching fragments represent the entire monument. The stone’s surface and decoration, however, is not only damaged by the cracks but also much weathered and worn. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "220" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "90" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "20" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist describes the depictions in the following way (1941/42 II, p. 72): “Decorated with narrow, well-chiselled lines and slightly sunken background fields. Due to severe weathering, almost everything above the sail has been deleted. But it appears that the field in question contained two image panels of approximately equal height that were separated by a horizontal line or a narrow band at about the level of the neck. A horizontal border in the customary sense did not occur here. The framing border apparently contained rich band patterns of gradually alternating designs. Completely discernible is only the larger part of the ship, its sail with rhombic pattern, the breaking waves underneath, and the stylised four-strand interlace in the horizontal border at the base”. The ship’s mast is not placed in the middle of the ship but a bit further to the left, as in the cases of, for instance, GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III, GP 280 När Smiss I, GP 561 Väte Gullarve, and GP 339 Rute St. Valle 2. \n\nThere are three slightly different interpretations, all of them kept in ATA (Run- och bildstenssamling). An early drawing by Olof Sörling (2425:19) corresponds to Lindqvist’s description but without the horizontal border line in the head field. An improved drawing by Sörling dating to 1910 seems to depict the body and a single leg of a horse in the head field and minor additions regarding the border decoration and the rigging. Lindqvist’s photo of the painted stone (II, fig. 77), which was taken by Faith-Ell in 1933 (ATA 1718:42), features the described horizontal line in the head field instead of the horse, as well as some more details regarding the interlace border and the rigging, which seems to represent a network of ropes. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2257", "value_resource_id": 2257, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2257", "display_title": "GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cb5d2c8af425bf47098bed0d220392ad0e0bdcce.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0211.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2326", "value_resource_id": 2326, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2326", "display_title": "GP 280 När Smiss I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/2a1dc7da59386303aa351e00c9aa65be30cacc36.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0280.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2605", "value_resource_id": 2605, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2605", "display_title": "GP 561 Väte Gullarve", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c89e316930bb76d11c3e308904bae3dac0df0f6a.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0561.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2384", "value_resource_id": 2384, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2384", "display_title": "GP 339 Rute St. Valle 2", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f2f482480f543f7cf6b285590bbf8cb7c420d43e.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0339.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall mushroom-shaped late-type picture stone. The monument belongs to a small group of large Type C stones with slightly convex head and corners protruding at right angles to the body (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, tbl. III). Best examples are GP 37 Bro Eiriks I, GP 45 Bro Eiriks II, and GP 191 Hejnum Mallgårds 1 (and the Type E stone GP 32 Boge kyrka, which represents a palimpsest). This head shape corresponds to certain Type B ʻdwarf stonesʼ. Therefore, Lindqvist (ibid. p. 46) regards the mentioned Type C monuments as a “Hybridgruppe”, probably representing a phase of transition between ʻAbschnittʼ B and C. If this interpretation is correct, those stones could be regarded as the earliest Type C stones, presumably dating to the 8th century or possibly around 700. This dating corresponds to the result of Martin Rundqvist (2012, p. 159), who assigns Hejnum Rings to his typological group tall2, dating to the Late Vendel Period. Imer (2004, p. 104), however, dates the monument to the 9th century, and Varenius (1992, appendix 2), based on his analysis of the ship’s rigging (group IV segelskepp med skotnät), even to the 10th century. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2084", "value_resource_id": 2084, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2084", "display_title": "GP0037", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/49e5d0744d4567eff73da218d9c0b41f3f202a35.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0037.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2092", "value_resource_id": 2092, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2092", "display_title": "GP0045", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a7fed3f3c9db0e91e02faae04e0847813ef2afc.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0045.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2237", "value_resource_id": 2237, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2237", "display_title": "GP 191 Hejnum Mallgårds 1", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/855ec9431b6c9e9bfbe4f6c67dad7f8bf35813e5.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0191.JPG", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2079", "value_resource_id": 2079, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2079", "display_title": "GP 32 Boge kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/654d1307c8195d98c52882ecdf4f2f2a47998687.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0032A.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 46, 117, 126, fig. 77; II, p. 72; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 12, 34, 227–228. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1976:2000" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hejnum 20:9" } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hejnum, Rings" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC156" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4717", "value_resource_id": 4717, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4717", "display_title": "3D model for GP0185", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0185_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "139" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1884 i Suderåker tillhörande gården Rings, sydväst om några stengrundshus \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands Museums magasin, Visborgsslätt. \n\nBeskrivning \nStor svampformig bildsten (typ C-D) 220 cm hög och 90 cm bred vid nacken. Rester av bilder i två bildfält. I det nedre bildfältet rester av en skeppsbild, med vågor, skepp, rigg och segel. I det övre bildfältet troligen rester av en häst. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men den tillhör perioden 700-1000-talet. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2237", "o:title": "GP 191 Hejnum Mallgårds 1" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2416", "o:title": "GP 371 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IX" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2430", "o:title": "GP 385 Stenkyrka kyrka 10" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2605", "o:title": "GP 561 Väte Gullarve" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2079", "o:title": "GP 32 Boge kyrka" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4717", "o:title": "3D model for GP0185" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2257", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2257, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/cb5d2c8af425bf47098bed0d220392ad0e0bdcce.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/cb5d2c8af425bf47098bed0d220392ad0e0bdcce.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cb5d2c8af425bf47098bed0d220392ad0e0bdcce.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:12+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-08-26T09:01:23+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4242", "o:id": 4242 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4242", "o:id": 4242 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0211" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "A gravel pit on the property of Hunninge farm (?) in Klinte parish. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Private Property" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinte" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinte Hunninge" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Påträffades i kanten av en liten grusgrop, (Fyndplatsen uppritad, se originalkatalog C. HNR: 7116), Enligt uppgift av Ture Karlsson. Detta enligt katalog Fornsalen." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "According to Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 80), the picture stone GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I was “[…] found in the 1860s during the tillage of a field in Hunninge (Lättstain), a farm belonging to Loggarve, where it is supposed to have been lying together with [Klinte Hunninge] II. From there, the stone [no. I] was transferred to the park in Klintebys, where it still stood in July 1941”, while [stone no. II] “[…] was transported to the outer edge of Klinteberget, just northeast of the church, where it remains to this day” (ibid. 81). GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III “[…] was found at the edge of a small gravel pit just southwest of the estate of Arvid Lerberg to the north of the highway Klinte-Visby […] and was donated to [Gotlands Fornsal]” (ibid.). The find year is not given by Lindqvist. Regarding Klinte Hunninge IV (Klintebys), he notes that “[i]n 1934, this picture stone has been for an unknown number of years in the garden of Klintebys, where it leans against the wall of the local park. It appears natural to suppose that this stone came from Hunninge, also, but no details about its origins could be established” (ibid.). Therefore, Lindqvist calls the stone ʻKlinte sockenʼ (parish, Klinte Kirchspiel), while Jan Peder Lamm listed it as ʻKlinte Hunninge IVʼ. Later, the stone was re-erected, several meters in front of the wall, anchored in the ground with small stones and concrete. \n\nAccording to a report by Ture Carlsson and a letter by David Rosvall to the National Antiquarian from 1930 (ATA dnr 4546-30, 4794-30), picture stone no. III was registered by Carlsson in the same year and taken from Lerbergʼs garden (see also Svenska Dagbladet 1930-12-15). Carlsson also notes that no. IV was said to have been discovered ‘one year ago’ at the very same spot. He also mentions that in previous times two more stones (i.e., nos. I and II) had been found at approximately the same place. From there, as Rosvall assumes, they both were transported to a field, afterwards re-used as bridge stones, and a lifetime later placed in Klintebys park. In the 1965 inventory about the monuments in Klinte parish (ATA), it is noted that the stones nos. I, II, and IV probably originated from land owned by Klintebys farm, which, however, was situated in the area of Hunninge gård (farm), where they had been re-used as bridge stones over a ditch, before they were transferred to the park in Klintebys (“Sägas flyttats från Klintebys ägor å Hunninge, där de uppgivas ha legat som brostenar över diken”). In the 1927 inventory of monuments in Klinte parish (Förteckning över Klinte sockens fasta fornlämningar) kept in ATA, I and II are mentioned as still being situated in Klintebys park. \n\nConsequently, the object biography of the four stones is confusing and their original find spots are impossible to determine. Stone no. I was transferred to Gotlands Museum after the publication of Lindqvistʼs book, no. II is still standing on Klinteberget, no. III is kept in the museumʼs storage in Visborg, and no. IV is still standing in Klintebys park. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2256", "value_resource_id": 2256, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2256", "display_title": "GP 210 Klinte Hunninge II (Klinteberget)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c485b40065f70540d2e73913c274e8ef5773688c.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0210.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "value_resource_id": 2258, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2258", "display_title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment represents the left part of a mushroom-shaped picture stoneʼs neck and a small part of its head including the headʼs left corner. “Limestone slab, 10–12 cm thick. The obverse is almost flat, it probably is naturally smooth, but weathered. The surviving piece of the left narrow side is 44 cm long and dressed at right angles towards the obverse, with a 2.5 cm wide step between head and body. The reverse is rough. The fragment represents 55 cm of the height and 43 cm of the width of the original stone” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 81). The decoration is distinctly carved “[…] with about 2 mm wide lines with rounded bases and background fields that have been chiselled up to 1 mm deep” (ibid.). It is still very well-preserved. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "55" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "43" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "12" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Above the horizontal border, a row of three raised triangles can be seen as well as on each side of them the hoof of a horse with clearly marked notch [i.e., hair] (representing the horse’s hind legs in the large image of horse and rider). The distance between the hooves’ tips is 18 cm. Below the horizontal border (see IX), one perceives (apart from more raised triangles) part of a ship with a straight sternpost that is abruptly cut off at the lower edge of the sail. The ship has a sail with rhombic pattern (but without surrounding frame) on a wide mast that is supported by a stay attached high up on the stem. This stay reaches the mast at a point just below the sail’s upper edge, while its counterpart to the other stem was attached slightly lower. In the ship’s stern, behind the rudder attached to the starboard, sits a man with clearly recognisable nose, beard, and neck hair, holding a shield. In front of him sits another man above whose head a sword(?) protrudes diagonally backwards. This man, too, has a shield. The shields’ lower edges are at about the same level as the railing. In front of the mast, there probably is the tip of another sword(?), which is pointing diagonally up and back just as the one mentioned before. \n\nThe last-mentioned element, the sword tip in front of the mast, is not at all discernible in the photo of the painted stone published by Lindqvist himself (1941/42 I, fig. 132; cf. ATA run- och bildstenssamling B3:44a [photo by H. Faith-Ell 1937]). In the photos of the unpainted carvings (ibid. fig. 133; cf. ATA 1718:32, 1751:25b) as well as on the original stone surface, it can only be guessed at and remains speculative. The sword rising above the head of the foremost crewman seems like part of the headgear – at least according to the paint (cf. Oehrl 2019a, fn. 2124, considering a horn-like headdress in profile). In fact, however, the “sword” and the figureʼs head appear to be separated from each other. A photo taken in 1930 only incompletely depicts the outlines of the raised elements as well as the carved lines traced with white paint (ATA run- och bildstenssamling, photo belonging to dnr 4546-30). " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Regarding the eschatological interpretation of the ship motif in the iconography of the Viking Period Gotlandic picture stones see in particular GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall mushroom-shaped late-type picture stone, i.e., Type C/D according to Lindqvistʼs typology. Those monuments can only be roughly dated to the period between the 8th century (or rather around AD 800) and circa 1000. Lindqvist, however, assigns Klinte Hunninge III to his ʻAbschnittʼ D, which he separates from the monuments of ʻAbschnittʼ C (1941/42 I, p. 50). According to Lindqvist, the Type C stones are dating to around AD 700, the small group of Type D monuments, however, to the second half of the 8th century (ibid. p. 121). In the case of Hunninge III, he regards the border decoration as decisive. The horizontal border, representing wing-shaped or tendril-like elements, corresponds, as Lindqvist states (ibid.), to decoration in Salinʼs Style III, indicating a date of origin after AD 750. The unusual pattern of the vertical border is traced back by Lindqvist to ancient Roman conventions, which may have been reintroduced during the Carolingian Renaissance, which means around AD 800 (ibid.). Furthermore, Lindqvist holds the view that the unusual location of the sailing ship in the upper part of the stoneʼs body indicates the influence of the Type C monument GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I on the masonry of Hunninge III that therefore must have been carved later (ibid.). Lindqvistʼs conclusions are considered not convincing. \n\nVarenius (1992) assigns the ship depiction of Hunninge III (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 68: Segelfahrzeuge vom Hunningetypus) to his group 2 (enkel rigg), which he dates to the period between the 7th and the 9th century. According to Imerʼs chronological reassessment of the Gotlandic picture stones of Type C/D, Hunninge III must be dated to circa AD 750–900. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 50, 68, 70, 73, 121, fig. 132–133; II, p. 81; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 227–228, 242, pl. 275c. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinte, Hunninge III" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC7116" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4743", "value_resource_id": 4743, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4743", "display_title": "3D model for GP0211", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0211_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "155" } ], "ai2:limestoneType": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 325, "property_label": "Limestone Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "coarse reef debris limestone" } ], "ai2:geologicalGroup": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 326, "property_label": "Geological Group", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinteberg Formation (30%)" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nPåträffades före 1930 i kanten av ett grustag norr om vägen Klinte-Visby. Enligt brev från 1930 påträffades GP 212 Klinte Hunninge IV på samma plats 1929. Troligen kommer även GP 209-10 Klinte Hunninge I-II från samma område. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museum, magasinet på Visborgsslätt. \n\nBeskrivning \nFragment av en stor svampformig bildsten (period CD), bevarad höjd 55 cm och bredd 43 cm. I ett övre bildfält tre trianglar och i nedre bildfält delar av ett skepp med segel med mast. I aktern sitter en man som håller ett svärd och framför honom ytterligare en sittande man. \n\nDatering \nDateringen oklar, men den tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "value_resource_id": 2258, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2258", "display_title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2256", "value_resource_id": 2256, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2256", "display_title": "GP 210 Klinte Hunninge II (Klinteberget)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c485b40065f70540d2e73913c274e8ef5773688c.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0210.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "hoof" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "beard" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "hair" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "nose" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "shield" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sword" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "headgear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "triangle" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2256", "o:title": "GP 210 Klinte Hunninge II (Klinteberget)" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2258", "o:title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2142", "o:title": "GP 95 Garda kyrka 7" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2607", "o:title": "GP 563 Väte kyrka 2" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2216", "o:title": "GP 170 Halla kyrka 5" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2231", "o:title": "GP 185 Hejnum Rings" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2258", "o:title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4743", "o:title": "3D model for GP0211" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2258, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:12+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-22T09:20:23+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4243", "o:id": 4243 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4243", "o:id": 4243 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0212" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/b8031d81-d102-40b5-9ce4-34e47695debe", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Property of Hunninge gård (?) in Klinte parish. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Private Property" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinte" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinte Hunninge" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Denna bildsten befann sig år 1934 sedan en obekant rad av år i Klintebys trädgård, där den stod lutad mot den mur som omger parken där. Det kan tyckas naturligt att anta, att också denna sten härstammar från Hunninge, emellertid får man inte reda på något" } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinte" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Re-erected in a small wood belonging to the farm Klintebys (Klintebys park). " } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Private Property" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Ute" } ], "ai2:presentLocationNote": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 294, "property_label": "Context Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klintebys" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "According to Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 80), the picture stone GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I was “[…] found in the 1860s during the tillage of a field in Hunninge (Lättstain), a farm belonging to Loggarve, where it is supposed to have been lying together with [Klinte Hunninge] II. From there, the stone [no. I] was transferred to the park in Klintebys, where it still stood in July 1941”, while [stone no. II] “[…] was transported to the outer edge of Klinteberget, just northeast of the church, where it remains to this day” (ibid. 81). GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III “[…] was found at the edge of a small gravel pit just southwest of the estate of Arvid Lerberg to the north of the highway Klinte–Visby […] and was donated to [Gotlands Fornsal]” (ibid.). The find year is not given by Lindqvist. Regarding Klinte Hunninge IV (Klintebys), he notes that “[i]n 1934, this picture stone has been for an unknown number of years in the garden of Klintebys, where it leans against the wall of the local park. It appears natural to suppose that this stone came from Hunninge, also, but no details about its origins could be established” (ibid.). Therefore, Lindqvist calls the stone ʻKlinte sockenʼ (parish, Klinte Kirchspiel), while Jan Peder Lamm listed it as ʻKlinte Hunninge IVʼ. Later, the stone was re-erected, several meters in front of the wall, anchored in the ground with small stones and concrete. \n\nAccording to a report by Ture Carlsson and a regarding letter by David Rosvall to the National Antiquarian from 1930 (ATA dnr 4546-30, 4794-30), picture stone no. III was registered by Carlsson in the same year and taken from Lerbergʼs garden. Carlsson also notes that no. IV was said to have been discovered one year ago at the very same spot. He also mentions that in previous times two more stones (i.e., nos. I and II) had been found at approximately the same place. From there, as Rosvall assumes, they were transported to a field, afterwards re-used as bridge stones, and a lifetime later placed in Klintebys park. In the 1965 inventory about the monuments in Klinte parish (ATA), it is noted that the stones nos. I, II, and IV probably originated from land owned by Klintebys farm, which, however, was situated in the area of Hunninge gård (farm), where they were re-used as bridge stones over a ditch, before they were transferred to the park in Klintebys (“Sägas flyttats från Klintebys ägor å Hunninge, där de uppgivas ha legat som brostenar över diken”). In the 1927 inventory of monuments in Klinte parish (Förteckning över Klinte sockens fasta fornlämningar) kept in ATA, I and II are mentioned as still being situated in Klintebys park. \n\nConsequently, the object biography of the four stones is confusing and their original find spots are impossible to determine. Stone no. I was transferred to Gotlands Museum after the publication of Lindqvistʼa book, no. II is still standing on Klinteberget, no. III is kept in the museumʼs storage in Visborg, and no. IV is still standing in Klintebys park. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2256", "value_resource_id": 2256, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2256", "display_title": "GP 210 Klinte Hunninge II (Klinteberget)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c485b40065f70540d2e73913c274e8ef5773688c.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0210.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2257", "value_resource_id": 2257, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2257", "display_title": "GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cb5d2c8af425bf47098bed0d220392ad0e0bdcce.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0211.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 81) notes: “Limestone slab, about 20 cm thick. The obverse is even, but especially on its right half with considerable bumps. The narrow sides are hewn at about right angles towards the obverse and rounded towards the back. The reverse is rough and unworked. The stone’s height is 186 cm, the distance between its top and the lower edge of the decoration is 151 cm. The width of the head is 78 cm, that of the neck 73, and that of the base 99 cm.” The monument is completely preserved, including its root; only the right-hand edge is partly damaged. Already in Lindqvistʼs time, parts of the surface were much weathered and indiscernible, in particular in the right third and in the middle of the stone. Due to its re-erection and anchoring in the ground, parts of the decorated base are not visible anymore. Furthermore, the stone meanwhile has been exposed to the weather without protection for about a century, and thus the imagery is much abraded and partly destroyed. The entire surface is heavily overgrown by lichens. Today, it is almost impossible to verify Lindqvistʼs documentation of the carvings with certainty. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "186" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "99" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "20" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 81–82) describes the carvings as follows: “Decoration with faintly carved lines and primarily with chiselled background fields. In the horse in the top panel, thin lines can be made out defining the horse’s right leg. The border is filled with a simplified ‘twisted-cord’ pattern. The top panel shows a horseman supporting himself with one hand on the horse’s croup and carrying a hunting bird on the elbow of the same arm; in the other hand, he holds the reins. Above the horseman, a dog and a bird(?) can be seen, in front of him a woman facing him and holding a horn in her hand. The next panel shows a ship with rounded stem featuring a small spiral disc at its terminal, as well as a sail with a pattern of rhombi, the middle fields of which are carved into the stone. In the ship, there probably is a row of crewmen facing right; below the ship, two horses (which probably carried riders, but their figures are very hard to recognise). Behind the right horse possibly a walking person is depicted. At the very bottom, one perceives a row of chiselled triangles pointing downwards.” \n\nThe horseman is hardly “carrying a hunting bird on the elbow”, as Lindqvist suggests, but rather on his fist, as it is usual in falconry. In one of his hands the depicted horseman is holding the reins; on the other hand, stretched out to the left, the raptor is sitting. A vertical stripe connects the man’s outstretched arm, which is holding the bird, with the horse’s back. The meaning of this detail is uncertain, but it could represent the straps of leather on the raptor’s legs, used by falconers to tether the bird (ʻjessesʼ, German Geschüh). Otherwise, it could be interpreted as an ʻeagle crutchʼ, a device used by, for instance, Kyrgyz falconers for supporting their arm while holding their heavy hunting eagle. \n\nHowever, as noted above, the carvings are in very bad condition and it is difficult to verify the images and details described by Lindqvist and depicted in the photo of the painted stone which is published in his book (ibid. II, fig. 134, cf. ATA 1719:17 [taken by H. Faith-Ell 1933]). Other pictures, including those before the stone was painted by Lindqvist, are not available in the archives. Oehrl (2019a, pp. 179–180), who re-analysed the stone in 2013 by means of 3D digitisation and Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI), concludes that only the rough contours of the main motifs can be brought to light, while most of it remains indiscernible to the naked eye. \n\nRegarding the possible bird (cf. Oehrl 2010a, pp. 24–25, pl. VI:15) that appears to fly ahead of the horse, Oehrl (2019a, pls. 184a–c, 185a–c), based on the results of his RTI documentation, suggests a new interpretation, considering a four-legged prey animal, presumably a fox. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Regarding the interpretation of the ship and equestrian motifs see in particular GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III, concerning the horseman and adventus motiv see also GP 94 Garda Bote, GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I, GP 21 Ardre Kyrka VIII and GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I. Usually, for good reasons, the motif of the equestrian and the woman with the drinking horn is interpreted as the arrival of a fallen warrior in Valhǫll, who is welcomed by a valkyrie. \n\nThe horseman with the raptor on Klinte Hunninge IV (Klintebys) is regarded as the earliest known Scandinavian monument that clearly depicts a falconry scene. According to the Barbarian Law Codes, the leges barbarorum, hunting with raptors was well established among the Continental tribes from the 5th or 6th century onwards (Lindner 1973; Grimm/Oehrl 2017; Dusil 2018). Bones of birds of prey in richly furnished graves of the 6th–10th centuries appear to prove that falconry was also already practised in East Middle Sweden from an early age (Vretemark 2018). Written allusions to falconry in Old Norse literature come to the fore in the 10th or 11th century at the earliest (Hofmann 1957/58; Carstens 2018). In addition, pictorial depictions should be considered important source material, indicating a certain knowledge of this form of hunting among the early Scandinavians (Åkerström-Hougen 1981; Oehrl 2012c; 2013a; 2014a; 2018; 2020d; Grimm/Oehrl 2017). \n\nBird brooches and raptor-shaped fittings from the Vendel Period (Atterman 1934) are occasionally regarded as further evidence for early Scandinavian falconry. Actually, some of these items represent raptors holding and devouring their prey, like the 7th century gilded saddle fittings from a horseman’s grave at Vallstena in Gotland (Nerman 1969/75, no. 1260–1263) and the gold and garnet cloisonné mounts of the purse lid from the Anglo-Saxon princely ship burial at Sutton Hoo (Suffolk, East Anglia), also from the 7th century, depicting a raptor striking a duck (Hicks 1986, 162–165; Adams 2015, 43–48). However, images like this – without clearly assignable human participants, horses and hunting dogs – cannot with certainty be regarded as depictions of falconry. As some of them were used as shield decorations or saddle fittings, it could be reasonable to interpret them as warrior emblems, probably in the context of the ʻbeasts of battleʼ tradition (see GP 253 Lärbro St. Hammars I, and GP 258 Lärbro Tängelgårda I), like the bird brooch from Lisbjerg in Jutland from the 6th/7th century AD depicting a similar raptor that is striking a human figure (Ørsnes 1966, no. 159a; Kjærum/Olsen 1990, p. 162 no. 63; Oehrl 2020d, pp. 455–457), or just as symbols of power or mythological motifs (Dickinson 2005, pp. 152–160; 2011, pp. 644–650; Hauck 1980a, pp. 274–286; 1982c, pp. 321–328; Oehrl in print b). Even the raptors on Migration Period gold bracteates have been interpreted in the context of falconry, which is by no means plausible (Pesch 2018). \n\nAnother undoubted depiction of falconry can be seen on the Viking Age rune stone from Alstad in Oppland, Norway, from between AD 1000 and 1030 (N 61–62; Christiansen 1997). A horseman with a bird of prey on his fist, together with two hounds, and a second big raptor on the top of the stone can be seen. A strange, long object in the hand of a second horseman at the bottom, which is club-like and broadens towards its top, could be regarded as a perch for the raptor. A T-shaped perch is depicted on a bronze Viking ship from Grimsta near Stockholm, Sweden, from the 11th century (Biörnstad 1958). The depicted horseman holds his bird on his left fist and the perch in his right hand. There is also a group of 11th century Swedish rune stones. The stone from Vidbo kyrka (Uppland, U 375), for instance, depicts a horseman above whom a stylized bird seems to be flying. On the rune stone from Hanunda (Uppland, U 599), a horseman lifts up his hand and above him a big raptor is situated on the runic border. Possibly, this rider is a falconer who is calling his bird back to his fist. \n\nA matter of particular interest is the 11th century rune stone from Böksta/Balingsta (Uppland, U 855). It depicts a mounted hunter with a spear, pursuing a red deer stag with his hounds. A stylized raptor is standing on the stag’s antlers attacking its head with its beak. This depiction appears to represent a special kind of falconry, i.e., hunting big game animals with raptors, which was widespread in the Arab world, but almost unknown in medieval Europe. On the basis of this rune stone, it has been considered that Viking falconers were influenced by Eastern hunting traditions (Oehrl 2013a; 2014a). Apart from this, early images of falconry can also be observed on carved stones on the British Isles – on the prominent 8th century Anglo-Saxon stone cross from Bewcastle in Cumberland, on 8th/9th century Pictish carved stones from Scotland, as well as on the Viking or ʻAnglo-Scandinavianʼ stone cross from Sockburn in Durham, dating to the first half of the 10th century (Cramp 1984, 136; Bailey/Cramp 1988, pp. 69–70; Carrington 1996; Oehrl 2018, pp. 841–843, figs. 1–5, 10). \n\nAs a result, the horseman from Klintebys is not the only Viking Age depiction of a falconer but must be regarded the earliest pictorial representation of a falconer in Scandinavian art. Remarkably, the fallen hero arriving at the gates of the warrior’s paradise is glorified as a falconer – on horseback, with a hunting hound and a raptor on his fist. \n\nWhether there were actually human riders on the backs of the two facing horses in the lower part of the stone remains unclear. If this was not the case, the depiction can be associated with similar images of facing horses on Type A and Type B picture stones. The topic of horse fights (called hestavíg in Old Norse literature) and horse sacrifice in the iconography of the (early) Gotland picture stones has often been discussed, see in particular GP 198 Hellvi Ire 7 and the following literature: Gjessing 1943, pp. 29–30; Lindqvst 1955, pp. 41–43; Ellmers 1970, pp. 243–245; Lamm/Nylén 2003, p. 26; Althaus 1993, pp. 87–89, 192–193; Lamm 1999; Beck 2003, pp. 96–97; Guber 2011, pp. 55–56; Pesch 2015a, p. 357; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 62–63. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2141", "value_resource_id": 2141, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2141", "display_title": "GP0094", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/89d351acb925a49bbbc69ed6cd935473f2384af3.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0094.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2299", "value_resource_id": 2299, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2299", "display_title": "GP 253 Lärbro Stora Hammars I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d633dfb0db357f71c420b161a1e48e1024726ee9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0253", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2304", "value_resource_id": 2304, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2304", "display_title": "GP0258", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/77873047d434a760273ee33746e1e5a43285e370.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0258.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2244", "value_resource_id": 2244, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2244", "display_title": "GP 198 Hellvi Ire 7" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall mushroom-shaped late-type picture stone. Lindqvist regards the stone as an ʻAbschnittʼ C monument, dating to around AD 700. Those late-type picture stones (Type C/D) can only be roughly dated to the period between the 8th century (or rather around AD 800) and circa 1000. Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 46) assigns the stone to his Klintegruppe, which consists of only a few monuments from the parish of Klinte and which he regards as the best representative of a kind of picture stones typical for the southern part of Gotland, called Der südgutnische Kreis. The most characteristic feature of those monuments is the placement of the ship motif directly below the head field with the horseman. \n\nAccording to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type tall3, which occurs in his periods 5 (Early Viking Period), and 7 (Late Viking Period). Imer (2004, p. 104), however, dates monuments of this kind to the 9th or 10th century, while Varenius (1992, appendix 2), based on his analysis of the ship’s rigging (group II skepp med enkel rigg), dates it to the 7th–9th century. " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 46, 89–90; fig. 143; II, pp. 81–82; Hofmann 1957/58; Åkerström-Hougen 1981, pp. 275–276, 285; Vretemark 1983; Althaus 1993, p. 193; Raudvere 2004, p. 90, fig. 10; Oehrl 2010; 2012c; 2013a; 2014a; 2017b, p. 105, fig. 10a–c; 2018; 2020d; Grimm/Oehrl 2017. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1976:508" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinte 5:3" } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinte, Kirchspiel" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4744", "value_resource_id": 4744, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4744", "display_title": "3D model for GP0212", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "156" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nPåträffades 1929 i kanten av ett grustag norr om vägen Klinte-Visby. Enligt brev från 1930 påträffades GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III på samma plats något tidigare. Troligen kommer även GP 209-10 Klinte Hunninge I-II från samma område. Bildstenen flyttades efter fyndet till Klintebys park, där den stod redan 1934. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nI Klintebys park. \n\nBeskrivning \nHelt bevarad stor svampformig bildsten (period CD), 186 cm hög och som bredast 99 cm. Vittrad och övervuxen av lav. I det övre bildfältet en kvinna med bägare som, möter en ryttare med en jaktfågel. Över ryttare en hund och möjligen en fågel. I nästa bildfält ett skepp med segel och troligen besättningsmän. Under skeppet två hästar, troligen med ryttare och en gående person. Längst ned en rad av trianglar. \n\nDatering \nDateringen oklar, men den tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nVälkomstmotivet avbildar troligen en valkyria som mottar en död man i Valhall. Jaktfågelmotivet det äldsta i Skandinavien. \n\nAA " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2257", "value_resource_id": 2257, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2257", "display_title": "GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cb5d2c8af425bf47098bed0d220392ad0e0bdcce.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0211.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2256", "value_resource_id": 2256, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2256", "display_title": "GP 210 Klinte Hunninge II (Klinteberget)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c485b40065f70540d2e73913c274e8ef5773688c.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0210.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horsegear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "bird of prey" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "dog" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "bird" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "woman" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "drinking horn" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "human figure" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "quadruped" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "triangle" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "valkyrie" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6365286" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695350" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2257", "o:title": "GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2256", "o:title": "GP 210 Klinte Hunninge II (Klinteberget)" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2126", "o:title": "GP 79 Etelhem Järnvägslinje" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2142", "o:title": "GP 95 Garda kyrka 7" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2195", "o:title": "GP 149 Halla Broa IX" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2216", "o:title": "GP 170 Halla kyrka 5" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2607", "o:title": "GP 563 Väte kyrka 2" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2616", "o:title": "GP 572 Eksta kyrka" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2207", "o:title": "GP 161 Halla Broa III" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2208", "o:title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2433", "o:title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2576", "o:title": "GP 532 Träkumla kyrka 1" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2605", "o:title": "GP 561 Väte Gullarve" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2607", "o:title": "GP 563 Väte kyrka 2" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2435", "o:title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2177", "o:title": "GP 131 Hablingbo kyrka (I)" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2614", "o:title": "GP 570 Stenkyrka kyrkogården" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2616", "o:title": "GP 572 Eksta kyrka" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2257", "o:title": "GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2616", "o:title": "GP 572 Eksta kyrka" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4744", "o:title": "3D model for GP0212" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2283", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2283, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 237 Lojsta Fride", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/0ba837f3f80f451c3e9264cc77f9ab939e08a924.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/0ba837f3f80f451c3e9264cc77f9ab939e08a924.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0ba837f3f80f451c3e9264cc77f9ab939e08a924.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:13+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-22T09:24:39+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4260", "o:id": 4260 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4260", "o:id": 4260 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 237 Lojsta Fride" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0237" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "On a meadow near to the farmstead of Fride in Lojsta parish, lying close to a group of stone mounds (rösen). " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lojsta" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lojsta Fride" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Återfunnen på Storängen 100m SSÖ bostadshus. Sydväst om bokstaven F i ortsnamnet (Fride) på SGUs hemseblad" } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "Yes?" } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lojsta" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "In situ. Re-erected on a stone mound, probably a röse. " } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave" }, { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "In-Loco" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Ute" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 97) describes the find circumstances and location as follows: “This stone was found in 1918 by the gardener T.A. Lund in Storängen, when he laid out a garden, about 100 m south-south-west from the farmstead […]. It lay, with the obverse facing downwards, just below the surface. The obverse apparently was turned towards the northeast. Close by were several piles of stone – presumably stone settings of burials – and possibly there are more picture stones lying, fallen over and covered with earth. The picture stone under discussion here was re-erected and stands in its core original stone setting close to the finding place.” Obviously, the monument once was standing next to a group of three grave mounds (rösen) and after its discovery has been re-erected on one of them. The two other mounds are registered by RAÄ with the Lojsta 44:1–2. " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, about 35 cm thick. The total height is about 2 m, the one from the lower edge of the decoration is 147 cm. The width of the head is 85 cm, that of the neck 75 cm, and that of the base 100 cm. The obverse probably was even but is rather rough today due to weathering. The narrow sides are hewn at right angles towards the obverse and rounded towards the reverse, which is rough and unworked” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 97). The mushroom-shaped slab is completely preserved, however, its edges, in particular, those of the head, are abraded and partly damaged. The decoration, which is badly damaged due to weathering and very hard to discern, is executed with carved lines and faintly chiselled background fields. Lindqvist’s photo of the re-erected and painted stone (ibid. fig. 53) was taken by H. Faith-Ell in 1933 (cf. ATA 1718:19), a photo of the re-erected but still unpainted stone taken by Fredrik Nordin in 1919 is kept in ATA as well. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "200" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "100" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "35" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Even though the photograph of the painted monument taken by H. Faith-Ell (see V) shows poor but conclusive remains of the imagery, Lindqvist does not describe and nor even mention them. According to the painted version, the stone’s head is divided into two panels. While no images are recognizable in the upper panel, the lower field features a rough depiction of a horseman to the left and an undiscernible figure to the right, probably a welcome scene. In the image panel below, in the neck region of the monument, the legs of a horse and/or the legs of human figures and perhaps some raised swords can be identified in the right-hand half, and some indeterminable (human?) figures to the left. The lowermost image panel shows remains of a ship’s hull and keel, perhaps a steering oar, and a few insignificant traces of the rigging and the crew. The outline of a large rectangular sail is partly recognizable as well. The base of the stone depicts, just below the bottom line of the ship panel, remains of a row of waves with triple-looped crests, breaking to the right. The picture stone is framed by a border; however, its decoration is not discernable. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall mushroom-shaped late-type picture stone, Type C/D. The monuments of ʻAbschnittʼ C are dated by Lindqvist to the time around AD 700, the small group of Type D stones, which must be regarded as a subgroup of C rather than a separate type, he dates to the middle or the second half of the 8th century. According to recent research, however, those Type C/D picture stones can only be roughly dated to between the 8th and the 10th century. " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 97, fig. 453. " } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lojsta 44:3" } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lojsta, Fride" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4769", "value_resource_id": 4769, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4769", "display_title": "3D model for GP0237", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "fler/GP0237_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "170" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1918 vid trädgårdsarbete i Storängen, nära gården Fride. Vid fyndplatsen finns tre rösen, och bildstenen restes i ett av dessa rösen efter att den påträffades. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nI ett röse nära fyndplatsen. \n\nBeskrivning \nStor svampformig bildsten (period CD), 2 m hög och största bredd 1 m. Stenen är väderbiten, men svaga spår av bilder är bevarade. I den undre delen av stenen vågor, ett stort skepp med segel och manskap. Över skeppet finns spår av tre bildfält, det understa fältet innehåller benen till en häst och en människa och det mellersta bildfältet en ryttare och en otydlig figur, kanske en välkomstscen. I det övrsta bildfältet är bilderna försvunna. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "leg" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "human figure" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sword" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "oar" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6358049" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "704275" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6357999" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "704333" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4769", "o:title": "3D model for GP0237" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/196", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 196, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2283", "o:id": 2283 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.31953729925331, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.392618457846993, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2071", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2071, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 24 Ardre Petsarve II", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/046365db9c280a8f61fb8951889ce4c976337bba.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/046365db9c280a8f61fb8951889ce4c976337bba.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/046365db9c280a8f61fb8951889ce4c976337bba.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:08+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-08-25T11:39:09+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3950", "o:id": 3950 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3950", "o:id": 3950 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/2801", "o:id": 2801 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 24 Ardre Petsarve II" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0024" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/bfdf31f2-0958-4e1b-91ad-859233f79875", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Agricultural field, 200 (100?) m south of the farmstead Petsarve, Ardre parish (RAÄ Ardre 151:1). " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Agricultural Field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Ardre" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Ardre Petsarve" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Föremålskatalogen: \"Funnen vid plöjning 200 m söder om den nya petsarvegården i Ardre, norr om siffran 8 i 32,8 å generalstabens karta, söder om Ardre kyrka.\"" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Fornsalen" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Bildstenshallen" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Found about 1911 by the farmer Rudolf Strömbäck while ploughing a field about 200 m south of the farmstead to the south of the main road. The stone is said to have been toppled over in a northerly direction and lain with the image of the ship facing downwards” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 26). The distance of 200 m from the road is given in the inventory Fasta fornlämningar in Ardre parish (ATA), however, according to the RAÄ map (Ardre 151:1), it should be 100 m instead. " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, at the top 5 cm thick, at the foot 8 cm, at the root 10 cm. […] The narrow sides are divided from the broad sides by chamfers of widely varying width. Height 71 cm, 48 cm of which above the root. The width is 32 cm between the upper corners, 24 cm at the middle of the body, 26 cm at the base” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 26). The monument is completely preserved and undamaged, including its massive root. The most-decorated side (face A) is very flat and even, the also-decorated reverse (face B) quite rough and unsightly. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "55" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "35" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "7,5" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 26) describes the decoration as follows: “On both faces, the decoration is executed with carved lines, 3 to 5 mm wide. On one face [A], the field within the framing border, which features a simplified ʻtwisted cordʼ pattern, is divided in two parts about halfway up the body by a horizontal border, on the other [B], it is quartered by diagonal lines [forming a St. Andrew’s cross]. In the upper field on the former face [A], there is the image of a ship with abruptly rising stems and in the middle the schematized depiction of mast and sail (?).” The carvings are well preserved and discernable on both the photos of the painted and unpainted stone as well as Olof Sörling’s drawing from 1913 (ibid. I, figs. 57–58; fig. 314; cf. ATA 1648:59a–b; B3:48b; B3:48b [H. Faith-Ell 1933 and 1937]). " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The St. Andrew’s cross on face B has been regarded as a result of the influence of Continental Christian iconography. A diagonal cross decoration reminiscent of Christian symbolism is also depicted on GP 112 Gothem Bentebingels 2 and in particular GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes – see the pertinent article for more detailed information and interpretation. Christian influence on Type B picture stones is also discussed in the cases of deer depictions (for more details see GP 551 Väskinde Butter) and the aquatic bird motif (for more details see GP 276 När Rikvide I). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2159", "value_resource_id": 2159, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2159", "display_title": "GP 112 Gothem Bentebingels 2" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2320", "value_resource_id": 2320, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2320", "display_title": "GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e0add5767c325a39f10c38fe512d6ea8d2f234b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0274.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2595", "value_resource_id": 2595, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2595", "display_title": "GP 551 Väskinde Butter", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/57e158245e1d986790d9dc9f6dde9ca09c6e4e1d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0551.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2322", "value_resource_id": 2322, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2322", "display_title": "GP 276 När Rikvide (I)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1b5b3c485c44b0e4adee3bf9827f4d66c0d35674.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0276.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Middle-type picture stone, i.e., Type B according to Lindqvist, dating to between AD 500 and 700. The stone belongs to those Type B stones described by Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 38–39) as ʻdwarf stonesʼ with convex (in this case almost ogival) head and corners protruding horizontally. Lindqvist assigns GP 24 Ardre Petsarve II to his so-called Stenstugruppe (1941/42 I, pp. 37–38), which is characterized by the shape as well as depictions of aquatic birds in the lower field and a simple vessel (i.e., ships of the Rikvidetyp – ibid. I, p. 66) in the upper field of the stone. However, Lindqvist does not exclusively assign stones with bird depictions to this group. These monuments are frequently decorated on both sides. Lindqvist considers them to have been placed pairwise on graves. Good parallels to GP 24 Ardre Petsarve II, regarding shape and decoration, are GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes and GP 107 Gothem Västerbjärs. \n\nAccording to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012, p. 159) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type dwarf2, belonging to his period 2, which he dates to the Early Vendel Period. Varenius (1992, appendix 2) assigns the ship depiction on GP 24 Ardre Petsarve II to his group 2 (enkel rigg), which he dates to the period between the 7th and the 9th century. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2320", "value_resource_id": 2320, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2320", "display_title": "GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e0add5767c325a39f10c38fe512d6ea8d2f234b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0274.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2154", "value_resource_id": 2154, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2154", "display_title": "GP 107 Gothem Västerbjärs", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e5dafddc6893e5d1bee01a9409aeb5b1454e6cba.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0107.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "B" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 37, 66; figs. 57–58; II, p. 26, fig. 314; Böhner 1968, pp. 188–189; Varenius 1992, p. 62, fig. 18; Guber 2011, p. 111 cat. no. 4; Oehrl 2019a, p. 168. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1977:5085" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Ardre 151:1" } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Ardre, Petsarve II" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC1878" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4558", "value_resource_id": 4558, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4558", "display_title": "3D model for GP0024", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0024_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "18" } ], "ai2:limestoneType": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 325, "property_label": "Limestone Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "crinoid limestone" } ], "ai2:geologicalGroup": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 326, "property_label": "Geological Group", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hemse Group (40%)" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades omkring år 1911 vid plöjning av en åker cirka 100 till 200 m söder om gården, söder om en större väg. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museum, bildstenshallen \n\nBeskrivning \nEn helt bevarad dvärgsten (period B), 71 cm hög, varav 48 cm över roten. Bredden 32 cm i den övre delen, 24 cm i mitten och 26 cm vid basen. Bilder finns på båda sidor av stenen. På den ena sidan ett skepp och en schematisk framställning av en mast och ett segel. På den andra sidan ett Andreaskors. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, tillhör perioden 600-800-talen. \n\nTolkning \nAndreaskorset kan vara en influens från en kristen kontinental ikonografi. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "cross" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6365669" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "722489" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6393355" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "696536" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2154", "o:title": "GP 107 Gothem Västerbjärs" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2189", "o:title": "GP 143 Halla Broa I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2320", "o:title": "GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2154", "o:title": "GP 107 Gothem Västerbjärs" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2159", "o:title": "GP 112 Gothem Bentebingels 2" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2188", "o:title": "GP 142 Halla Broa VII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2620", "o:title": "GP 577 Anga Änggårda" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2159", "o:title": "GP 112 Gothem Bentebingels 2" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2320", "o:title": "GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2322", "o:title": "GP 276 När Rikvide (I)" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2411", "o:title": "GP 366 Stenkyrka kyrka VI" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2067", "o:title": "GP 20 Ardre kyrka VII" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2064", "o:title": "GP 17 Ardre kyrka V" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4558", "o:title": "3D model for GP0024" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/48", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 48, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2071", "o:id": 2071 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.37933371586782, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.701306442536747, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2294", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2294, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 248 Lärbro Källstäde", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/9245c42641d553334544ddbfa82aa6106e8fab2e.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/9245c42641d553334544ddbfa82aa6106e8fab2e.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/9245c42641d553334544ddbfa82aa6106e8fab2e.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:13+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-22T09:27:24+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4268", "o:id": 4268 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4268", "o:id": 4268 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 248 Lärbro Källstäde" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0248" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Probably one of the small grave fields near the farmsteads of Källstäde, Lärbro parish. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" }, { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Agricultural Field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lärbro" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lärbro Källstäde" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Återfunnen på åker där också en del hällkistor fanns.." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM Storage" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "There is little information about the find circumstances given in the catalogues of Statens Historiska Museum in Stockholm (cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 89): The stone was discovered in an agricultural field in which many stone settings with cists made of flat stone slabs had been found. The cists contained remains of uncremated skeletons. The actual find spot is unclear. However, the slab probably originates from one of the many (groups of) stone settings and small burial grounds (RAÄ Lärbro 232:1, 238:1, 241:1) in the proximity of the two farmsteads Lilla Källstäde and Stora Källstäde. The slab was donated to SHM in 1868 by the fabricant A. Bolinder. It was mentioned in Per Arvid Säveʼs Berättelser (1864, p. 337). In a drawing of the monument by Säve kept in Uppsala University Library (P.A. Säves techningar från Gotland, Lärbro no. 22, alvin-record186725), however, it is noted that it was found by Bolinder in 1865. The find was published in the newspaper Dagbladet 1869-01-05. " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, about 7 cm thick. The obverse is even, the narrow sides hewn at right angles towards the obverse. In between, there is an insignificant chamfer. The reverse is rough and unworked” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 89). The small picture stone is almost completely preserved. However, most of the root as well as the lower-right corner of the base are broken off. As can be seen from Per Arvid Säveʼs drawing (see IV), the stone slab was found together with a large broken part of the root, which is now lost. Including the remaining part of the root, the slab is about 1.40 m high. The decorated part of the slab is circa 1.05 m high. Between the corners of the head the stone is 0.7 m wide. The surface is weathered, in particular in the top field, but the quite distinctively carved main parts of the imagery are still well-discernible. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "140" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "70" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "7" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "The carvings are described by Lindqvist as follows (1941/42 II, p. 89): “On the whole, this stone is decorated with 1–2 mm wired, shallow lines. Also, the background fields were mostly chiseled. Inside of the framing border with a simplified two-stranded band pattern, there is a watercraft at the bottom of the panel, with steep, towering stems, of which at least the rear one is coiled in a spiral. The ship features a rudder and a square sail with checkered sailcloth in a frame of consistent width. Above the vessel, an object can be perceived that is difficult to interpret ([Fredrik Nordin] called it an axe, but if so, it likely is a double-edged axe). Probably, however, this is the depiction of a harp (cf. the well-known examples from Oberflacht) [cf. ibid. I, p. 88]. Further up, the vague remains of a symmetrical group of figures or ornaments may be made out.” Lindqvist only provides a photo of the unpainted stone, dating to 1933 (cf. ATA 1719:28, 2437:3–4). All described elements are well-discernable here. In the unpublished drawings by Säve (see IV) and Sörling (1911), ATA run- och bildstenssamling), the main elements are included as well. \n\nThe “symmetrical group of figures or ornaments” probably represents a pair of serpent-like creatures. The more-or-less axe-like object above the vessel, the right half of which probably features a rectangular opening and thus forms a kind of frame (as can also be seen on both drawings), can surely be regarded as a stringed instrument, a lyre (not a harp). Archaeological evidence for lyres of this sort is known from the 2nd to the 8th/9th centuries and has been found particularly in England, Germany, and the Netherlands (Bruce-Mitford 1983, pp. 611–727; Betz/Wanzeck 1999; Kolltveit 2000; Bischop 2002; Koch 2004). Most prominent are, for example, the complete instruments from the Alemannic row grave fields of Oberflacht (6th and first quarter of the 7th c.) (Paulsen 1992, pp. 147–155; figs. 126–127) and Trossingen (burial dated to AD 580) (Theune-Großkopf 2002; 2005; 2006; 2010), from a Frankish burial of high status underneath St. Severin in Cologne (early 8th c.) (Päffgen 1992 I, pp. 481–485; figs. 169–170; II, pp. 280–284; III, pl. 59:5), as well as the Anglo-Saxon royal burial at Sutton Hoo (7th c. [AD 624/625?]) (Bruce-Mitford 1970; 1983, pp. 611–727). There also are lyres or their components from the North (Bischop 2002): a bridge of a lyre was found at Birka (9th c.) (Salmen 1970, p. 8, fig. 1:3), a lyre yoke in Hedeby (11th c.) (Lawson 1984), and two fragments of bridges at Wurt Elisenhof near Tönning (8th c.) (Salmen 1970, pp. 7–8; fig. 1:4; pl. 3,1–2). From Gotland, two examples are known: an amber bridge from the ‘chief’s grave’ at Broa in Halla parish (8th c.) (Reimers 1980) and a bronze bridge from Gerete, Fardhem parish (Vedin 2007). \n\nAnother depiction of a lyre can be seen on the Type C/D picture stone fragment GP 34 Boge Laxarve 2 – the fragmented, more-or-less rectangular object with vertical stripes at the ship’s bow must be regarded as a stringed instrument. Apparently, the musical instrument is carried along in a war ship. \n\nIn the 1950s, Karl Hauck examined Lärbro Källstäde by means of a latex cast and tried to detect further carvings. His drawing of the stone (which he never published) documents several astonishing results – sun symbols in the corners of the head, a human figure with splayed legs (comparable to the figure on GP 281 När Smiss 3) in the top field, a pair of giant serpents, and two warriors, one with horned headgear and one with a wolfʼs head (as on the Vendel Period Pressblech plates from Torslunda, Öland) on both sides of the ship (Oehrl 2019a, pl. 35d). In 2010, Laila Kitzler Åhfeldt and Sigmund Oehrl checked Hauckʼs results on the basis of 3D modelling. Actually, some faint and scattered remains of further carvings to the right and to the left of the vessel could be verified (ibid. pls. 62c–f). However, the great majority of elements added by Hauck are without foundation and must be rejected (ibid. pp. 94, 286, 288). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2081", "value_resource_id": 2081, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2081", "display_title": "GP 34 Boge Laxarve 2", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1d99613c087fb6dce266610f1c529e77300c50a5.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0034.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2327", "value_resource_id": 2327, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2327", "display_title": "GP 281 När Smiss 3", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7f4fc9d6b1b4a8a3349e76bc462a8ff85a1d3e2b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0281.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation. However, Oehrl stresses that the lyre had its Sitz im Leben (context) within the lifestyle of a martial aristocracy, associated with heroic poetry. More comprehensively: Oehrl 2019a, pp. 259–262. " } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Middle-type picture stone, i.e., Type B according to Lindqvist, dating to between AD 500 and 700. The stone belongs to the group of Type B stones with convex head and pronounced corners, which protrude horizontally. With a height of 105 cm above ground, the slab represents one of the tallest Type B picture stones and cannot really be called a dwarf stone. Lindqvist does not assign the monument to a certain group. Varenius (1992, p. 63, appendix 2) assigns the ship depiction on Lärbro Källstäde to his group 2 (enkel rigg), which he dates to the period between the 7th and the 9th century. According to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012, p. 159) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type dwarf2, belonging to his period 2, which he dates to the Early Vendel Period. The archaeological evidence for lyres of the depicted kind is known from the 2nd to the 8th/9th centuries (see VI). " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" }, { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "B (ca. 500-700)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 66, 73, 88, fig. 43; II, p. 89; Lund 1981, p. 255; Henschen-Nyman 1984; Varenius 1992, p. 63, fig. 27; Kolltveit 2000, p. 19, fig. 1; Gustavson 2008, p. 37, fig. 1; Guber 2011, p. 134 cat. no. 50; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 74, 94, 228, 260, 286, 288, pls. 35d, 62c–f, 63a–b. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lärbro, Källstäde" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4780", "value_resource_id": 4780, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4780", "display_title": "3D model for GP0248", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0248_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "176" } ], "ai2:shmID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 311, "property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "4051" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nPåträffades 1865 i en åker med många stensättningar nära gården Källstäde. Donerades till Statens historiska museum 1868. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStatens Historiska Museum, magasinet i Tumba. \n\nBeskrivning \nHelt bevarad dvärgsten (period B), 140 cm hög och som bredast 70 cm. Kantdekor och på den nedre delen av stenen ett skepp med segel. Över skeppet ett svårdefinierat föremål, kanske en lyra, samt några ormlika varelser. \n\nDatering \nDateringen oklar, men den tillhör perioden 500-600-talen. \n\nTolkning \nLyrmotivet kan knytas till heroisk skaldediktning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "lyre" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "axe" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "serpent (and see note)" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6581391" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "675775" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2081", "o:title": "GP 34 Boge Laxarve 2" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2227", "o:title": "GP 181 Hejdeby Råby" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2238", "o:title": "GP 192 Hejnum Mallgårds 2" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2272", "o:title": "GP 226 Källunge kyrka 8" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2081", "o:title": "GP 34 Boge Laxarve 2" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4780", "o:title": "3D model for GP0248" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2319", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2319, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 273 Norrlanda Bjärs", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": null, "medium": null, "square": null }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:14+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-11T11:04:24+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": null, "o:media": [], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 273 Norrlanda Bjärs" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0273" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/9e143d97-8a40-4c9d-a808-b22b91012df6", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Incorporated into a stone enclosure (vast) on the property of the farm ʻBjärs (Bjers) gårdʼ in Norrlanda parish (RAÄ Norrlanda 117:1). " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Private Property" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Norrlanda" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Norrlanda Bjers" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Funnen på Lillänge sydväst om gården vid uppodling av änget 1935." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Norrlanda" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The open-air museum ʻNorrlanda fornstugaʼ in Burs, Norrlanda parish. " } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Other" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Ute" } ], "ai2:presentLocationNote": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 294, "property_label": "Context Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Norrlanda fornstuga inventarienummer 96." } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "“This picture stone was found in 1935 by the primary school teacher Emil Norrby while cultivating a meadow on the piece of land called ‘Lilläng’, which belongs to Bjärs farm, several stone’s throws [i.e., circa 150 m] southwest of the farmstead, in a row of grass-covered boulders and unhewn stones that once formed an enclosure” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 105). Norrby removed the stone from the stone enclosure (vast) and donated it to the recently established small open-air museum ʻNorrlanda fornstugaʼ in Burs, which is situated about 1.3 km northwest of the find spot. The stone is still on exhibition there and kept indoors. All information about the discovery, restoration, and destination of the picture stone are documented by letters kept in ATA (dnr 3303–3305/35; 2160/37; 3668/37). " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "When it was discovered, the stone was broken into three pieces – the upper piece represented the stone’s head as well as parts of its neck and upper body, the middle fragment represented the monument’s lower image field, and the lower piece the base as well as the massive foot-like root. One piece, broken off the stone’s upper right edge, including the right corner of the head, is lost. Another small piece is broken off the stone’s left edge. The three fragments were assembled in the open-air museum in 1937 by drilling holes into the stones and connecting them with iron rods and concrete. The broken part at the left edge of the head was reconstructed. A photo of the reconstructed and painted stone is provided by Lindqvist (1941/42 II, fig. 469; cf. ATA 1820:19), and a photo of the reconstructed but unpainted monument, on which both breaks are visible, is kept in ATA. \n\nLindqvist describes the stone as follows: “Limestone slab, about 5 cm thick above the root. The root itself is up to 10 cm thick. The decorated face is hewn above the root. This also applies to the narrow sides across their width of 4 cm. The narrow sides are divided from the decorated broad side by a chamfer. The reverse is rough and uneven. The stone’s total height is 115 cm, between the top and the lower edge of the decoration, it is 81 cm. At the base (at the bottommost part of the decoration), the stone is 42.5 cm wide, half-way up (or as far upwards as possible now for an exact measurement), the stone has a width of 42.5 cm. Between the corners (according to the reconstruction) and on a level with the ship’s hull, the width is 51.5 cm” (1941/42 II, p. 105). " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "115" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "51" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "The stone was painted by M. Stenberger in 1937. The stone is framed by a border with a geometrical pattern, namely a more sophisticated and elaborate version of the geometricized twisted cord pattern that is typical for middle-type picture stones. The decorated surface is divided by a wide horizontal border, which features a geometric step pattern, as well. In the upper field, a simple ship image can be seen, with towering stems that sharply bend inwards, a mast, and a small rectangular sail. The lower image field is filled by a rhombic grid pattern. There is a group of middle-type picture stones that depict a similar rhombic-pattern (see IX), which have been proposed to represent (symbolise) a ship’s sail, which is not entirely convincing (Guber 2011, p. 67). " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Middle-type picture stone, i.e., Type B according to Lindqvist, dating to between AD 500 and 700. The stone belongs to those Type B stones described by Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 38–39) as ʻdwarf stonesʼ with convex head and corners protruding horizontally. Lindqvist assigns Norrlanda Bjärs to his so-called Stenstugruppe (1941/42 I, pp. 37–38), which is characterized by the shape as well as depictions of aquatic birds in the lower and a simple vessel (i.e., ships of the Rikvidetyp – ibid. I, p. 66) in the upper field of the stone. However, Lindqvist does not exclusively assign stones with bird depictions to this group. The monuments of the Stenstugruppe are frequently decorated on both sides, unlike Norrlanda Bjärs. Lindqvist considers them to have been placed pairwise on graves. \n\nThe rhombic pattern in the lower field is similar to GP 193 Hellvi Ire III; GP 340 Sanda Sandegårda I; GP 354 Sjonhem Lilla Sojvide; and GP 92 Gammelgarn Rommunds. The best parallel to the Norrlanda stone’s elaborate version of the geometricized interlace pattern is GP 142 Halla Broa VII. \n\nAccording to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012, p. 159) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type dwarf3, belonging to his period 3, which he dates to the Middle Vendel Period. Varenius (1992, p. 58, appendix 2) assigns the ship depiction on Norrlanda Bjärs to his group II (skepp med enkel rigg), which he dates to the period between the 7th and the 9th century. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2239", "value_resource_id": 2239, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2239", "display_title": "GP 193 Hellvi Ire III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e57cf8c7b3bbf101018d9f41c6bd0b096c3af4f4.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0193.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2385", "value_resource_id": 2385, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2385", "display_title": "GP 340 Sanda Sandegårda I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/5fbacd99c3919284cf35f545a981332bbed772f9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0340.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2399", "value_resource_id": 2399, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2399", "display_title": "GP 354 Sjonhem Lilla Sojvide", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0f3ebc27ee5054462ce6a7a794d9a039f24ea87d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0354B.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2139", "value_resource_id": 2139, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2139", "display_title": "GP 92 Gammelgarn Rommunds" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2188", "value_resource_id": 2188, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2188", "display_title": "GP 142 Halla Broa VII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/36dee40d0be3bf69d7d02ddeae65e03af68ad958.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0142.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "B (ca. 500-700)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 66, 116; II, p. 105, fig. 469; Guber 2011, p. 137 cat. no. 56. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1976:8722" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Norrlanda 117:1" } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Norrlanda, Bjärs" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4804", "value_resource_id": 4804, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4804", "display_title": "3D model for GP0273", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0273_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "197" } ], "ai2:otherID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 333, "property_label": "Other ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Norrlanda Fornstuga no. 96" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1935 i en övergiven stengärdesgård vid uppodling av Lilläng tillhörande gården Bjärs. Upphittaren donerade bildstenen till Norrlanda fornstuga. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nNorrlanda fornstuga i Burs i Norrlanda församling. Bildstenen var bruten i tre delar, men samlades till en sten på Norrlanda fornstuga 1937. \n\nBeskrivning \nLiten bildsten (period B) bruten i tre delar, som samlades 1937. Längd 115 cm, största bredd 51,5 cm. Bildstenen omfattar två bildfält, det övre ett skepp, med mast och litet segel, det nedre ett rombiskt nätmönster. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, men tillhör perioden 500-600-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6381141" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "721623" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6381957" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "720091" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2621", "o:title": "GP 578 Alva änge" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2139", "o:title": "GP 92 Gammelgarn Rommunds" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2323", "o:title": "GP 277 När Rikvide 2" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2337", "o:title": "GP 291 Unknown Find Spot" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2399", "o:title": "GP 354 Sjonhem Lilla Sojvide" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2239", "o:title": "GP 193 Hellvi Ire III" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2295", "o:title": "GP 249 Lärbro Norder-Ire I" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4804", "o:title": "3D model for GP0273" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/213", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 213, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2319", "o:id": 2319 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.51844949277758, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.700934242854032, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2322", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2322, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 276 När Rikvide (I)", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/1b5b3c485c44b0e4adee3bf9827f4d66c0d35674.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/1b5b3c485c44b0e4adee3bf9827f4d66c0d35674.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1b5b3c485c44b0e4adee3bf9827f4d66c0d35674.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:14+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-17T10:49:18+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4290", "o:id": 4290 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4290", "o:id": 4290 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 276 När Rikvide (I)" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0276" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/54a4d220-edc7-470c-ae7d-12a90e998cec", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Probably the burial ground at Rikvide/Rikviderör in När parish (RAÄ När 6:1). " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "När" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "När Rikvide" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenen hittades liggande över en grav med brända ben. År 1826 infördes den av N.J. Ekdahls till SHM. Sannolikt har graven ingått i gravfältet, till nr 6." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "Yes" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Historiska Museet" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 104) notes briefly that “[t]his stone was found over a grave with burnt bones. N. J. Ekdahl brought it to SHM in 1826.” Probably, the stone originates from the large burial ground south of Rikvide farm (RAÄ När 6:1). It covers an area of circa 475 x 170 m (NE–SW), including properties of Rikvide, Rikviderör, Smiss and Hallbjärs, and features about 800 circular stone settings, only a few of which have been excavated and could be dated to the Vendel and Viking Periods (Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 III:2, p. 625; IV:2, pp. 550–554). Including those graves, which have been destroyed, the total number could be more than 1000. Only very small parts of the cemetery have been investigated; however, some loose finds have been collected in the course of the decades. There are also two gravklot (large spherical stones) and more picture stones (GP 277 När Rikvide 2, GP 283 När Smiss II and GP 281 När Smiss 3) originating from the grave field. GP 280 När Smiss I was found near the farmstead of Smiss, not far from the grave field, next to a group of robbed grave mounds. \n\nThe stone from När Rikvide I represents the very first Gotlandic picture stone that was delivered to SHM in Stockholm, where it is still on exhibition today (Warncke 1987a, p. 38). Apparently, the pastor and historian Nils Johan Ekdahl, who prompted the transfer to the museum in 1826, was the first person to recognize the antiquarian significance of these monuments (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 9; Lamm 2012, p. 26). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2323", "value_resource_id": 2323, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2323", "display_title": "GP 277 När Rikvide 2", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e7d811ccb7e8a8044763bfc789347029863ff646.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0277.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2329", "value_resource_id": 2329, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2329", "display_title": "GP 283 När Smiss II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/39ad331b92a6baf46d7994b7671fb61c18bad312.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0283.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2327", "value_resource_id": 2327, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2327", "display_title": "GP 281 När Smiss 3", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7f4fc9d6b1b4a8a3349e76bc462a8ff85a1d3e2b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0281.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2326", "value_resource_id": 2326, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2326", "display_title": "GP 280 När Smiss I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/2a1dc7da59386303aa351e00c9aa65be30cacc36.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0280.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, on average 6–7 cm thick. The obverse is slightly curved, but in large parts planed down by chiselling. In several places, however, there are deeper and severely weathered areas that might provide an impression of the stone block’s original appearance before it was hewn and carved into a picture stone. The narrow sides are levelled and form a right angle to both obverse and reverse. They are separated from the obverse by a carelessly executed chamfer of maximum 1 cm width. The reverse is rough and unworked. The height of the stone is 60 cm, the maximum width is 47 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 104). The small picture stone is almost completely preserved. A small part at the top and the lower right corner of the slab are broken off, the root is missing. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "60" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "47" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "7" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "The carvings are described by Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 104) in great detail: “Generally, this stone is decorated with thin lines, carved 1–2 mm deep. The crosslines within the bordering [forming the typical step pattern, which probably represents a geometrized twisted cord], however, are wider and have rounded bases. At the very top of the image panel, a watercraft can be seen, with high stems, steering oar, and a small rectangular sail. Below it, there are two long-necked birds, facing each other. In the drawing by [Olof Sörling from 1909], each of the birds appears to have two legs, each formed by a vertical line with one or two crosslines (toes) pointing forwards or backwards [Lindqvist 1941/42 II, fig. 466; cf. ATA 2440:16]. At several places, however, it becomes apparent that the person who wielded the chisel here, whenever there was need to break a line to make an angle, out of neglect would extend the lines a bit beyond the point of intersection, for instance, both lines of the arm. This likely also applies to the carving of the bird’s legs; the stonemason probably intended to show only one leg for each bird, and this is represented by an upright-standing rectangle. Each aquatic bird depicted on the stone features a massive body, a pointed tail, a long neck with a tiny head, and short legs. Most probably, they represent a goose or perhaps a swan. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "It has been argued that Continental models and Christian imagery influenced the iconography of the Type B dwarf stones. This refers above all to the waterfowl, in particular, those that appear in facing pairs. The currently known Type B monuments featuring single or pairs of aquatic birds are the following: GP 10 Alva St. Ringome (two birds and ship), GP 96 Garda Smiss I (bird and ship), GP 142 Halla Broa VII (bird and ship), GP 129 Hablingbo Stenstu (two birds and ship), GP 165 Halla Broa XVII (two birds), GP 200 Hemse Lindvide (two birds), GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes (bird, cross symbols, ship), GP 276 När Rikvide I (two birds and ship), GP 277 När Rikvide 2 (two birds and rhombic pattern), and the Type B dwarf stone found in Grobin, Latvia (two birds) (Petrenko 1991; Lamm 1991; Lamm/Nylén 2003, pp. 210–211). \n\nThe bird motif probably recalls depictions on late Roman and early medieval gravestones (Lindqvist 1941/1942 I, p. 40; Böhner 1968, pp. 187–190, figs. 92–93; 1989, pp. 458–460, fig. 19; Oehrl 2010a, pp. 31–32; 2019a, pp. 25, 54, 168; 2020d, p. 150; in print b) – Images of facing pairs of pigeons frequently occur on early Christian tombstones of Rome, mostly with a Christian cross, the Christogram or a small tree (the tree of paradise arbor vitae) between both birds. Those monuments have been adapted by early medieval Gallo-Frankish stone carvers, especially in the Rhineland (Böhner 1958, pls. 69–75; Engemann/Rüger 1991, pp. 76–77 no. 15, figs. 43, pp. 79–80 no. 17, figs. 45, pp. 81–82 no. 18, figs. 46, pp. 86–87 no. 21, figs. 49, pp. 87–89 no. 23, figs. 52, pp. 118–120 no. 39, figs. 71; Ristow 2007, cat. no. 93, pls. 40, 57, 75). Good examples of those stones depicting pigeons and the monogram of Christ or other cross signs, dating to between the 5th and 7th centuries, are the gravestones of Arcadius from St. Paulin in Trier, a gable-shaped stone from St. Maximin in Trier, of Mauricius from Kobern-Gondorf, of Besontio in St. Severus in Boppard and of Rignedrudis from Brühl in Nordrhein-Westfalen (Engemann/Rüger 1991, pp. 118–120 no. 39, fig. 71; Ristow 2007, p. 270, cat. no. 93, pls. 75a, 40). \n\nHowever, not only the facing pair of birds but also the sign of the cross and the Christogram seem to have been imitated by Gotlandic stone masons (Böhner 1968, p. 188) – a ship and diagonal cross decoration, which is reminiscent of Christian symbolism, is depicted, for instance, on the stones GP 24 Ardre Petsarve II and GP 112 Gothem Bentebingels 2; cross decoration and a small framed St. Andrew’s cross in combination with an aquatic bird can be seen on the picture stone GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes. \n\nIn early Christian sepulchral iconography in the Catacombs of Rome, the pigeon symbolizes the human soul (Poeschke 1972, col. 242). The pairs of birds on the ancient and early medieval gravestones can be regarded as representations of the deceased, signifying the cross or the arbor vitae, which refers to salvation and entering paradise (Sühling 1930). \n\nThere are more parallels between early medieval Christian memorial stones and the Gotlandic Type B picture stones. The typical border decoration consisting of a primitive step pattern (representing a geometrized twisted cord pattern), which occurs on most Type B monuments, can also be observed frequently on early medieval stone sculpture of the Rhineland (Böhner 1968, p. 188), e.g., on the prominent Frankish grave stone from Niederdollendorf, dating to the 7th century (Böhner 1944–1950, pp. 63–75; 2002). Furthermore, during ʻAbschnittʼ B, a new kind of picture stone appears, called cist stone by Lindqvist, representing small gable-like slabs with a wave-shaped upper edge. According to Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 40, 47–48, 58–61; 1964, pp. 42–84), they were used either pairwise representing grave markers or in a group of four that form cist-shaped (grave or sacrificial) monuments. Obviously, the characteristic shape of these stones can be traced back to Late Roman and early Christian sepulchral stones (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, fig. 216–217). \n\nThe aquatic birds are not the only animal motifs on Type B picture stones which are connected with Christian iconography. The Type B stone from GP 74 Endre skog depicts a red deer and a serpent. On the Type B stone GP 551 Väskinde Butter a red deer stag can be seen who is sucking in and eating a serpent (Oehrl 2019a, pp. 163–168, pls. 166a–167e). The deer, which is fighting, trampling down and, in particular, eating a serpent represents a widespread motif in ancient and medieval Christian literary tradition and iconography. \n\nAs a result, the Continental connections of the Type B stones and the Christian origin of their imagery appear obvious. On this basis, it could even be argued that there have been early Christian communities on Gotland as early as during the 6th and 7th centuries. More probably, however, the Gotlandic stone masons were influenced and inspired by Continental traditions but rather re-interpreted their models and adapted them to their own world of ideas. They certainly re-interpreted the pigeons, who represented the deceased in paradise, in a pre-Christian Scandinavian context, with regard to their own eschatological beliefs and ideas of the afterlife, transforming them into Baltic waterfowl (Hauck 1982, 259–260; Böhner 1989, 46; Oehrl 2010, pp. 31–32; 2012a, p. 96; 2015b, p. 223; 2019a, 54–55; 2020d, pp. 149–150; in print). \n\nWhat those aquatic birds in their Scandinavian Pre-Christian context represent becomes more understandable after considering a small group of water birds depicted on Viking Age picture stones. The afterlife journey and the arrival in the world of the dead seem to be the main topics in the imagery of the Type C/D picture stones (see in detail GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III), and in the context of this eschatological iconography, aquatic birds occur, probably representing valkyries in the shape of swans, accompanying and guiding the dead, see in detail GP 341 Sanda kyrka I, GP 91 Fröjel Bottarve, and GP 120 Grötlingbo Barshaldershed 6. Against this background, it appears plausible that the frequent depictions of aquatic birds on the Type B dwarf stones represent valkyries as well, along with the ship of the dead. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2057", "value_resource_id": 2057, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2057", "display_title": "GP 10 Alva St. Ringome", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/728633d0bd843878836a149ce6061363699dc9fa.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GF_Alva_foto_kyrka_prästgård_allmänt_gårdar_A-Ö_Ringome.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2143", "value_resource_id": 2143, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2143", "display_title": "GP 96 Garda Smiss I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/9fc3378f5668f1b59f2a0b1a8ce936c678bb642e.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0096.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2188", "value_resource_id": 2188, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2188", "display_title": "GP 142 Halla Broa VII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/36dee40d0be3bf69d7d02ddeae65e03af68ad958.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0142.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2175", "value_resource_id": 2175, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2175", "display_title": "GP 129 Hablingbo Stenstu", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7bc24655edcb7c1e6d00e73d8f868acb2c0314d2.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0129.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2211", "value_resource_id": 2211, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2211", "display_title": "GP 165 Halla Broa XVII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/6cfb6a1cb1b3bf057cb5b3b11772938897010fa4.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0165.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2246", "value_resource_id": 2246, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2246", "display_title": "GP 200 Hemse Lindvide" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2320", "value_resource_id": 2320, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2320", "display_title": "GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e0add5767c325a39f10c38fe512d6ea8d2f234b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0274.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2323", "value_resource_id": 2323, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2323", "display_title": "GP 277 När Rikvide 2", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e7d811ccb7e8a8044763bfc789347029863ff646.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0277.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2071", "value_resource_id": 2071, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2071", "display_title": "GP 24 Ardre Petsarve II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/046365db9c280a8f61fb8951889ce4c976337bba.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0024.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2159", "value_resource_id": 2159, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2159", "display_title": "GP 112 Gothem Bentebingels 2" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2121", "value_resource_id": 2121, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2121", "display_title": "GP 74 Endre skog", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/385997197feacf40f30834dbce85a832140ead51.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0074.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2595", "value_resource_id": 2595, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2595", "display_title": "GP 551 Väskinde Butter", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/57e158245e1d986790d9dc9f6dde9ca09c6e4e1d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0551.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2386", "value_resource_id": 2386, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2386", "display_title": "GP 341 Sanda kyrka I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b0a22f8bf7599dea66636e834db9b3016d8d9552.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0341.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2138", "value_resource_id": 2138, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2138", "display_title": "GP0091", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f013e0b5d4e9c4283dfc8b692e086a18f1d35595.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0091.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2167", "value_resource_id": 2167, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2167", "display_title": "GP0120", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/46171aa284fae7eec4ddcc269eca31cbc0e70fd9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0120.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Middle-type picture stone, i.e., Type B according to Lindqvist, dating between AD 500 and 700. The stone belongs to those Type B stones described by Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 37) as dwarf stones with convex but rather flat arched head and pronounced corners, which protrude horizontally. He assigns När Rikvide I to his so-called Stenstugruppe (ibid.), which is in particular characterized by depictions of aquatic birds in the lower or a simple vessel (i.e., ships of the Rikvidetyp – ibid. I, p. 66) in the upper field of the stone. Those monuments are frequently decorated on both sides. Lindqvist considers them to have been placed pairwise on graves. Varenius (1992, p. 63, appendix 2) assigns the ship depiction on När Rikvide I to his group 2 (enkel rigg), which he dates to the period between the 7th and 9th centuries. Based on the shape of the stone, however, Lindqvist regards it as an early specimen of Type B (1941/42 I, p. 115). " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "B (ca. 500-700)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 9, 37, 66, 70, 115, fig. 35; II, p. 104, fig. 466; Böhner 1968, pp. 188–189; 1987, p. 460; Varenius 1992, p. 63, fig. 20; Guber 2011, p. 138 cat. no. 58; Oehrl 2010a, p. 31, pl. IX:22; 2019a, pp. 2, 32, 168, pl. 26a; 2020c, pp. 149–150, fig. 32; in print b. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1976:5422" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "När 134:1" } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "När, Rikvide" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4807", "value_resource_id": 4807, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4807", "display_title": "3D model for GP0276", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0276_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "202" } ], "ai2:shmID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 311, "property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "484:77" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nPåträffades före 1826 över en brandgrav på det stora gravfältet söder om gården Rikvide. Överlämnades till Statens Historiska Museum 1826, såsom den första gotländska bildstenen. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStatens historiska Museum, i utställningen \n\nBeskrivning \nNästan helt bevarad dvärgsten (period B), 60 cm hög och som bredast 47 cm. Överst på stenen ett skepp med ett litet segel och under skeppet två motställda sjöfåglar (gäss? svanar?) \n\nDatering \nDateringen oklar, men tillhör perioden 500-600-talen. \n\nTolkning \nSjöfågelmotivet har förebilder i kristen kontinental ikonografi. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "oar" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waterfowl" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "neck" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "goose" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "swan" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6351099" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "720870" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6581391" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "675775" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:interpretations": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2057", "o:title": "GP 10 Alva St. Ringome" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2071", "o:title": "GP 24 Ardre Petsarve II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2143", "o:title": "GP 96 Garda Smiss I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2159", "o:title": "GP 112 Gothem Bentebingels 2" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2175", "o:title": "GP 129 Hablingbo Stenstu" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2188", "o:title": "GP 142 Halla Broa VII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2211", "o:title": "GP 165 Halla Broa XVII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2246", "o:title": "GP 200 Hemse Lindvide" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2320", "o:title": "GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2323", "o:title": "GP 277 När Rikvide 2" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2595", "o:title": "GP 551 Väskinde Butter" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2067", "o:title": "GP 20 Ardre kyrka VII" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2323", "o:title": "GP 277 När Rikvide 2" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2324", "o:title": "GP 278 När Bosarve" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2325", "o:title": "GP 279 När Mickelgårds" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2329", "o:title": "GP 283 När Smiss II" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2057", "o:title": "GP 10 Alva St. Ringome" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2143", "o:title": "GP 96 Garda Smiss I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2175", "o:title": "GP 129 Hablingbo Stenstu" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2188", "o:title": "GP 142 Halla Broa VII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2211", "o:title": "GP 165 Halla Broa XVII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2246", "o:title": "GP 200 Hemse Lindvide" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2323", "o:title": "GP 277 När Rikvide 2" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2057", "o:title": "GP 10 Alva St. Ringome" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2211", "o:title": "GP 165 Halla Broa XVII" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4807", "o:title": "3D model for GP0276" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/214", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 214, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2322", "o:id": 2322 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.24950704551935, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.66141204430778, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2335", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2335, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 289 Unknown Find Spot", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/2c4fa6828a65cf42196d1665be168f7b4ac81b93.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/2c4fa6828a65cf42196d1665be168f7b4ac81b93.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/2c4fa6828a65cf42196d1665be168f7b4ac81b93.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:14+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-08-26T10:40:40+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4302", "o:id": 4302 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4302", "o:id": 4302 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 289 Unknown Find Spot" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0289" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Unknown" } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Unknown" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Unknown" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment was found in storage at Gotlands Museum without bearing an inventory number or further information. " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment is triangular, its side lengths are 31, 39 and approximately 50 cm. The piece is up to 14 cm thick. The shortest side of the triangle preserves the original lateral edge of the picture stone. The edge between the obverse and the narrow side is slightly rounded; the narrow side is not hewn entirely at right angles to the obverse, but slightly slanted towards the back of the monument. The decorated surface is essentially even, but heavily textured, rough and somewhat unsightly. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "39" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "31" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "14" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "customvocab:10", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Remains of a border can be surmised on the preserved edge. Immediately adjacent to it is a field in which small remnants of a faintly carved and somewhat weathered diamond pattern can be seen. At least six more-or-less complete diamonds and remnants of some others are visible. They certainly belonged to the sail of a ship depiction. At the bottom and top, the diamond field is disturbed by the diagonal broken edge; on the opposite side, it ends with a horizontal line. On the other side of this line, further unclear structures are visible, which could be parts of another image panel, a horizontal border or parts of the ship. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment belongs to a late-type picture stone, “Abschnitt” C–E according to Lindqvist’s typology. The simple stone carving technique speaks more for a type C/D stone, dating to the period between the 8th and 10th centuries. " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Unclear" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" }, { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "E (ca. 1000-1150)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "No references" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC11038" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4820", "value_resource_id": 4820, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4820", "display_title": "3D model for GP0289", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0289_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "365" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats\nOkänd\n\nNuvarande lokalisering\nGotlands museums magasin på Visborgsslätt\n\nBeskrivning\nTresidigt fragment av svampformig bildsten (period C/D), med måtten 31, 39 och 50 cm. Spår av kantdekor och segel.\n\nInskrift\nIngen inskrift\n\nDatering\nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, men tillhör perioden cirka 700-900-talen.\n\nTolkning\nIngen tolkning.\n\nAA" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4820", "o:title": "3D model for GP0289" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2337", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2337, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 291 Unknown Find Spot", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/ddc8634baa92b320354fa1dbdf598a4350b0314f.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/ddc8634baa92b320354fa1dbdf598a4350b0314f.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ddc8634baa92b320354fa1dbdf598a4350b0314f.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:14+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-08-26T10:41:52+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4304", "o:id": 4304 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4304", "o:id": 4304 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 291 Unknown Find Spot" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0291" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Unknown" } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Unknown" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Unknown" } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment was found in storage at Gotlands Museum without bearing an inventory number. " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment represents most of the head of a small picture stone with slightly convex upper edge, including its left protruding corner. The limestone slab is 37 wide, 22 high, and 4 thick. The carvings are quite deep and well-preserved, no traces of weathering. The preserved upper edge is damaged, a small piece broken off. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "37" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "24" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "5,5" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "customvocab:10", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "The stone is decorated on both sides. It is framed by a border with a geometrical pattern, namely a more sophisticated and elaborate version of the geometricized twisted cord pattern that is typical for middle-type picture stones. The remaining part of the upper image field preserves about the left half of a simple ship with towering stems that sharply bend inwards, a simple linear mast, and a small square sail. A small triangle or spike rising from the gunwale appears to represent a crewmember. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Middle-type picture stone, which means a Type B ʻdwarf stoneʼ, dating between AD 500 and 700. As far as can be assumed, the small fragment originates from a Type B stone featuring a slightly convex head with corners protruding horizontally. The best parallels to the stone’s elaborate version of the geometricized interlace pattern are GP 273 Norrlanda Bjärs and GP 142 Halla Broa VII. The Norrlanda stone, which belongs to Lindqvist’s Stenstugruppe, features a similar ship depiction in the head section, with similarly inward-angled stems and a square sail. The monuments of the Stenstugruppe are frequently decorated on both sides; Lindqvist considers them to have been placed pairwise on graves. The depiction of stylized crewmembers (see VI) is an unusual feature among the middle-type picture stones, cf. GP 216 Kräklingbo Smiss I. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2319", "value_resource_id": 2319, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2319", "display_title": "GP 273 Norrlanda Bjärs" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2188", "value_resource_id": 2188, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2188", "display_title": "GP 142 Halla Broa VII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/36dee40d0be3bf69d7d02ddeae65e03af68ad958.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0142.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2262", "value_resource_id": 2262, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2262", "display_title": "GP 216 Kräklingbo Smiss I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f956193a42eb52109d92bf802911eb716cbc5105.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0216.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "B (ca. 500-700)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Guber 2011, p. 159 cat. no. 100. " } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC11045" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4822", "value_resource_id": 4822, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4822", "display_title": "3D model for GP0291", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0291_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "367" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats\nOkänd\n\nNuvarande lokalisering\nGotlands museum, magasinet på Visborgsslätt.\n\nBeskrivning\nFragment av dvärgsten (period B), 22 cm hög och 37 cm bred. Kantdekor och delar av ett skepp med mast och litet segel samt en liten tiangel.\n\nDatering\nDateringen oklar, men tillhör perioden 500-600-talen.\n\nTolkning\nIngen tolkning.\n\nAA" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4822", "o:title": "3D model for GP0291" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2372", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2372, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 327 Othem Othemars", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/326c3beae094264d8fa7a4daf9060ec8066e84f0.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/326c3beae094264d8fa7a4daf9060ec8066e84f0.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/326c3beae094264d8fa7a4daf9060ec8066e84f0.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:15+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-08-26T10:56:40+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3555", "o:id": 3555 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3550", "o:id": 3550 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3551", "o:id": 3551 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3552", "o:id": 3552 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3553", "o:id": 3553 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3554", "o:id": 3554 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3555", "o:id": 3555 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 327 Othem Othemars" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0327" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/35408efd-30c9-4f49-9722-b862aeaaf488", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "An agricultural field belonging to the farm ʻOthemarsʼ in Othem parish (RAÄ Othem 164:1). " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Agricultural Field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Othem" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Othem Otemars 1:19" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Påträffad vid plöjning." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "In September 1951, two fragments of a large picture stone were found during agricultural work (ploughing) on a field at Othemars gård (farm), owned by the farmer Ragnar Gutenberg (Othemars 1:19). The field is located near (south-west of) the farm buildings, next to (west of) the farm track leading from Othemars gård to File hajdar (which is situated 2 km south-west of the farm). The slabs were encountered at a depth of approximately 10 cm. Largely due to the efforts made by Gutenberg’s 13-year-old daughter Ragnhild and her classmate Maj-Louise Pettersson, the two stone slabs have been recognized as archaeologically significant. Therefore, immediately after the discovery, on the 24th of September 1951, Greta Arwidsson investigated the find spot in person. As neither traces of a foundation nor other finds were detected, Arwidsson concluded that the stone must have been moved from its original site and then buried at the place where it was found. Right after Arwidsson’s inspection, the two stone slabs were moved aside. From there they were transferred to Gotlands Fornsal some weeks later. There, the monument was mistakenly registered under the parish Stenkyrka and therefore included by Jan Peder Lamm as “Stenkyrka kyrka 44” in his list (Nylén 1978, p. 183 cat. no. 272). Later, Lamm detected the error (Philip 1986, p. 7) and corrected it in the second and third editions of “Bildstenar” (Lamm/Nylén 2003, p. 195 cat. no. 272 and p. 203 cat. no. 422). All information about the find and its background are taken from the report by Greta Arwidsson to RAÄ (ATA dnr 4493/51, 1951-09-25; GF koncnr 250/51) as well as Gotlands Allehanda 1951-09-24, and Philip 1986, pp. 7–9. \n\nIn 2010, two coins and a bronze pendant from the Viking Period as well as a medieval coin were found at the same find spot by metal detecting (RAÄ Othem 257). On the 1941 fastighetskarta (real estate map) (Ek. karta), two stone enclosures (vastar or stensträngar) are registered only 40 and 75 m west of the spot. These enclosures are recorded in the 1976 inventory book; however, they were already removed at that time (RAÄ Othem 164:2). " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The mushroom-shaped picture stone is largely preserved, only the upper right part of its head and presumably some parts of the root are missing. The limestone slab is broken into two parts, the upper half and the lower half, and the crack runs diagonally across the monument’s body. The upper part has a height of about 1.80 m and is 1.40 m wide. The lower piece is 1.25 m high and 1.40 m wide. The entire slab is approximately 0.10 m thick. Most of the stone’s surface seems smoothed and even polished, not only due to weathering or footsteps but rather by deliberate measures (Philip 1986, p. 9). Furthermore, on the front face of the monument, five deep grinding grooves (sliprännor) and five broader and more flatter depressions (slipsvackor) can be seen; at least nine more deep grooves are ground into the stone’s backside (ibid.). Those grooves and depressions are secondary (see IX). Only a few remains of the original carvings are preserved in the middle third of the stone. In 1984, these carvings were traced with paint (carbon black) in order to document them photographically (Philip 1986, p. 7, bild 1). " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "305" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "140" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "10" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "customvocab:10", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "The preserved carvings in the middle third of the stone are easily discernable when using oblique light (Philip 1986, p. 9, bild 3). The simply carved rhombic pattern of a ship’s sail can be seen – most of it on the upper fragment, with only a few rhombi on the lower half. On the left-hand side of the monument’s body, the border decoration is preserved – most of it on the upper fragment. It represents an interlace pattern consisting of two parallel rows of pretzel-like elements, which is very unusual (see IX). On the right-hand side of the stone, only a single pretzel is left on the lower fragment. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "The picture stone belongs to Lindqvist’s ʻAbschnittʼ C/D, hardly to E, as Type E stones of this size are always decorated with rune stone ornament. Thus, it can be roughly dated to the period between the 8th and 11th centuries. The only picture stone known so far which bears a double (!) interlace border of the kind described above (see VI), is the Type C/D (type D according to Lindqvist) monument GP 3 Alskog kyrka. The decoration of this giant cist stone’s horizontal border, which divides the image field from the root part, is identical to the pattern on the Othemars stone. \n\nThe grinding grooves cannot be used for dating picture stones, as they represent secondary features, produced after the creation of the stone, and in all probability after the period when the slab was used as memorial stone and raised in the landscape. Arne Philip (1986, pp. 9–12) counted 15 Gotlandic picture stones with grinding grooves (slipskåror or sliprännor). There is at least one more stone, GP 72 Endre Bäcks, which is almost completely covered by 15 deep grooves. On Gotland, those grinding grooves on stones and rocks are extremely common and have been interpreted in various ways (Munthe 1933; Mårtensson 1936; Swanström 1995; Gibson 2013). Their frequent interpretation as prehistoric calendar (Henriksson 1983) is not compelling, cf. the critical views of Lindström (1997). Similar grooves can be encountered in many places throughout Europe. An unwieldy abundance of literature has been published about their dating and their function (gathered and summarised by Eitelmann 2005, pp. 189–194 and Schels, 2010, pp. 141–161). Especially when found on medieval and early modern church buildings, gravestones, and conciliation crosses (a roadside cross erected where a tragic event occurred), those grooves and cups could be the result of grinding to produce stone meal, presumably for use in religious folk medicine. Medieval Gotlanders probably regarded the picture stones as efficacious relics and powerful media of ancient times and therefore used them for folk religious purposes (Oehrl 2019a, pp. 41, 105–106; Oehrl 2020a, pp. 88–89). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2050", "value_resource_id": 2050, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2050", "display_title": "GP 3 Alskog kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/50a7bab11df828a06ad8a95ac40128b793f64c22.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0003.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2119", "value_resource_id": 2119, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2119", "display_title": "GP0072", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/df02b4c189aea418c29a6c0cad6b9db1ed357177.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0072", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Philip 1986" } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1976:7411" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Othem 164:1" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC11043" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4858", "value_resource_id": 4858, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4858", "display_title": "3D model for GP0327", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0327_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "422" } ], "ai2:limestoneType": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 325, "property_label": "Limestone Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "coarse reef debris limestone" } ], "ai2:geologicalGroup": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 326, "property_label": "Geological Group", "is_public": true, "@value": "Slite Group (100%)" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1951 vid plöjning av en åker tillhörande gården Othemars i Othems socken. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands Museums magasin, Visborgsslätt. \n\nBeskrivning \nTvå delar av en svampformig bildsten (typ C-D), 180 x 140, 125 x 140 cm. Bildstenen är fylld av sekundära sliprännor, men spår av segel till ett skepp och kantdekor är bevarade \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men den tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": " 6406034" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "720772" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4858", "o:title": "3D model for GP0327" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/222", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 222, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2372", "o:id": 2372 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.74200250163337, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.709465610746634, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2081", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2081, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 34 Boge Laxarve 2", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/1d99613c087fb6dce266610f1c529e77300c50a5.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/1d99613c087fb6dce266610f1c529e77300c50a5.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1d99613c087fb6dce266610f1c529e77300c50a5.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:08+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-15T10:51:23+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4138", "o:id": 4138 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4138", "o:id": 4138 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/2864", "o:id": 2864 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/2865", "o:id": 2865 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/2866", "o:id": 2866 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 34 Boge Laxarve 2" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0034" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/e25703a1-9b4d-4e95-bdfd-56afd9eae159", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Cemetery at Boge Laxarve (RAÄ Boge 9:2), burial 16." } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Boge" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Boge Laxarve" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grav 16 på gravfältet (GA 1962:19. Bild 10)" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The Viking Museum, Stockholm.\n" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Other" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Viking Museum Sthlm" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment was discovered in 1956 in the small cemetery of Boge Laxarve near Gotland’s north-east coast, about 2.5 km south-west of Slite (for the archaeological context, see Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 I, p. 14; IV, p. 65). The investigation of the largely destroyed cemetery, directed by Greta Arwidsson, was carried out in 1948, 1949/1950, and 1955/1956. Overall, the area covers about 70 x 30 m and contains about 15 burial mounds and several stone settings. The stone was found in the undisturbed inhumation grave no. 16, which was dated to the early 11th century. The woman buried here had been laid to rest in a cist and equipped with the following grave-goods: an animal-head brooch dating to the early 10th century (an heirloom), three beads, a knife, two combs, two keys, a needle case with a needle, a jewellery chain, and some nails and iron rods. The picture stone fragment was used as part of a stone layer covering the cist (Rundkvist 2012, pp. 151–152). Within this stone packing, about ten smaller stone fragments were found that might have been part of the original monument as well. On inspection, however, no clear traces of work were found, and as their whereabouts today are unknown, this notion remains speculative. The discovery of the picture stone was published in 1962 by Sune Lindqvist in an article in “Gotländskt Arkiv”, which included a photograph in which the stone’s imagery was traced in paint (Lindqvist 1962, fig. 10; cf. Lamm/Nylén 2003, p. 55). Lindqvist provided no further information. " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment is limestone and approximately triangular, not exceeding 52 cm in height and 54 cm in width. It is broken on all sides so that there is no trace of the former outer edges to indicate the stone’s original contours. The material appears to be quite homogenous, with very few obstructive structures, such as small, cup-like hollows or spalling and ridges. The imagery, executed in bas-relief, is quite distinct, as outer contours of the figures are largely defined by clear and deep-cut lines. Moreover, the artist carved the background planes meticulously so that it appears as a rough, evenly grooved structure that is easily distinguishable from the raised fields (1 mm max.). There are virtually no indications of weathering on the even surface. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "55" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "67" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1962, fig. 10) offers a – very small – photograph showing the limestone slab after the background planes had been coloured in. (For a larger reproduction of the same original photograph, see Oehrl 2019a, pl. 307a). Lindqvist’s description also is very brief: “Of the two warriors, who are observed in front of the mast, are seen their shoulders and arms. Each holds a sword in his right, a shot in the left hand. In front of them, a square ’open-work’ plate, whose meaning I don’t know” (Lindqvist 1962, p. 19). Above the two warriors, there is an elongated, shapeless area, which may be interpreted as rigging or ropes, but more likely it is a larger object that hovers over the crew. \n\nIn the narrow field to the right of the mast, another faint figure can be made out. A larger image of the picture stone fragment provided by Lamm and Nylén features only the two warriors on board the ship, not the unclear figures to either side of the pair (2003, p. 55). Drawing on RTI images and 3D models, Oehrl thoroughly examined the stone and compared its images with those indicated by Lindqvist’s colouring, yielding the following results (2019a, pp. 257–259; pls. 308a–314b, 315d). Mast, yardarm, and the sail with its rhombic pattern – with alternately raised and sunken fields – are carved most carefully and are easily recognisable. To a large degree, the warrior figures on board of the ship can also be verified, according to Oehrl. The shape above them, however, remains dubious. Judging from the published photographs of the fragment, it is possible that the shape represents the vague remains of the ship’s rigging leading down to the sheet ropes in the men’s hands. The entire section above the two crew members with their swords, however, is covered with a regular pattern of the parallel grooves produced by the mason’s tools that chiselled the sunken surface of the background (ibid. pls. 313c–314), which speaks against the presence of figures or motifs in relief here. Similarly, the ropes that the warriors would hold in their hands cannot be confirmed; instead, the right warrior appears to be equipped with two swords. \n\nOf particular interest is the field close to the right edge, to the right of the mast. In it, Oehrl was able to prove the presence of the figure of a woman, looking left, with clearly defined and pointed feet, a long dress, and an ample bust (ibid. pls. 310a–314b). The woman’s head is difficult to discern and has no indication of hair. Other elements under the figure indicated by Lindqvist’s picture cannot be verified, as that entire area is covered by chisel marks. The woman does not touch the ship but appears to hover over its deck or rails. \n\nThe rectangular object with vertical stripes at the ship’s bow can be confirmed, according to Oehrl, and identified as a stringed instrument, namely a lyre, as it also can be seen on the picture stone from GP 248 Lärbro Källstäde (more comprehensively, also regarding its symbolic meaning: Oehrl 2019a, pp. 259–262). Archaeological evidence for lyres of this sort is known from the 2nd to the 8th/9th centuries and has been found particularly in England, Germany, and the Netherlands (Bruce-Mitford 1983, pp. 611–727; Betz/Wanzeck 1999; Kolltveit 2000; Bischop 2002; Koch 2004). Most prominent are, for example, the complete instruments from the Alemannic row grave fields of Oberflacht (6th and first quarter of the 7th c.) (Paulsen 1992, pp. 147–155; figs. 126–127) and Trossingen (burial dated to AD 580) (Theune-Großkopf 2002; 2005; 2006; 2010), from a Frankish burial of high status underneath St. Severin in Cologne (early 8th c.) (Päffgen 1992 I, pp. 481–485; figs. 169–170; II, pp. 280–284; III, pl. 59:5), as well as the Anglo-Saxon royal burial at Sutton Hoo (7th c. [AD 624/625?]) (Bruce-Mitford 1970; 1983, pp. 611–727). There also are lyres or their components from the North (Bischop 2002): a bridge of a lyre was found at Birka (9th c.) (Salmen 1970, p. 8, fig. 1:3), a lyre yoke in Hedeby (11th c.) (Lawson 1984), and two fragments of bridges at Wurt Elisenhof near Tönning (8th c.) (Salmen 1970, pp. 7–8; fig. 1:4; pl. 3,1–2). From Gotland, two examples are known: an amber bridge from the ‘chief’s grave’ at Broa in Halla parish (8th c.) (Reimers 1980) and a bronze bridge from Gerete, Fardhem parish (Vedin 2007). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2294", "value_resource_id": 2294, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2294", "display_title": "GP 248 Lärbro Källstäde", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/9245c42641d553334544ddbfa82aa6106e8fab2e.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0248.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "A woman on board a sailing ship is unique in the iconography of the Gotlandic picture stones. There may be literary and archaeological evidence indicating fighting (Gardeła 2018) and seafaring (Jesch 2001) women during the Viking Age, but the female figure of Boge Laxarve 2 stands out particularly from the other crew members: while the armed men are standing or sitting on the ship’s deck, the woman is hovering over the rails without touching the ship with her feet. This method of presentation appears to put her in the realm of the supernatural and is reminiscent of the divine ship guide with horned headgear on GP 339 Rute St. Valle 2 hovering behind the ship’s stem. This probably is the god Óðinn, who either is consecrating the ship’s crewmen to death and accompanying them to the realm of the dead or, as a “Sieghelfer” (ʻvictory helperʼ), rendering supernatural assistance in battle (Oehrl 2016b; 2017a; 2019a, pp. 240–242). \n\nAgainst this background, it is plausible to regard the woman hovering over the ship of Boge Laxarve 2 as a valkyrie, who, on behalf of the god Óðinn, chooses the slain and escorts the ship of the defeated and its crew to Valhǫll (Oehrl 2019a, p. 262). This role of the valkyries is suggested by their name (valkyrja ‘choosers of the fallen’ [valr ‘the fallen on the battlefield’, kjósa ‘choose, select’]) (recently and comprehensively: Zimmermann 2012; Egeler 2011). The role is well documented in skaldic and eddic poetry as well as in Snorri’s Gylfaginning (36, Faulkes 2005, p. 30) and mentioned, for example, in the Hákonarmál by the skald Eyvindr skáldaspillir as early as 960/961 (stanza 1, Finnur Jónsson 1912–1915 A I, p. 64; B I, 57; Whaley 2012, p. 174). Also in Darraðarljóð, probably composed soon after 1014 (or in the early 10th century? Poole 1991, pp. 120–125), the valkyries decide who is going to die in battle (Finnur Jónsson 1912–1915 A I, pp. 419–421; B I, pp. 389–391). \n\nIf in fact the woman on the picture stone depicts a valkyrie, she could also be understood as a supporter of the crew (Oehrl 2019a, p. 263), as the valkyries, just like Óðinn, can act as battle helpers (Price 2002, 346–350). Helgakviða Hiǫrvarðzsonar (HHv, prose after stanza 9), for example, explicitly mentions that the valkyrie Sváva frequently protected Helgi in battle (Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 143) Helgakviða Hundingsbana in fyrri (HH I, stanzas 54–55) tells the story of valkyries descending from the sky to protect Helgi and bring him victory (ibid. pp. 138–139). In Helgakviða Hundingsbana ǫnnor (HH II, stanzas 11–12), Helgi asks Sigrún how she could know details of his military exploits, and the valkyrie answers that she was not far away during battle (Varca ec fiarri, ibid. p. 152). Regarding the picture stone, stanza 30 of Helgakviða Hundingsbana in fyrri might be of particular interest, as here the valkyrie provides protection for Helgi’s ships and crew: Helgi’s fleet gets caught in a life-threatening thunderstorm, but thanks to supernatural help, the men survive. Sigrún, it is said, protected Helgi’s men and the ships ‘from above’ (ofan, ibid. p. 134). Accordingly, the woman above the ship from Boge Laxarve 2 might be interpreted as a valkyrie who is present during a sea battle to protect the ship’s crew, as described in the lays of Helgi of the Codex Regius. The date of the lays remains controversial and varies between the 11th century and about 1250 (von See et al. 2004). \n\nApart from the valkyries, other supernatural battle helpers can be considered for the interpretation of Boge Laxarve 2 (Oehrl 2019a, p. 264), such as the fylgjur. These spirit-like beings frequently appear both in the form of women and in combat contexts (Heide 2016). Also, the Norwegian local deity Þorgerðr Hǫlgabrúðr, who was venerated in the 10th century in Hálogaland and was the patron goddess of Hákon, earl of Lade (Storm 1885; Chadwick 1950; de Vries 1956–1957, pp. 340–342; Halvorsen 1976, Motz 1993; McKinnell 2002; Steinsland 2011, pp. 53–55), has some characteristics resembling those of valkyries, and in Jómsvíkinga saga, she appears on a warship (Blake 1964, p. 37). During a battle fought on board ships, she joins the Earl’s men, conjures a terrible storm, and from her fingers hurls deadly magic arrows against the enemy. The supernatural storm is directed against the hostile Jómsvikings and makes their projectiles turn back against themselves. Only those men who have the second sight (ófreskir menn) are able to see the apparition of the woman. Her intervention on the ship secures the Earl’s victory. It is quite possible that this motif traces back to old oral traditions (Halvorsen 1976, col. 383). Similar ideas and narratives could have been known on Gotland as well. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2384", "value_resource_id": 2384, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2384", "display_title": "GP 339 Rute St. Valle 2", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f2f482480f543f7cf6b285590bbf8cb7c420d43e.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0339.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "The ship with its checkered sail and armed crew is typical for picture stones of Type C. The way both the male crew members and the female figure are shown in profile, however, is reminiscent of stylistic characteristics of Lindqvist’s ʻAbschnittʼ D and his ʻTjängvide-Gruppe.ʼ Lindqvist dated the Type C stones to about 700 or the early 8th century, but he considered the small group of Type D stones as slightly later, from the second half of the 8th century. This view is now regarded as obsolete. According to Eshleman (1983), stones of Type C were strongly influenced by the art of the Carolingian Renaissance and therefore should instead be dated to the period between AD 790 and 840. Archaeological excavations at Type C picture stones still in situ suggest a date about the year 800. Some runic inscriptions on picture stones of Type C have been dated to between AD 850 and 900 (Snædal 2002, pp. 48–53, 63–64; Gustavson 2012, p. 112 with references), and the runes on GP 244 Lokrume kyrka [C] probably belong to the second half of the 10th century (Källström 2012, p. 127), while those on GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I [D] are likely to date from the latter half of the 10th century or even circa 1000. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2290", "value_resource_id": 2290, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2290", "display_title": "GP 244 Lokrume kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/8bfebd3965015e2868ab4f17511bb2f16da86821.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0244.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1962, pp. 19–20, fig. 10; Lamm/Nylén 2003, p. 55; Rundkvist 2012, pp. 151–152; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 256–264, pls. 307a–314b, 315d. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1977:3509 " } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Boge 9:2" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "C10188:14" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4568", "value_resource_id": 4568, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4568", "display_title": "3D model for GP0034", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0034_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "25" } ], "ai2:limestoneType": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 325, "property_label": "Limestone Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "fine reef debris limestone" } ], "ai2:geologicalGroup": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 326, "property_label": "Geological Group", "is_public": true, "@value": "Slite Group (100%)" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nFragmentet hittades 1956 på det vikingatida gravfältet i Laxarve, Boge socken. Stenen var återanvänd som en del av en gravanläggning, en kvinnograv som daterats till tidigt 1000-tal. Möjligen fanns det några fler små bildstensfragment i graven, men det kan numera inte påvisas. \n\nNuvarande förvaringsplats \nGotlands Museum, Magasin Visborg. \n\nBeskrivning \nFragmentet har troligen tillhört den nedre delen av en svampformad bildsten. Det nästan trekantiga fragmentet är max 0.52 m högt och max 0.54 m brett. Det finns brottkanter runt om hela fragmentet, den ursprungliga randkonturen är inte bevarad. \n\nPlanreliefen på den här stenen är jämförelsevis tydlig och välbevarad. Man kan se rester av ett typiskt stort skepp med rutigt segel. Två skäggiga krigare med svärd och sköld sitter ombord och en kvinna i klänning svävar ovanför däcket utan att beröra skeppet. I skeppets bog befinner sig antagligen en lyra, ett tidigmedeltida stränginstrument som är välkänt från arkeologiska fynd, särskilt från alemanniska, frankiska och anglosaxiska fyndplatser i Tyskland och England. Fragment av sådana musikinstrument har även hittats i det vikingatida Norden, till exempel i Birka, Hedeby och även på Gotland – Broa i Halla socken och Gerete i Fardhem socken. Ytterligare en lyra finns framställd på bildstenen GP 248 Lärbro Källstäde. \n\nDatering \n700-talet eller mellan omkring år 800 och 900-talet e.Kr. (vikingatid). \n\nTolkning \nEftersom kvinnan verkar sväva ovanför skeppet kan hon tolkas som en övernaturlig varelse. Kanske representerar hon en valkyria eller en gudinna som leder skeppets besättning till dödsriket eller stödjer och bistår dem i slaget. En liknande funktion har den svävande behornade mansfiguren på stenen GP 339 Rute St. Valle 2, som kan tolkas som guden Oden. \n\nSO" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2294", "value_resource_id": 2294, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2294", "display_title": "GP 248 Lärbro Källstäde", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/9245c42641d553334544ddbfa82aa6106e8fab2e.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0248.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2384", "value_resource_id": 2384, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2384", "display_title": "GP 339 Rute St. Valle 2", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f2f482480f543f7cf6b285590bbf8cb7c420d43e.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0339.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "human figure" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sword" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "dress" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "hair" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "headgear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "valkyrie" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "warrior" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "lyre" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "woman" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6402015" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "723393" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2079", "o:title": "GP 32 Boge kyrka" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2294", "o:title": "GP 248 Lärbro Källstäde" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4568", "o:title": "3D model for GP0034" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/58", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 58, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2081", "o:id": 2081 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.70468375876496, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.74966439747834, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2389", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2389, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 344 Sanda kyrka II", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/13f7571e0dc8e1c265bdb66c92fc3491bf32a12a.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/13f7571e0dc8e1c265bdb66c92fc3491bf32a12a.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/13f7571e0dc8e1c265bdb66c92fc3491bf32a12a.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:16+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-17T09:26:18+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3961", "o:id": 3961 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3961", "o:id": 3961 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3186", "o:id": 3186 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 344 Sanda kyrka II" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0344" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/1e36091f-6fac-462b-bee1-addf13762bda", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "In the churchyard of Sanda church, together with other fragments from a stone building. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Churchyard" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Sanda" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Sanda kyrka" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Återfunnen på kyrkogården, ca 24 m söder om kyrkans långhus 60 cm under marken tillsammans med 1 & 3. Den hade troligen ingått i en äldre stenbyggnad på platsen." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Sanda" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Re-erected in front of the eastern outer wall of the churchyard." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Churchyard" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Sanda kyrka" } ], "ai2:presentLocationNote": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 294, "property_label": "Context Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Står uppställd mot förrådsbyggnad norr om kyrkan på kyrkogården sedan 2006." } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "According to Per Arvid Säve’s Samlingar (III, p. 417), GP 341 Sanda kyrka I “[…] was found in 1863 in the cemetery, about 40 ells south of the church nave and about two ells below ground. There it had lain among a number of rough building stones that belonged to a rectangular building of about 10 square ells. [Sanda kyrka] II and [GP 345 Sanda kyrka] III also were discovered among these building stones. No. I was transferred to SHM in 1927; No. II and No. III are still standing in the cemetery. […] [Sanda kyrka II] now stands leaning against the outside of the east wall of the sacristy” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 107, 109). The fragments of the large Type A picture stone GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV, however, were discovered in 1902 while grave digging work and in 1956 under the church floor. It is now on exhibition in Gotlands Museum. \n\nOn photos dating to 1994, Sanda kyrka II can be seen still leaning against the outer wall of the sacristy (ATA dnr 3666/94). Shortly after 1994; however, it had been moved to the storage building, which is located in the churchyard, north of the church. There it had been leaning against the outer wall of the building. Since 2006, however, the large slab was re-erected just in front of the eastern outer wall of the churchyard. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2386", "value_resource_id": 2386, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2386", "display_title": "GP 341 Sanda kyrka I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b0a22f8bf7599dea66636e834db9b3016d8d9552.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0341.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2390", "value_resource_id": 2390, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2390", "display_title": "GP 345 Sanda kyrka III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f78a12a955786c062956fe1c126dd236752ab57f.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0345.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2395", "value_resource_id": 2395, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2395", "display_title": "GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a0f3efc5fb4baf2ee7d66f7a01baf52e87912a20.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0350.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 109) described the stone as follows: “Limestone slab, about 15 cm thick. The obverse is even, the narrow sides are rounded towards the back, which is rough and unworked. The height is 2.55 m. The width of the head is 74 cm, that of the neck 69 cm, and that of the base 130 cm.” The very tall mushroom-shaped picture stone is completely preserved. As it has been exposed to the weather since 1863, and only insignificantly protected by the eaves of the sacristy or the storage building respectively, the destruction of its original carved surface has already reached an advanced stage. The earliest photographs from the 1920s show the picture stone overgrown with lichens. In 1994 or shortly afterwards, conservation measures have been taken, the surface was cleaned and broken parts and cracks, in particular, in the lower half of the stone, were fixed with mortar. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "255" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "133" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "15" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "The only available documentation of the monument and its carvings is a drawing by Olof Sörling, which has been reproduced in Lindqvist’s book (1941/42 II, fig. 486). In accordance with Sörling’s interpretation, but somewhat skeptical, Lindqvist describes the remaining decoration in the following way (ibid. p. 109): “Of the decoration on the severely weathered obverse, only a number of very shallow, frequently doubtful lines may be observed that indicate a narrow framing border, both ends of which are curved inwards and upwards. The field appears to be partitioned into three panels by horizontal bands. It is possible that both the middle one and the lower one bore the image of a ship with a sail with rhombic pattern; the upper ship then would have been positioned on a saw-like row of waves(?).” In Sörling’s drawing, the carvings appear inaccurate and sketchy. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall mushroom-shaped late-type picture stone, belonging to ʻAbschnittʼ C/D or E according to Lindqvist. If there is no decoration left, those monuments can only be roughly dated to the period between the 8th century and around AD 1100. The design of the border appears to indicate a Type E monument with runic inscription (see VIII). However, two arguments speak against this interpretation – 1) Tall Type E picture stones with rune stone ornament do not depict figurative motifs like ships and 2) they are usually decorated with deep grooves, which could not have been the case here. If there had been an inscription, it must have been very faintly carved, or it had never been executed and the stone must be regarded as an unfinished slab, the carvings as a kind of sketch. \n\nThere is another feature, which makes the Sanda monument exceptional – the depiction of two large sailing ships in two panels below each other. " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" }, { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "E (ca. 1000-1150)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "Unknown" } ], "ai2:runicContextComments": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@value": "According to Sörling’s drawing and Lindqvist’s description, both ends of the apparently empty framing border are curved upwards in the lower third of the surface. A curved horizontal band seems to connect both ends of the border. This element is reminiscent of the iriskt koppel, which occurs frequently on Late Viking Age mainland rune stones, and also on Type E picture stones such as GP 22 Ardre kyrka III, GP 208 Hogrän kyrka I, and GP 235 Linde kyrka. Therefore, it is a plausible assumption that the border had contained a runic inscription (cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 109). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2069", "value_resource_id": 2069, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2069", "display_title": "GP 22 Ardre kyrka III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4b5bf1549e8ad7f29e1148d9391b8d9c57de305b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0022O.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2254", "value_resource_id": 2254, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2254", "display_title": "GP0208", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/087237d5e2c627ef58205439a3b085cef91e3da4.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0208.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2281", "value_resource_id": 2281, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2281", "display_title": "GP 235 Linde kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/19c3f1fe21d4b9cf358d950ffce76aa6548fda26.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0235.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 109, fig. 486. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1976:9346" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Sanda 33:1" } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Sanda, Kirchhof II" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4875", "value_resource_id": 4875, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4875", "display_title": "3D model for GP0344", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0344_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "213" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1863 på Sanda kyrkogård, 40 alnar söder om kyrkans långhus, vid resterna av en liten kvadratisk byggnad, vars sidor var 10 alnar långa. Även bildstenarna GP 341 och 345 Sanda kyrka I och III påträffades på denna plats. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStår rest framför den östra kyrkogårdsmuren sedan 2006. \n\nBeskrivning \nStor svampformig bildsten (period CD), 255 cm hög och som bredast 130 cm. Bildstenen är mycket vittrad, men spår finns av tre bildfält och möjligen med skepp i två av bildfälten. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, men tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2386", "value_resource_id": 2386, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2386", "display_title": "GP 341 Sanda kyrka I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b0a22f8bf7599dea66636e834db9b3016d8d9552.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0341.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2390", "value_resource_id": 2390, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2390", "display_title": "GP 345 Sanda kyrka III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f78a12a955786c062956fe1c126dd236752ab57f.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0345.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6369776" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "693526" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6369794" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "693555" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2386", "o:title": "GP 341 Sanda kyrka I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2390", "o:title": "GP 345 Sanda kyrka III" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2395", "o:title": "GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4875", "o:title": "3D model for GP0344" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/232", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 232, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2389", "o:id": 2389 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.42939750545057, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.22365020617167, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2396", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2396, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 351 Silte stenbro (I)", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/fca19941e6bb668f519a1df44914f84b649e4fe6.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/fca19941e6bb668f519a1df44914f84b649e4fe6.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/fca19941e6bb668f519a1df44914f84b649e4fe6.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:16+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-17T09:22:56+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3964", "o:id": 3964 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3964", "o:id": 3964 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 351 Silte stenbro (I)" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0351" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/6f166c91-0361-4691-9c92-032ea69662ef", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Incorporated into the foundation of the bridge north-west of ʻStenbro gårdʼ in Silte parish. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Bridge" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Silte" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Silte Stenbro" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Återfanns som byggnadsmaterial i det norra brofästet, hittades år 1885" } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Silte" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Re-erected north of the current bridge, at the western edge of the north-south road between Hablingbo and Sproge. " } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Landscape" } ], "ai2:presentLocationNote": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 294, "property_label": "Context Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väster om landsvägen norr om bron." } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The picture stone was found in 1885, re-used as building material in the northern foundation of a bridge circa 200 m north of Rikvide, north-west of ʻStenbro gårdʼ. Right after its discovery, it was re-erected north of the bridge, directly west of the old north-south road that crosses the stream. It stood at this location until 1938, when the road was repaired and its course moved a little eastwards. For this reason, the picture stone was moved about 6 m to the east, so that it was placed directly at the western edge of the road again (ATA dnr 4029/37, 4111/37, 3482/38). It is still located there, facing the road. Photos of the monument shortly before and after the relocation in 1938 are kept in ATA (Run- och bildstenssamling 1839:3–4)." } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, up to 20 cm thick. The obverse is quite smooth, the narrow sides are hewn at right angles to it and rounded towards the back. This latter is rough and unworked. Total height 172 cm, width of the head 82 cm, of the neck 76 cm, of the base 90 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 111). As the slab is re-erected and its root anchored in the ground, only 115 m of the stone are visible. Already the earliest photo of the stone taken in 1922 depicts it re-erected, heavily overgrown with lichens and completely white in the lower third of the visible surface (plaster?), apparently due to repair measures (ATA 539:36a; cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, fig. 482). " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "172" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "90" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "20" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "In his tabular overview of the Type-C stones, Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 44) subsumes Silte Stenbro (I) under the heading “Erblindete Steine” (ʻblinded stonesʼ, which means ʻstones with obliterated surfaceʼ). In his description, however, he notes that “the decoration is executed with lines and sunken background fields. Only few clear remains of the decoration, however, have survived. In 1932, I believed to be able to discern on the body the inner frame of about 9 cm wide borders. Between these, there seemed to be the image of a sail, the upper edge of which runs 8 cm below the line between the corners of the stone’s head; the lower edge is 31 cm further down. The sail appeared to be chequered, with every other of the fields sunken. In the middle of the sail, the mast showed through. From the sail’s lower edge, a stay seemed to run diagonally downwards to the railing, meeting it at the place where the blunt stem begins to rise up” (ibid. II, p. 111). The 1978 inventory also notes that, when using sidelight, flat carvings are discernible. An attached sketch depicts parts of the inner frame of the border at the stones left edge. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall mushroom-shaped late-type picture stone, which means Lindqvist’s “Abschnitt” C/D or E (1941/42 I, p. 44). As no decoration is preserved on the monument, it can only be roughly dated between the 8th century and around AD 1100. " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" }, { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "E (ca. 1000-1150)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 111, fig. 482. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1976:5973" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Silte 1:1" } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Silte, Stenbro" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4882", "value_resource_id": 4882, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4882", "display_title": "3D model for GP0351", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0351_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "219" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1885 såsom byggnadsmaterial i det norra fundamentet till en bro, cirka m norr om gården Rikvide och nordväst om gården Stenbro. Efter upptäckten restes bildstenen väster om vägen vid bron. När vägen 1938 flyttades åt öster flyttades också bildstenen 6 m åt öster till den västra sidan av vägen. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nPå samma plats som 1938, det vill säga norr om bron på västra sidan av vägen mellan Hablingbo och Sproge. \n\nBeskrivning \nEn stor svampformig bildsten (period CD), 172 cm hög och som bredast 90 cm. Nu en ”blind” sten, men tidigare spår av ett segel. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, men tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6347846" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "693819" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6347846" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "693819" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4882", "o:title": "3D model for GP0351" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/235", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 235, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2396", "o:id": 2396 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.23258641284107, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.2112997361221, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2408", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2408, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 363 Stenkumla Forsa I", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/f3be43960ce9640747fa7bff40e30e42d5c636b0.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/f3be43960ce9640747fa7bff40e30e42d5c636b0.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f3be43960ce9640747fa7bff40e30e42d5c636b0.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:16+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-17T09:05:35+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3968", "o:id": 3968 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3968", "o:id": 3968 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 363 Stenkumla Forsa I" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0363" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/95a08508-dabd-4fc0-bcad-f1d7b4748614", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Re-used as bridge over a creek close to the farmstead ʻForsa gårdʼ (also spelled ʻForsʼ) in Stenkumla parish. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Bridge" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkumla" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkumla Forsa" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Återfanns som bro över bäck. 30m SO om nuvarande placering." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkumla" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Re-erected about 100 m north-east of the farmstead." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Private Property" } ], "ai2:presentLocationNote": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 294, "property_label": "Context Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Står 100m NO om bostadshuset." } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Based on the reports kept in ATA (dnr 2623/26; 4782/26; 1035/27), Lindqvist summarizes as follows (1941/42 II, p. 114): “This stone first became known in 1918. At that time, it was serving, with the obverse facing downwards, as a bridge across a stream 30 m south of the place where in 1926 it was erected, at the behest of the National Antiquarian, with the obverse facing west, 100 m northeast of the residential house.” Stenkumla Forsa I was erected circa 40 m away from the creek, about 150 m north-northwest of GP 364 Stenkumla Forsa II, which was placed on a grave field after its discovery. Both stones have been erected in 1926 on behalf of Ture Carlsson. A photo taken by J. Nihlén in 1925 depicts the slab in its former function as bridge (ATA Run- och bildstenssamling 734:24; dnr 2623/26). \n\nLindqvist assumes that GP 363 Stenkumla Forsa I and GP 364 Stenkumla Forsa II originally belonged together, forming one monument, and commissioned by one and the same person (ibid. I, p. 53). Of course, this assumption cannot be verified. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2409", "value_resource_id": 2409, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2409", "display_title": "GP 364 Stenkumla Forsa II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/9da43ff98540dc00a7b5710c58577222721c4cc1.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0364.JPG", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The picture stone is made of grey limestone; it is undamaged and its mushroom shape is perfectly preserved. Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 114) describes it as follows: “Limestone slab, 25 cm thick. Both broad sides are even. The narrow sides are rounded, commonly towards the reverse. The slab’s total height it 3 m, of which 2.5 m are visible above ground today. The height of the head is 90 cm, its width is 130 cm, the width of the neck is 120 cm, and that of the base 156 cm.” The stone is still standing at the place where it was re-erected in 1926, solidly anchored in the ground with cement. In 2006, conversation measures were taken by the foundation Byggnadshyttan på Gotland (report no. 431-171-06, written by R. Kettunen, kept in ATA Go Stenkumla sn: Socken). The stone had been almost completely overgrown with lichens and parts of the surface exfoliated and started to spall. The stone was cleaned and the vulnerable areas were fixed. The carvings were traced with paint in 1927 and again by Lindqvist in the 1930s. Today, however, no paint is visible anymore. The carvings are very difficult to discern today due to heavy weathering. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "300" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "156" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "25" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "“The decoration appears to have been executed with great care and a sense for a clear composition […]. Unfortunately, the stone’s surface is severely damaged by weathering. The unusually densely spaced horizontal lines in the sail as well as the inner limits of the framing, however, emerge very clearly, most notably in the lower panel, which contained only one image, namely that of a ship in a slightly chiseled background field. The planking of the hull and its rounded stems seems to be designated by four lines between railing and keel. The sailcloth is framed by a narrow border and probably features diagonal lines that are placed denser than its horizontal lines. They are interrupted by the mast and at least one stay running towards the right stem. Waves do not appear to have been indicated under the ship. Of the borders’ patterns, the three-strand interlace on the body’s right side and the four-strand interlace in the lower horizontal border are safely established” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 114). \n\nThe images described above, which are very difficult to verify today, are visible in the photo of the painted stone taken by Harald Faith-Ell in the 1930s and published by Lindqvist in 1941/42 (II, fig. 496). Some earlier photographs, taken by Ture Carlsson in 1927 (ATA dnr 1035/27), however, only depict certain parts of the borders’ frame and the ship’s sail. A drawing made by Olof Sörling around 1910 depicts no carvings at all (ATA Run- och bildstenssamling). " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall mushroom-shaped late-type picture stone, belonging to ʻAbschnittʼ C according to Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 44). Lindqvist dates those stones to the time around AD 700. Current research, however, tends to date them roughly between the 8th century (or rather around AD 800) and the 10th century. According to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type tall3, which occurs in his periods 5 (Early Viking Period), and 7 (Late Viking Period). According to Vareniusʼ (1992, appendix 2), the ship, which features a simple rectangular sail without depicted rigging, belongs to his group II (Skepp med enkel rigg), dating to the 7th to 9th century. " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 44, 53; II, pp. 114, fig. 496–497; Varenius 1992, pp. 63, 70, fig. 32. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1976:9936" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkumla 67:1" } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkumla, Forsa I" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4894", "value_resource_id": 4894, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4894", "display_title": "3D model for GP0363", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0363_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "227" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen nämns första gången 1918, då den tjänade som bro över en liten bäck nära gården Forsa. Restes 1926 30 meter söder om fyndplatsen, 100 meter nordost om boingshuset. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nSamma som 1926 \n\nBeskrivning \nStor svampformig bildsten (period CD), 3 m hög och största bredd 130 cm. Stenen är mycket vittrad, men spår finns av ett stort skepp med segel i den nedre delen av stenen. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, men tillhör perioden 500-600-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6384568" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "693241" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2406", "o:title": "GP 361 Stenkumla kyrka I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2407", "o:title": "GP 362 Stenkumla kyrka II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2409", "o:title": "GP 364 Stenkumla Forsa II" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2409", "o:title": "GP 364 Stenkumla Forsa II" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4894", "o:title": "3D model for GP0363" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2410", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2410, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 365 Stenkyrka kyrka IV", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/60bae38d84d98092b99dc6de7ac56e2a831613aa.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/60bae38d84d98092b99dc6de7ac56e2a831613aa.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/60bae38d84d98092b99dc6de7ac56e2a831613aa.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:16+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-08-26T11:06:07+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4347", "o:id": 4347 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4347", "o:id": 4347 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 365 Stenkyrka kyrka IV" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0365" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "In the churchyard wall of Stenkyrka church, north of the tower. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Churchyard" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka kyrka" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Återfunnen av Nordin i kyrkogårdsmuren exakt norr om tornet" } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment was incorporated into the churchyard wall north of the tower as it was discovered by Fredrik Nordin in 1911. According to Guta saga (ch. 3; Peel 1999, pp. 10–11), a wooden church at this spot was the very first church building in the entire northern part of Gotland. It was replaced by a stone church in the first half of the 12th century, the foundations of which were discovered beneath the floor of the current church, which was built during the 13th century (on the building’s architectural history, see Roosval 1911, pp. 84–86; 1914, p. 1–52, esp. 21–24; Lagerlöf/Svahnström 1991, pp. 239–243). Sune Lindqvist (1941/42 II, pp. 115–118) lists nine picture stones from Stenkyrka church. By contrast, the list put together by Jan Peder Lamm in 2003 contains no fewer than 40 new discoveries (Lamm/Nylén 2003, nos. 238–276, 425, 426). The unusually large number of stones found not only in the church but in the entire parish is an indicator of the politically and religiously important position that Stenkyrka probably already held even before the first church was built (Roosval 1914, p. 5). Many of the new finds from the church were discovered during large-scale restoration works, which were carried out in 1954/55. " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, about 7 cm thick. The obverse is uneven and displays cracks and flaked patches, the narrow sides are roughly smoothed, the reverse is rough and unworked. The stone’s total height now is 60 cm, the width between the upper corners is 45 cm. The body is 36 cm wide at the narrowest part” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 116). The small stone is almost completely preserved, only its root is broken off. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "60" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "45" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "10" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 116) describes the carvings as follows: “Decorated with shallow chiselled lines. Inside of the framing border filled with a simplified ‘twisted cord’ pattern, there can be seen in the centre parts of a watercraft with chequered sail and further up the very vague remains of a bird of prey.” In Olof Sörlingʼs drawing which is reproduced in Lindqvistʼs book, only some parts of the birdʼs tail and the top of a wing can be guessed at (ibid. fig. 492). In another drawing made by Sörling, which is kept in ATA (run- och bildstenssamling), however, only a few lines can be seen in the upper field. The photo of the secondarily painted stone provided by Lindqvist in his book, however, depicts a typical Style II image of a striking raptor in profile, right above the ship. It seems as if the giant raptor attacks the vessel as though it was a prey animal. \n\nMigration Period bird brooches (Thiry 1939, pl. 18:428–429) and raptor-shaped fittings from the Vendel Period (Atterman 1934; Salin 1904, 269; Hauck 1980a, figs. 31–33; 1982c, fig. 55.8; Dickinson 2005, figs. 12b–g; 2011, figs. 9b–f; Oehrl 2020d) are close parallels. Actually, some of these items represent raptors striking and holding their prey, such as the gilded saddle fittings from a horseman’s grave at Vallstena in Gotland (Nerman 1969/75, nos. 1260–1263) dating to the 7th century, the gold and garnet cloisonné mounts of the purse lid from the 7th century Anglo-Saxon princely ship burial at Sutton Hoo (Suffolk, East Anglia), depicting a raptor striking a duck (Hicks 1986, 162–165; Adams 2015, 43–48), as well as a sheet gold plaque (probably a decoration on a warrior’s shield dating to the 6th or 7th century AD) from the famous Staffordshire Hoard (West Midlands) (Fern/Dickinson/Webster 2019, p. 92, cat. no. 538), depicting two raptors who are striking a fish. In addition, the unique bronze brooch from Lisbjerg in Jutland, Denmark, from the 6th/7th century AD, depicts a bird of prey gripping a man’s legs with its claws and biting into his neck (Ørsnes 1966, no. 159a; Kjærum/Olsen 1990, p. 162 no. 63). A raptor in profile, who is striking a fish, can also be seen on a gold bracteate from an unknown find spot kept in the British Museum (IK 33 British Museum-C), dating between AD 450 and 550. \n\nThose depictions of striking Style I/II raptors (some of which, however, could also be regarded as corvids) are very similar to the image on the picture stone from Stenkyrka church. However, it must be stressed that it is difficult to verify the image given by Lindqvist (Oehrl 2019a, p. 66), even when using digital imaging tools. Remarkably, Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 89) does not mention Stenkyrka kyrka IV in his overview of bird depictions and states that GP 368 Stenkyrka kyrka IX represents the only space-filling bird motif in the material." }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2413", "value_resource_id": 2413, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2413", "display_title": "GP 368 Stenkyrka kyrka IX", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/5bce5afd795c28ca83312f500b73a82b4a063d64.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0368.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hauck (1983a, pp. 534–535) interprets both the striking Style II raptor on Stenkyrka kyrka IV and the emblematic raptor (?) on GP 368 Stenkyrka kyrka IX as depictions of the chief god Wodan/Óðinn, acting in shape of an eagle. This interpretation is based on his research on the iconology of the Migration Period gold bracteates (Hauck 1972, pp. 52–53, 56–58, 64–65, fig. 8, pl. I, 1a–b, pl. III, 3a–b, pl. IV, 4; 1982c, p. 322, fig. 3a; 1986b, pp. 294–296, figs. 5–6), the older futhark inscription on the Eggja rune stone, and Old Norse literature. \n\nThe Eggja rune stone (NiæR 55) was found in 1917 during ploughing near the farm Eggja (Eggjum) in Sogndal kommune, Sogn og Fjordane county (today Vestland county). The slab covered a 7th-century burial, the inscription facing downwards. The runic inscription is badly preserved and its meaning controversially discussed. It appears to be written in metrical form, and thus is regarded as an exceptional early piece of skaldic poetry. Most runologists agree that the inscription reflects a kind of ritual which was performed when the grave slab was carved, probably including a curse against potential grave robbers. In addition, according to runologist Wolfgang Krause (KJ 101), the inscription contains the following sequence: ʻAs who came the army-god hither onto the land of warriors? A fish swimming out of the terrible stream, a bird screaming into the enemy band.ʼ The term ʻarmy-godʼ hæráss is recorded in Old Norse poetry as a name (heiti) of the god Óðinn. Thus, according to Krause’s interpretation of the Eggja inscription, this deity comes to the land of the living, in shape of a fish or an eagle, probably in order to take the deceased to the afterlife. However, it must be stressed that the transliteration and actual meaning of the inscription is still disputed and unclear in many respects (see in particular Høst 1986). \n\nThere are numerous birds to be observed on the gold bracteates, which are frequently interpreted as ravens, although many of them have large, hooked beaks indicating raptors. In most cases, the birds closely accompany the central human figure, which should be regarded as an indigenous deity, probably the chief god, Wodan/Óðinn. The birds’ heads are intimately turned toward the god’s face, as if they would communicate with each other (Hauck 1977a; Heizmann 2007b, pp. 19–32; Pesch 2018, pp. 435–436). Frequently, the god’s headgear turns into a bird of prey. Occasionally, it seems as if the entire human figure merges with that of a bird (Hauck 1972) while some bracteates only depict the raptor, without any human features. Occasionally, it attacks a strange reptile-like monster (IK 413 Bohuslän-D) or a fish-like creature (IK 33 British Museum-C). In Hauck’s opinion, those raptors represent Óðinn fighting animal-shaped demons (Hauck 1986a, p. 493, fig. 3; cf. IK 616). In this way, Hauck also interprets the group of raptor-, serpent-, and fish-shaped Vendel Period shield mounts (1980a, pp. 274–286; Hauck 1982c, pp. 321–328; alternative interpretations are discussed by Dickinson 2005, pp. 152–160; 2011, pp. 644–650). The eagle who kills a serpent is a wide-spread symbol representing divine victory over evil (Wittkower 1939, pp. 294–325). Zeus/Jupiter also is frequently depicted in shape of an eagle, fighting a snake, and this motif is also adopted by Christian tradition, as symbol of Christ who defeats the devil (Oehrl 2015a, p. 481; 2020d, p. 460). \n\nAccording to the medieval written sources, Odin is indeed able to turn into an eagle, and some of the god’s numerous names refer to his affinity with the raptor – he is called Arnhǫfði (ʻthe eagle-headedʼ) or just Ǫrn (ʻeagleʼ) (Falk 1924, p. 41; Ellmers 1970, pp. 264–271, 275–277; Hauck 1972; 1980a, pp. 245–246, 267, 281, 283–285; 1982c, pp. 321–323; 1986b, pp. 278–280; 1988, pp. 34–36; Dickinson 2011, pp. 648–647). In order to escape from the giant Suttungr after he had stolen the mead of poetry, Óðinn took shape of an eagle (Skáldskaparmál 1 – Faulkes 1998, pp. 3–5; Hávamál stanzas 13, 14, 104–110 – Neckel/Kuhn 1983, pp. 19, 33–34; Berudrápa stanza 56 – Sigurður Nordal 1933, p. 276). Against this background, the runic inscription on a bracteate from Revsgård in Denmark (Jutland, IK 145) is of particular interest. A short sequence ara (Old Norse ari), probably meaning ʻeagleʼ, is clear and legible (Nedoma 2018, p. 1590). Unfortunately, the runic sequence on the opposite side of the god’s head remains less clear. However, it possibly contains the word haitika, a present tense first-person singular form of a verb that means ʻto be calledʼ. As a result, the inscription could be understood as: Ara haitika ʻEagle I am calledʼ or just ʻI am Eagleʼ – a self-proclamation of the runic writer or rather of the supreme god Odin himself (Düwel 2015 [1984], pp. 163–164; Oehrl 2020d, p. 455). \n\nAs a result, Hauck regards the Style II raptors depicted on the Type B picture stones from Stenkyrka church as mythological representations, as epiphanies of the supreme god Wodan/Óðinn, possibly acting as a psychopomp, a guide for the dead. Perhaps, on the stone no. IV, the god aims at the ship of the dead, taking possession of the vessel, and accompanying its crew to the world of the dead? However, the basis of this interpretation is rather sparse, the argumentation hypothetical. \n\nImages of raptors and corvids (it is hard to differentiate between the species as they seem to merge into one another, iconographically and semantically, see Pesch 2015a, 382–388) in Late Iron Age and Viking Period art can easily be linked to the Skaldic ʻbeasts of battleʼ topos (Oehrl 2020d, 455–457). In numerous accounts of battles in Old Norse (as well as Anglo-Saxon) poetry, the wolf, the raven, and the eagle are mentioned – they feast on the slain, eating the corpses on the battlefield and drinking the blood of fallen warriors in the aftermath of battle (Beck 1970, pp. 55–67; Honegger 1998; 2017; Jesch 2002; Albert 2014, pp. 129–195). A very common kenning for fighting and killing enemies in battle is, for instance, ʻto feed the eagleʼ (ǫrno seðia). Raptors (or corvids) in the context of combat and killing, which are undoubtedly associated with the literary ʻbeasts of battleʼ motif, are depicted on the Type C/D monuments GP 253 Lärbro St. Hammars I, and GP 258 Lärbro Tängelgårda I. \n\nTheoretically, the bird images from Stenkyrka could also be interpreted as valkyries in the shape of crows or ravens. The affinity between the valkyries and carrion-eating birds is recorded in Old Norse literature (Egeler 2011, pp. 68–70). Apart from a number of other common features, corvid affinity links the Old Norse valkyries with female demons of death in the Celtic world and in the Mediterranean, particularly the Keres, Harpies, and Erinyes, who are associated with carrion-eating birds. The Erinyes appear as bird-human hybrid creatures that in Old English glossaries are designated wælcyrige, a term equivalent to the Old Norse valkyrja (Egeler 2009; 2011). Some of the raptors which Hauck regarded as representations of Óðinn, he later interpreted as ornithomorphic demons of death (e.g., Hauck 1988, 34). On valkyries in shape of aquatic birds see GP 341 Sanda kyrka I, GP 91 Fröjel Bottarve, GP 120 Grötlingbo Barshaldershed 6. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2413", "value_resource_id": 2413, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2413", "display_title": "GP 368 Stenkyrka kyrka IX", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/5bce5afd795c28ca83312f500b73a82b4a063d64.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0368.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2299", "value_resource_id": 2299, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2299", "display_title": "GP 253 Lärbro Stora Hammars I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d633dfb0db357f71c420b161a1e48e1024726ee9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0253", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2304", "value_resource_id": 2304, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2304", "display_title": "GP0258", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/77873047d434a760273ee33746e1e5a43285e370.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0258.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2386", "value_resource_id": 2386, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2386", "display_title": "GP 341 Sanda kyrka I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b0a22f8bf7599dea66636e834db9b3016d8d9552.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0341.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2138", "value_resource_id": 2138, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2138", "display_title": "GP0091", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f013e0b5d4e9c4283dfc8b692e086a18f1d35595.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0091.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2167", "value_resource_id": 2167, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2167", "display_title": "GP0120", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/46171aa284fae7eec4ddcc269eca31cbc0e70fd9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0120.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Middle-type picture stone, which means a Type B ʻdwarf stoneʼ, dating between AD 500 and 700. The monument belongs to the group of Type B stones featuring a convex head with corners protruding horizontally. According to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012, p. 159) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type dwarf2, belonging to his period 2, which he dates to the Early Vendel Period. The simple ship depiction corresponds to a type labelled by Lindqvist as Rikvidetypus (ibid. I, p. 66). According to Vareniusʼ (1992, p. 63, fig. 26, appendix 2) typology, the ship, which features of a simple rectangular sail, belongs to group II (Skepp med enkel rigg), dating to the 7th to 9th century. " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "B (ca. 500-700)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, 66; II, p. 116, figs. 492, 498; Hauck 1983a, pp. 534–535, 594, pl. XVII.36; Varenius 1992, p. 63, fig. 26; Guber 2011, p. 143 cat. no. 67; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 11–12, 66, pl. 31a–b; in print b. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka, Kirche IV" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC1670" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4896", "value_resource_id": 4896, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4896", "display_title": "3D model for GP0365", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0365_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "232" } ], "ai2:limestoneType": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 325, "property_label": "Limestone Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "crinoid limestone" } ], "ai2:geologicalGroup": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 326, "property_label": "Geological Group", "is_public": true, "@value": "Högklint Formation (90%)" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nPåträffades 1911 i kyrkogårdsmuren precis norr om tornet. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotland Museum, magasinet på Visborgslätt. \n\nBeskrivning \nNästan helt bevarad dvärgsten (period B), bevarad längd 60 cm, största bredd 45 cm. Kantdekor och ett skepp med segel, över skeppet en rovfågel. \n\nDatering \nDateringen oklar, men tillhör perioden 500-600-talen. \n\nTolkning \nMöjligen kan rovfågeln symbolisera en valkyria. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "bird of prey" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "tail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "wing" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "eagle" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6411166" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "709898" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2197", "o:title": "GP 151 Halla Broa XX" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2227", "o:title": "GP 181 Hejdeby Råby" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2238", "o:title": "GP 192 Hejnum Mallgårds 2" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2413", "o:title": "GP 368 Stenkyrka kyrka IX" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2413", "o:title": "GP 368 Stenkyrka kyrka IX" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4896", "o:title": "3D model for GP0365" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/244", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 244, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2410", "o:id": 2410 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.793225555984826, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.531656617855674, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2414", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2414, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 369 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IV", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/e8bb4a0b30fc67b023b69ec340952740f594f7b7.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/e8bb4a0b30fc67b023b69ec340952740f594f7b7.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e8bb4a0b30fc67b023b69ec340952740f594f7b7.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:16+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-17T09:04:09+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3973", "o:id": 3973 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3973", "o:id": 3973 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 369 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IV" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0369" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The Lilla Bjärs cemetery in Stenkyrka parish, next to a stone mound. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka Lillbjärs" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hittades omkullfallen, 50 m norr om den nordöstra kanten av en stensättning. Bredvid sten nr III. Framsidan mot Norr" } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "Yes?" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM Storage" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The cemetery of Lillbjärs (or Lilla Bjärs, sometimes just Bjärs, also as Bjers), in Stenkyrka parish is one of the largest and most important grave fields on Gotland (RAÄ Stenkyrka 26:1; Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 118; Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 III:2, p. 627). It includes more than 1000 visible stone settings (rösen and other circular or almost circular stone mounds), as well as a ship-shaped stone setting from the Bronze Age (5 x 2.25 m) and a monumental (17 m in diameter) grave mound called ʻÄuglehaugʼ (or ʻUgglehaugʼ), which probably dates to the Migration Period. An old path of about 550 m leads through the entire area in an east-west direction. Many of the graves were robbed; only a small number have been excavated, including about a dozen dating to the Viking Period. Remarkable features of the stone mounds are a surrounding dry-stone wall consisting of several layers of limestone slabs, as well as the frequent occurrence of grave orbs (gravklot), erected stone slabs, and picture stones in the immediate context of the (Vendel or Viking Period) graves (ibid. pp. 582–583). Lindqvist published 19 picture stones from this grave field – GP 369–373, 377–381, 388–396, 429–431, 440 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I–XIX. \n\n“In November 1908, O. V. Wennersten reported in a letter to the National Antiquarian that a local, Emil Svensson in Tune, had discovered three picture stones on the ground belonging to Lillbjärs and taken custody of them. […] On this occasion, the antiquarian Emil Eckhoff visited the find place in the following summer and sent to SHM the stones [Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I–VI] as well as three fragments of another slab, which, however, did not clearly represent a picture stone. He also collected numerous grave orbs […]. In 1911, [Fredrik Nordin] visited the site and was given more information by Svensson about the find place and the circumstances of the discovery of the stones […]. When [Fredrik Nordin] returned in 1913 to conduct excavations, Svensson in the meantime had moved away, and unfortunately, it turned out to be impossible to locate all the find places described by him” (ibid.). Nordin excavated a number of stone settings in 1913 as well as in the following summer and discovered eight more picture stones in situ (Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII–XIV). Between 1910 and 1912, three more picture stones were reported to Gotlands Museum by Svensson and moved to Visby where they are still kept today (Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XV–XVIII). Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIX was found later, in 1927. \n\nMost of the picture stones from Stenkyrka church presumably came from the Lillbjärs cemetery as well. Nevertheless, the stock of picture stones from this site can by no means have been recorded completely, and there is good reason to believe that this grave field in the future will provide even more discoveries (cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 118). \n\nThe stones I–VI were discovered by the worker Emil Svensson in 1908. The picture stone Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IV was collected by Svensson near the road in the southern part of the grave field (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 118). The slab “[…] was found fallen over in the vicinity of the northeast edge of a damaged stone mound of approximately 9 m in diameter, 50 m north of the stone setting next to which [GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs] III was found. The stone seems to have stood with the obverse towards the north” (ibid. 123). The picture stones I–VI (SHM 13742) were delivered to Statens Historiska Museum by antiquarian Emil Eckhoff in 1909 (Fornvännen 1909, pp. 253–354). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2415", "value_resource_id": 2415, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2415", "display_title": "GP 370 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/5cc98d089a5b298a486b86dc8288602f6b39969b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0370.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2416", "value_resource_id": 2416, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2416", "display_title": "GP 371 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IX", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1662107adcd2249b6e6889b9baf1f182e60fa2be.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0371.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2417", "value_resource_id": 2417, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2417", "display_title": "GP 372 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/5bc6a141313b106e26f31e136a264c6f054bf9dc.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0372.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2418", "value_resource_id": 2418, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2418", "display_title": "GP 373 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIX", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/67835ae2cda1e85288f0e1c514101e040ccbf050.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0373.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2422", "value_resource_id": 2422, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2422", "display_title": "GP 377 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIa", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/109ddffce2d2033946a22eac345caa7c391d82ea.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0377.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2423", "value_resource_id": 2423, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2423", "display_title": "GP 378 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIb", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/68e3362a2f23ee6f4e87a0658b489412e407aba9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0378.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2424", "value_resource_id": 2424, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2424", "display_title": "GP 379 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIc", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/6a8f165cdddfe79e0cbc1bdb529d31f184764583.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0379.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2425", "value_resource_id": 2425, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2425", "display_title": "GP 380 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VId" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2426", "value_resource_id": 2426, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2426", "display_title": "GP 381 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIe" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2433", "value_resource_id": 2433, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2433", "display_title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/20ebf4feb6626832693622e94b44103744d0d211.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0388.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2434", "value_resource_id": 2434, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2434", "display_title": "GP 389 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/694b9f0ade9f60ba16bc50fe7933244ad7b963f7.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0389.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2436", "value_resource_id": 2436, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2436", "display_title": "GP 391 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs V", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/990c82a844982cfa9e85400ff4e50aa7cf3bbffe.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0391.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2437", "value_resource_id": 2437, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2437", "display_title": "GP 392 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/2dd329ae970f4f32dd0172bbd3b7b56ff4f4eecc.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0392.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2438", "value_resource_id": 2438, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2438", "display_title": "GP 393 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIV" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2439", "value_resource_id": 2439, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2439", "display_title": "GP 394 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/646ac1025575e1f16239d033733cac66deedfccb.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0394.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2440", "value_resource_id": 2440, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2440", "display_title": "GP 395 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cd3f96e2ea23815426e513d78c1073421cb88b76.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0395.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2441", "value_resource_id": 2441, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2441", "display_title": "GP 396 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b12df5764883ff37f2ed5bf223c333202cdf297a.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0396.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2474", "value_resource_id": 2474, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2474", "display_title": "GP 429 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVI", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e06c3ab493f0765c1f61d9d597bdc1435627dc6d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0429.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2475", "value_resource_id": 2475, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2475", "display_title": "GP 430 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XI", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ca143822ce548dfc7e46a97d7e0dfcdfceeb8394.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0430O.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2476", "value_resource_id": 2476, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2476", "display_title": "GP 431 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/bf9ee8013a52e35e0001b4315f03013a23484688.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0431.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2485", "value_resource_id": 2485, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2485", "display_title": "GP 440 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs X", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1cb2cc3c6d9e4be596d356acef7289788e6a1211.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0440.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, up to 17 cm thick. The obverse is quite even, with the exception of the root, the unevenness of which, however, could also be due to weathering; […] the narrow sides are rounded towards the back. The stone’s total length is 137 cm, the height above the base probably is 95 cm. The head is 68 cm wide, the neck 55 cm, and the base 70 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 123). The monument is completely preserved, only the right corner of the root is broken off. Furthermore, the root is damaged by a wide vertical fissure. Another crack can be seen at the stone’s left-hand edge. The surface is dark grey, dirty, and much weathered. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "137" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "70" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "17" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "The stone is not painted, and Olof Sörling’s sketch-like drawing published in Lindqvist’s book (1941/42 II, fig. 513), which does not depict any carvings, is the only documentation available. An early photograph of the stone kept in ATA (Run- och bildstenssamling 594:14) does not reveal any decoration as well. Nevertheless, there are a few remains of the decoration discernable on the stone, which are described by Lindqvist as follows: “Of the decoration essentially only the remains of an 11–12 cm wide framing border (with ribbon pattern?) on the stone’s left side and of the hull (and the sail?) of a watercraft in the field below a horizontal border at the level of the stone’s neck can be discerned” (ibid. pp. 123–124). Lindqvist compares these carvings with the decoration of GP 238 Lokrume Lauks. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2284", "value_resource_id": 2284, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2284", "display_title": "GP 238 Lokrume Lauks", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/154b5c379faa278dfcec5cc12e01e7b089eb5780.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0238.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Middle-type picture stone, i.e. Type B according to Lindqvist, dating between AD 500 and 700. The stone belongs to those Type B stones described by Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 38–39) as ʻdwarf stonesʼ with convex head and pronounced corners protruding horizontally. He does not assign it to any subgroup. Regarding the shape, stones like GP 193 Hellvi Ire III and GP 74 Endre skog are good parallels. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2239", "value_resource_id": 2239, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2239", "display_title": "GP 193 Hellvi Ire III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e57cf8c7b3bbf101018d9f41c6bd0b096c3af4f4.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0193.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2121", "value_resource_id": 2121, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2121", "display_title": "GP 74 Endre skog", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/385997197feacf40f30834dbce85a832140ead51.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0074.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "B (ca. 500-700)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fornvännen 1909, pp. 253–354; Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 118, 123–124, fig. 513; Guber 2011, p. 147 cat. no. 75. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka, Lillbjärs IV" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4900", "value_resource_id": 4900, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4900", "display_title": "3D model for GP0369", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0369_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "280" } ], "ai2:shmID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 311, "property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "13742" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1908 vid ett gravröse, vid grävningar på gravfältet Lillbjärs. Överlämnades till Statens Historiska Museum 1909. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStatens Historiska Museum, magasinet i Tumba \n\nBeskrivning \nHelt bevarad ”dvärgsten” (period B), 137 cm hög och som bredast 70 cm. Bildstenen är vittrad, och endast rester av kantdekor och möjligen delar av ett fartygsskrov kan spåras. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, men tillhör perioden 500-600-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6410855" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "710614" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6581391" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "675775" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2415", "o:title": "GP 370 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2416", "o:title": "GP 371 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IX" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2417", "o:title": "GP 372 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2418", "o:title": "GP 373 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIX" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2422", "o:title": "GP 377 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIa" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2423", "o:title": "GP 378 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIb" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2424", "o:title": "GP 379 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIc" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2425", "o:title": "GP 380 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VId" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2426", "o:title": "GP 381 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIe" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2433", "o:title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2434", "o:title": "GP 389 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2435", "o:title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2436", "o:title": "GP 391 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs V" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2437", "o:title": "GP 392 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2438", "o:title": "GP 393 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2439", "o:title": "GP 394 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2440", "o:title": "GP 395 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2441", "o:title": "GP 396 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2474", "o:title": "GP 429 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVI" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2475", "o:title": "GP 430 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XI" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2476", "o:title": "GP 431 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2485", "o:title": "GP 440 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs X" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4900", "o:title": "3D model for GP0369" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/248", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 248, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2414", "o:id": 2414 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.790101605741064, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.543403860250464, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2415", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2415, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 370 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/5cc98d089a5b298a486b86dc8288602f6b39969b.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/5cc98d089a5b298a486b86dc8288602f6b39969b.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/5cc98d089a5b298a486b86dc8288602f6b39969b.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:16+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-17T09:02:09+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3974", "o:id": 3974 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3974", "o:id": 3974 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 370 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0370" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The Lilla Bjärs necropolis in Stenkyrka parish, next to a stone mound. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka Lillbjärs" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hittades vid undersökning av grav 2 på gravfältet Lillbjärs. Tätt utanför östra kanten av stensättningen. Framsidan upp, huvudet åt söder." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "Yes?" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM Storage" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The cemetery of Lillbjärs (or Lilla Bjärs, sometimes just Bjärs, also as Bjers), in Stenkyrka parish is one of the largest and most important grave fields on Gotland (RAÄ Stenkyrka 26:1; Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 118; Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 III:2, p. 627). It includes more than 1000 visible stone settings (rösen and other circular or almost circular stone mounds), as well as a ship-shaped stone setting from the Bronze Age (5 x 2.25 m) and a monumental (17 m in diameter) grave mound called ʻÄuglehaugʼ (or ʻUgglehaugʼ), which probably dates to the Migration Period. An old path of about 550 m leads through the entire area in an east west direction. Many of the graves were robbed, only a small number have been excavated, including about a dozen dating to the Viking Period. Remarkable features of the stone mounds are a surrounding dry-stone wall consisting of several layers of limestone slabs, as well as the frequent occurrence of grave orbs (gravklot), erected stone slabs, and picture stones in the immediate context of the (Vendel or Viking Period) graves (ibid. pp. 582–583). Lindqvist published 19 picture stones from this grave field – GP 369–373, 377–381, 388–396, 429–431, 440 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I–XIX. \n\n“In November 1908, O. V. Wennersten reported in a letter to the National Antiquarian that a local, Emil Svensson in Tune, had discovered three picture stones on the ground belonging to Lillbjärs and taken custody of them. […] On this occasion, the antiquarian Emil Eckhoff visited the find place in the following summer and sent to SHM the stones [Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I–VI] as well as three fragments of another slab, which, however, did not clearly represent a picture stone. He also collected numerous grave orbs […]. In 1911, [Fredrik Nordin] visited the site and was given more information by Svensson about the find place and the circumstances of the discovery of the stones […]. When [Fredrik Nordin] returned in 1913 to conduct excavations, Svensson in the meantime had moved away, and unfortunately, it turned out to be impossible to locate all the find places described by him” (ibid.). Nordin excavated a number of stone settings in 1913 as well as in the following summer and discovered eight more picture stones in situ (Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII–XIV). Between 1910 and 1912, three more picture stones were reported to Gotlands Museum by Svensson and moved to Visby where they are still kept today (Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XV–XVIII). Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIX was found later, in 1927. \n\nMost of the picture stones from Stenkyrka church presumably came from the Lillbjärs cemetery as well. Nevertheless, the stock of picture stones from this site can by no means have been recorded completely, and there is good reason to believe that this grave field in the future will provide even more discoveries (cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 118). \n\nThe stones VII–IX were discovered by Fredrik Nordin during investigations conducted in 1913 and delivered to Statens Historiska Museum in 1914 (Fornvännen 1915, p. 30; Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 118). The picture stone Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII was found next to grave no. 2 (ibid. fig. 508). “It lay just outside of the east edge of the carefully built wall of the stone mound [35 cm beneath the ground] and was covered with stones and gravel. The obverse was facing up, and the head pointed south” (ibid. 124). The grave mound (Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 IV:2, p. 660) was about 4 m in diameter and featured a kerb, a surrounding wall consisting of 10–12 layers of limestone slabs. An incomplete 20 x 60 m stone cist was incorporated into the southern part of the mound’s wall; it contained burned human bones and Viking Age objects such as two animal head brooches, fish-head pendants, other kinds of pendants, beads, and knives (ibid.) (SHM 15227:2b). A third animal head brooch was found close to the picture stone in the gravel (SHM 15227:2d). Just at the south edge of the mound, an erected limestone slab was located. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2414", "value_resource_id": 2414, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2414", "display_title": "GP 369 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e8bb4a0b30fc67b023b69ec340952740f594f7b7.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0369.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2416", "value_resource_id": 2416, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2416", "display_title": "GP 371 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IX", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1662107adcd2249b6e6889b9baf1f182e60fa2be.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0371.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2417", "value_resource_id": 2417, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2417", "display_title": "GP 372 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/5bc6a141313b106e26f31e136a264c6f054bf9dc.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0372.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2418", "value_resource_id": 2418, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2418", "display_title": "GP 373 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIX", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/67835ae2cda1e85288f0e1c514101e040ccbf050.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0373.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2422", "value_resource_id": 2422, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2422", "display_title": "GP 377 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIa", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/109ddffce2d2033946a22eac345caa7c391d82ea.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0377.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2423", "value_resource_id": 2423, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2423", "display_title": "GP 378 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIb", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/68e3362a2f23ee6f4e87a0658b489412e407aba9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0378.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2424", "value_resource_id": 2424, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2424", "display_title": "GP 379 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIc", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/6a8f165cdddfe79e0cbc1bdb529d31f184764583.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0379.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2425", "value_resource_id": 2425, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2425", "display_title": "GP 380 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VId" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2426", "value_resource_id": 2426, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2426", "display_title": "GP 381 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIe" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2433", "value_resource_id": 2433, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2433", "display_title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/20ebf4feb6626832693622e94b44103744d0d211.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0388.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2434", "value_resource_id": 2434, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2434", "display_title": "GP 389 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/694b9f0ade9f60ba16bc50fe7933244ad7b963f7.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0389.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2436", "value_resource_id": 2436, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2436", "display_title": "GP 391 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs V", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/990c82a844982cfa9e85400ff4e50aa7cf3bbffe.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0391.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2437", "value_resource_id": 2437, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2437", "display_title": "GP 392 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/2dd329ae970f4f32dd0172bbd3b7b56ff4f4eecc.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0392.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2438", "value_resource_id": 2438, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2438", "display_title": "GP 393 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIV" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2439", "value_resource_id": 2439, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2439", "display_title": "GP 394 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/646ac1025575e1f16239d033733cac66deedfccb.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0394.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2440", "value_resource_id": 2440, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2440", "display_title": "GP 395 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cd3f96e2ea23815426e513d78c1073421cb88b76.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0395.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2441", "value_resource_id": 2441, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2441", "display_title": "GP 396 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b12df5764883ff37f2ed5bf223c333202cdf297a.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0396.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2474", "value_resource_id": 2474, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2474", "display_title": "GP 429 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVI", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e06c3ab493f0765c1f61d9d597bdc1435627dc6d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0429.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2475", "value_resource_id": 2475, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2475", "display_title": "GP 430 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XI", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ca143822ce548dfc7e46a97d7e0dfcdfceeb8394.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0430O.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2476", "value_resource_id": 2476, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2476", "display_title": "GP 431 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/bf9ee8013a52e35e0001b4315f03013a23484688.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0431.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2485", "value_resource_id": 2485, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2485", "display_title": "GP 440 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs X", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1cb2cc3c6d9e4be596d356acef7289788e6a1211.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0440.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, up to 10 cm thick. The obverse has little humps and certainly is not hewn. The narrow sides are rounded towards the back. The reverse is rough and unworked. The stone’s total height is 100 cm, of which about 75 are accounted for by the part above the root. The head is 37 cm wide, the neck 30 cm, and the base 49 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 124). The mushroom-shaped monument is completely preserved, including the root. A diagonal crack runs through the surface, dividing it into an upper and a lower half. The stone is much weathered and eroded. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "100" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "49" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "10" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "The stone is not painted, Lindqvist only reproduces a photo of the unpainted monument and a drawing made by Olof Sörling (1941/42 II, figs. 515, 517). The photo, which was taken by H. Faith-Ell in 1933, does not reveal many remains of carvings; only the inner frame of the border decoration can partly be discerned (cf. ATA 1718:29). A photo from 1925, on which even fewer details are visible, is kept in ATA as well (594:37b). Sörling’s drawing, however, depicts a female figure in the stone’s head panel, with raised hand, as if holding a drinking vessel. Lindqvist (ibid. p. 125) describes the carvings as follows: “The stone is decorated with carved lines and faintly chiseled background fields. Inside of the 8–9 cm wide border, which appeared to have contained a ribbon pattern, are two panels that are separated from each other by a horizontal bar some considerable distance below the neck. The upper panel contains the image of a human, probably a woman, who, according to OS’s [i.e., Olof Sörling’s] drawing, is walking towards the left, but perhaps ought to be envisaged as walking in the opposite direction instead. In the lower panel, there obviously was the image of a ship with a sail with rhombic pattern.” The depiction of a single human figure in the head panel of a picture stone is a remarkable and unparalleled feature. The sailing ship and the ribbon pattern of the framing border observed by Lindqvist, however, are not depicted by Sörling and hard to verify. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Mushroom-shaped late-type ʻdwarf stoneʼ, which means Lindqvist’s ʻAbschnittʼ C/D or perhaps even E. Those stones, with only few remains of decoration are left, can only be roughly dated to the period between the 8th century and about AD 1100. Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 44) assigns Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII to ʻAbschnittʼ C, which he dates to the time around AD 700. According to recent research, however, those monuments must be dated between the 8th and the 10th century. According to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012, p. 160) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type dwarf4, which occurs in his periods 4 (Late Vendel Period), 5 (Early Viking Period), and 6 (Middle Viking Period). The objects found in the stone cist (see IV), which seems to be incorporated into the mound in a later period, can be dated to the 10th century. Animal-head brooches of the type found close to the picture stone (Type 5a) can be dated to the 10th and 11th centuries (Periods VIII:2–3). " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" }, { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "E (ca. 1000-1150)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fornvännen 1915, p. 30; Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 118, 124–125, figs. 508, 515, 517; Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 IV:2, p. 660; Helmbrecht 2011, p. 485 cat. no. 835. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka, Lillbjärs VII" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4901", "value_resource_id": 4901, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4901", "display_title": "3D model for GP0370", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0370_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "282" } ], "ai2:shmID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 311, "property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "15227" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1913 vid ett gravröse, vid grävningar på gravfältet Lillbjärs. Överlämnades till Statens Historiska Museum 1914. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStatens Historiska Museum, magasinet i Tumba \n\nBeskrivning \nSvampformig ”dvärgsten” (period CD), 100 cm hög och som bredast 49 cm. Bildstenen består av två bildfält, i det övre en stående människa, kanske en kvinna, i det nedre fältet svaga spår av ett skepp med segel. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, men tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "woman" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "dress" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "long hair" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "arm" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6410855" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "710614" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6581391" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "675775" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2414", "o:title": "GP 369 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2416", "o:title": "GP 371 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IX" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2417", "o:title": "GP 372 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2418", "o:title": "GP 373 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIX" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2422", "o:title": "GP 377 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIa" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2423", "o:title": "GP 378 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIb" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2424", "o:title": "GP 379 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIc" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2425", "o:title": "GP 380 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VId" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2426", "o:title": "GP 381 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIe" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2433", "o:title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2434", "o:title": "GP 389 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2435", "o:title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2436", "o:title": "GP 391 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs V" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2437", "o:title": "GP 392 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2438", "o:title": "GP 393 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2439", "o:title": "GP 394 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2440", "o:title": "GP 395 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2441", "o:title": "GP 396 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2474", "o:title": "GP 429 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVI" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2475", "o:title": "GP 430 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XI" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2476", "o:title": "GP 431 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2485", "o:title": "GP 440 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs X" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2200", "o:title": "GP 154 Halla Broa 21" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2434", "o:title": "GP 389 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs II" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4901", "o:title": "3D model for GP0370" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/249", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 249, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2415", "o:id": 2415 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.790101605741064, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.543403860250464, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2430", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2430, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 385 Stenkyrka kyrka 10", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/688863f79fca6e2ee2def5ee0d7372a496203243.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/688863f79fca6e2ee2def5ee0d7372a496203243.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/688863f79fca6e2ee2def5ee0d7372a496203243.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:17+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-08-26T11:09:15+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4358", "o:id": 4358 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4358", "o:id": 4358 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 385 Stenkyrka kyrka 10 " } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0385" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka church" } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka kyrka" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Påträffad vid restaurering av kyrkan" } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Visby" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Visby Airport" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Other" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment was found in Stenkyrka church, where it had been re-used as building material. More information about the actual find location and kind of re-use is not available. In his book “Gotlands Bildsteine”, Sune Lindqvist (1941/42 II, pp. 115–118) lists nine picture stones from Stenkyrka church. By contrast, the list put together by Jan Peder Lamm in 2003 contains no fewer than 40 new discoveries (Lamm/Nylén 2003, nos. 238–276, 425, 426). Many of the new finds from the church were discovered during a large-scale restoration, which was carried out in 1954/55 according to plans by the architect Rolf Bergh. Stenkyrka kyrka 10 was also found on this occasion, in 1955. Today, the stone is on display in the arrival hall of Visby Airport. \n\nThe earliest church at this place was probably a wooden building that was replaced by a stone church in the first half of the twelfth century. The foundations of the first stone church have been discovered beneath the floor of the current church, which was built during the thirteenth century. The nave was erected shortly after the dedication of the choir in 1255, the new tower between 1280 and 1310 (on the building’s architectural history, see Roosval 1911, pp. 84–86; 1914, pp. 1–52, esp. 21–24; Lagerlöf/Svahnström 1991, pp. 239–243). The unusually large number of stones found not only in the church but in the entire parish is an indicator of the political and religious position that Stenkyrka probably already held even before the first church was built (see Roosval 1914, p. 5). " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The limestone slab is 1.44 m high and 0.70 m wide between the protruding corners of the head. The mushroom-shaped monument is almost completely preserved and undamaged; only a small part of the root is broken off at an angle at the bottom. The obverse is relatively flat and well-preserved. However, the head field is somewhat uneven and more weathered. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "144" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "70" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "customvocab:10", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "The bas-relief depictions were secondarily repainted after the discovery of the stone; a corresponding photograph (neg. no. XV:440) is preserved in the old catalogue of Gotlands Fornsal (kartoteket). The following can be taken from the photo: The obverse is divided into two picture panels, a head field and a lower field. The lower field shows, on a row of six waves turned to the left, a sailing ship with a chequered sail. The sail’s upper framing line separates the ship image from the head field. The hull of the ship is box-shaped, with vertically ascending stems tapering to a point at the top. On the ship, apparently standing with their feet on the railing, three crew members are depicted facing left, one to the left of the mast and two to the right. While the figure on the far right remains extremely unclear (perhaps he is seated holding the rudder that extends from the hull at the bottom right), the other two men are clearly visible. They have long, pony-tailed hair and are each holding a sheet rope in their hands, which is connected to the lower framing line of the sail. In the upper field, only very faint remnants of the decoration are visible, probably parts of the extremities and body of a horse. It is likely to have been an equestrian motif. The border that frames the picture fields is filled with a complex interlace pattern that forms a row of figure-eight-shaped elements. On the left side, however, this unusual pattern merges into irregular, diffuse decoration. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Regarding the (eschatological) interpretation of the ship and horseman motifs see in particular GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall mushroom-shaped late-type picture stone. The monument belongs to a small group of large Type C(/D) stones with slightly convex head and corners protruding at right angles to the body (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, tbl. III). Best examples are GP 37 Bro Eriks I, GP 45 Bro Eriks II, GP 185 Hejnum Rings, and GP 191 Hejnum Mallgårds 1 (and also the Type E stone GP 32 Boge kyrka, which represents a palimpsest). This head shape corresponds to certain Type B ʻdwarf stonesʼ. Therefore, Lindqvist (ibid. p. 46) regards the mentioned monuments as a “Hybridgruppe”, probably representing a phase of transition between ʻAbschnittʼ B and C. If this interpretation is correct, those stones could be regarded as the earliest Type C stones, presumably dating to the 8th century or possibly around 700. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2084", "value_resource_id": 2084, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2084", "display_title": "GP0037", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/49e5d0744d4567eff73da218d9c0b41f3f202a35.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0037.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2092", "value_resource_id": 2092, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2092", "display_title": "GP0045", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a7fed3f3c9db0e91e02faae04e0847813ef2afc.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0045.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2231", "value_resource_id": 2231, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2231", "display_title": "GP 185 Hejnum Rings", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/30045aa2d70af628da4ac73f170885e647fddf80.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0185A.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2237", "value_resource_id": 2237, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2237", "display_title": "GP 191 Hejnum Mallgårds 1", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/855ec9431b6c9e9bfbe4f6c67dad7f8bf35813e5.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0191.JPG", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2079", "value_resource_id": 2079, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2079", "display_title": "GP 32 Boge kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/654d1307c8195d98c52882ecdf4f2f2a47998687.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0032A.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Oehrl 2019a, p. 211. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka, Kirche IX" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC10797" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4916", "value_resource_id": 4916, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4916", "display_title": "3D model for GP0385", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0385_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "238" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1954-55 i Stenkyrka kyrka, men oklart var. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nVisby flygplats. \n\nBeskrivning \nEn svampformig bildsten (period C/D), 144 cm hög och 70 cm bred. Bildstenen är uppdelad i två bildfält. I det nedre bildfältet vågor, ett skepp med segel och tre stående besättningsmän, som håller i riggen. I det övre bildfältet svaga spår av en häst, troligen rester av en ryttarfigur. \n\nInskrift \nIngen inskrift. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, men tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "long hair" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6411166" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "709898" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4916", "o:title": "3D model for GP0385" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/262", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 262, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2430", "o:id": 2430 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.793225555984826, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.531656617855674, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2435, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:17+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-30T11:54:17+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4365", "o:id": 4365 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4365", "o:id": 4365 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0390" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" }, { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/runor/inscription?id=b2539210-ce12-4cdf-8e5a-ffbab68ce6ff", "o:label": "Runor" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The Lilla Bjärs cemetery in Stenkyrka parish, next to a stone mound. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka Lillbjärs" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Historiska Museet" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The cemetery of Lillbjärs (or Lilla Bjärs, sometimes just Bjärs, also as Bjers), in Stenkyrka parish is one of the largest and most important grave fields on Gotland (RAÄ Stenkyrka 26:1; Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 118; Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 III:2, p. 627). It includes more than 1000 visible stone settings (rösen and other circular or almost circular stone mounds), as well as a ship-shaped stone setting from the Bronze Age (5 x 2.25 m), and a monumental (17 m in diameter) grave mound called ʻÄuglehaugʼ (or ʻUgglehaugʼ), which probably dates to the Migration Period. An old path of about 550 m leads through the entire area in an east-west direction. Many of the graves were robbed, and only a small number have been excavated, including about a dozen dating to the Viking Period. Remarkable features of the stone mounds are a surrounding dry-stone wall consisting of several layers of limestone slabs, as well as the frequent occurrence of grave orbs (large spherical stones) (gravklot), erected stone slabs, and picture stones in the immediate context of the (Vendel or Viking Period) graves (ibid. pp. 582–583). Lindqvist published nineteen picture stones from this grave field – GP 369–373, 377–381, 388–396, 429–431, 440 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I–XIX. \n\n“In November 1908, O. V. Wennersten reported in a letter to the National Antiquarian that a local, Emil Svensson in Tune, had discovered three picture stones on the ground belonging to Lillbjärs and taken custody of them. […] On this occasion, the antiquarian Emil Eckhoff visited the find place during the following summer and sent to SHM the stones [Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I–VI] as well as three fragments of another slab, which, however, did not clearly represent a picture stone. He also collected numerous large spherical stones (gravklot) […]. In 1911, [Fredrik Nordin] visited the site and was given more information by Svensson about the find place and the circumstances of the discovery of the stones […]. When [Fredrik Nordin] returned in 1913 to conduct excavations, Svensson in the meantime had moved away, and unfortunately, it turned out to be impossible to locate all the find places described by him” (ibid.). Nordin excavated a number of stone settings in 1913 as well as in the following summer and discovered eight more picture stones in situ (Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII–XIV). Between 1910 and 1912, three more picture stones were reported to Gotlands Museum by Svensson and moved to Visby where they are still kept today (Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XV–XVIII). Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIX was found later, in 1927. \n\nMost of the picture stones from Stenkyrka church presumably came from the Lillbjärs cemetery as well. Nevertheless, the stock of picture stones from this site can by no means have been recorded completely, and there is good reason to believe that this grave field in the future will provide even more discoveries (cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 118). \n\nThe stones I–VI were discovered by the worker Emil Svensson in 1908 and delivered to Statens Historiska Museum (SHM 13742) by antiquarian Emil Eckhoff in 1909 (Fornvännen 1909, pp. 253–354). The picture stone Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III was found near the road, in the southern part of the cemetery, “close to Söderlund’s farm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 118, 122). It lay at the southern edge of stone mound no. 8, close to the surface (Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 IV:2, p. 661; cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 118). Elsewhere, however, Lindqvist notes that the slab lay about 2 m north of a small grave mound (1941/42 II, p. 122). Mound no. 8 (SHM 15227:8) was 2.5–2.8 in diameter and was surrounded by a wall of 4 to 6 layers of limestone slabs. It only contained a knife, charcoal, and bones of sheep. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2414", "value_resource_id": 2414, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2414", "display_title": "GP 369 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e8bb4a0b30fc67b023b69ec340952740f594f7b7.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0369.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2415", "value_resource_id": 2415, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2415", "display_title": "GP 370 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/5cc98d089a5b298a486b86dc8288602f6b39969b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0370.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2416", "value_resource_id": 2416, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2416", "display_title": "GP 371 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IX", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1662107adcd2249b6e6889b9baf1f182e60fa2be.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0371.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2417", "value_resource_id": 2417, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2417", "display_title": "GP 372 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/5bc6a141313b106e26f31e136a264c6f054bf9dc.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0372.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2418", "value_resource_id": 2418, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2418", "display_title": "GP 373 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIX", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/67835ae2cda1e85288f0e1c514101e040ccbf050.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0373.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2422", "value_resource_id": 2422, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2422", "display_title": "GP 377 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIa", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/109ddffce2d2033946a22eac345caa7c391d82ea.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0377.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2423", "value_resource_id": 2423, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2423", "display_title": "GP 378 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIb", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/68e3362a2f23ee6f4e87a0658b489412e407aba9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0378.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2424", "value_resource_id": 2424, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2424", "display_title": "GP 379 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIc", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/6a8f165cdddfe79e0cbc1bdb529d31f184764583.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0379.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2425", "value_resource_id": 2425, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2425", "display_title": "GP 380 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VId" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2426", "value_resource_id": 2426, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2426", "display_title": "GP 381 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIe" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2433", "value_resource_id": 2433, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2433", "display_title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/20ebf4feb6626832693622e94b44103744d0d211.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0388.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2434", "value_resource_id": 2434, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2434", "display_title": "GP 389 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/694b9f0ade9f60ba16bc50fe7933244ad7b963f7.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0389.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2436", "value_resource_id": 2436, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2436", "display_title": "GP 391 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs V", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/990c82a844982cfa9e85400ff4e50aa7cf3bbffe.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0391.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2437", "value_resource_id": 2437, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2437", "display_title": "GP 392 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/2dd329ae970f4f32dd0172bbd3b7b56ff4f4eecc.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0392.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2438", "value_resource_id": 2438, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2438", "display_title": "GP 393 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIV" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2439", "value_resource_id": 2439, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2439", "display_title": "GP 394 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/646ac1025575e1f16239d033733cac66deedfccb.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0394.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2440", "value_resource_id": 2440, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2440", "display_title": "GP 395 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cd3f96e2ea23815426e513d78c1073421cb88b76.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0395.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2441", "value_resource_id": 2441, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2441", "display_title": "GP 396 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b12df5764883ff37f2ed5bf223c333202cdf297a.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0396.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2474", "value_resource_id": 2474, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2474", "display_title": "GP 429 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVI", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e06c3ab493f0765c1f61d9d597bdc1435627dc6d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0429.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2475", "value_resource_id": 2475, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2475", "display_title": "GP 430 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XI", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ca143822ce548dfc7e46a97d7e0dfcdfceeb8394.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0430O.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2476", "value_resource_id": 2476, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2476", "display_title": "GP 431 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/bf9ee8013a52e35e0001b4315f03013a23484688.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0431.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2485", "value_resource_id": 2485, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2485", "display_title": "GP 440 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs X", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1cb2cc3c6d9e4be596d356acef7289788e6a1211.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0440.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The slab represents a completely preserved mushroom-shaped picture stone which is in remarkably good condition. “Limestone slab, up to 10 cm thick at the base, up to 7 cm at the head. The obverse is even, the narrow sides are rounded towards the back. The reverse is rough and unworked. The stone’s total height is 86 cm, of which 73.5 cm are above the lower horizontal bar. The head is 40.5 cm wide, the neck 29 cm, and the base 45 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 122). " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "86" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "45" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "10" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "“The decoration had been sketched out in fine, probably cut lines, whereupon the background field was chiselled about 1 mm deep” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 122). Such preliminary sketches can only be observed on those monuments whose surfaces are particularly well preserved (cf. ibid. I, pp. 42–43; repeatedly Hauck, in particular, 1957b; Eshleman 2000; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 67–68 and passim [regarding Hauck’s research see 68–86, 169–172, 286–287, and passim]). Good examples are GP 161 Halla Broa III, GP 162 Halla Broa IV, GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I, and GP 258 Lärbro Tängelgårda I. Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 122) notes that “unfortunately, the contour lines were traced in ink by the finder – and in many places incorrectly. The result is clearly visible in several previously published photographs […].” All figures are remarkably detailed. In particular, the drapery of their garments and their faces are carved with fine lines and still well-preserved. \n\nThe stone is framed by a wide border with a complex interlace pattern. A simple horizontal band (with runic inscription, see VIII) divides the head and the neck of the stone from its lower part. The depictions in both image fields are described by Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 123: In the head field, there is an equestrian on a walking horse, turning to the right. The horseman wears a pointed helmet, a large shield with whorl pattern, and trousers gathered at the calves. A triple-symbol formed by three triangles is located behind the horseman’s neck. Another triple-symbol, formed by three drinking horns, is located above the horseman’s head. Each drinking horn’s narrow end pierces the broad end of another. Just next to the horse, in the right corner of the head, a woman is depicted, who seems to be standing on the horse’s right, raised foreleg. She faces the horseman and proffers a drinking horn. \n\nThe picture stone’s neck represents an approximately 10 cm high field without any chiselled background fields. The figure here is just carved or even sketched – a man in a knee-length tunic with belt, without clear headgear. He extends one hand and turns towards the right. Behind him there probably were once more figures, which now, however, are no longer identifiable. The lower edge of the neck field is formed by a simple horizontal border, consisting of two parallel lines, which contains the inscription (see VIII). The carved man is standing on the horizontal runic border. \n\nThe body of the stone, i.e., the monument’s lower half, is occupied by a ship with rounded stems with spiral terminals, a rudder on starboard, and a square sail uniformly framed on all four sides. The sail features a slightly inconsistent rhombic pattern formed by double lines. Above the railing emerge the torsos of two men each holding one sheet rope, the end of which forms a loop attached to a rope hanging from the sail’s lower edge. Below the ship’s rudder, a further triple symbol can be seen, representing a triangle with a semi-circular recess on each of its sides. Below the vessel, there are two huge waves breaking towards the right, in the direction of the ship’s movement, with crests stylised as interlace ornament. \n\nThe described depictions are easily discernible and documented by both photos of the painted stone and Olof Sörling’s drawing, reproduced in Lindqvist’s book (1941/41 I, figs. 104, 112; II, fig. 512). A collection of different photos of the painted and unpainted stone dating to the 1930s and 60s is kept in ATA (Run- och bildstenssamling). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2207", "value_resource_id": 2207, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2207", "display_title": "GP 161 Halla Broa III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0a4b22bb8da6bb7d59b33ea8abd309a6e3b47ccb.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0161.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2208", "value_resource_id": 2208, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2208", "display_title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a1bbec5d51ba0e734796179599db95712073b49d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0162.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2433", "value_resource_id": 2433, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2433", "display_title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/20ebf4feb6626832693622e94b44103744d0d211.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0388.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2304", "value_resource_id": 2304, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2304", "display_title": "GP0258", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/77873047d434a760273ee33746e1e5a43285e370.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0258.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Even if the images of the horseman’s welcome (adventus) on the Gotlandic picture stones can be traced back to Roman ideas, it must be assumed that those models were re-interpreted in the North (Vierck 1981). Since early research, the motif is assumed, on the basis of Old Norse literature, to depict the arrival of a slain warrior in Valhǫll – a valkyrie offers a welcome drink to the mounted newcomer (e.g. Nordin 1903, p. 150; Lindqvist 1941/1942 I, p. 96; Weber 1973; Ellmers 1973; 1980; 1986; 1995; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 47–50; 2020c, pp. 128–138). A stylised hall building that is supposed to represent Valhǫll can actually be seen on GP 21 Ardre Kyrka VIII and GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I, where the new arrival appears to be sitting on the eight-legged horse of the otherworldly host, Óðinn. See also GP 94 Garda Bote, GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I, and GP 212 Klinte Hunninge IV (Klintebys), which represent the horseman with further conclusive details. \n\nThe common Valhǫll-interpretation of the horseman motif essentially is based on the Eiríksmál (and on the Hákonarmál by Eyvindr skáldaspillir Finnsson that draws on them), a song of praise for the Norwegian king Eiríkr blóðøx (blood axe), written after 954 (von See 1981c; Kreutzer 1989; 1999; Marold 1972; 2006, pp. 228–234). This skaldic poem tells of a fallen warrior’s festive arrival at and admission of into Óðinn’s Valhǫll. Óðinn wakes the einherjar, the dead warriors living in Valhǫll, and requests them to arrange for the hero’s arrival, to prepare the benches and wash the cups. The valkyries are tasked with bringing the wine: […] bað ec […] valkyriur vin bera […] (stanza 1, Finnur Jónsson 1912–1915 A I, p. 174; B I, p. 164; Whaley 2012, p. 1006). In the Eddic poem Grímnismál, numerous valkyries are called by name whose job it is to offer drinking horns and serve beer to the dead warriors in Valhǫll: […] þær bera einheriom ǫl (stanza 36, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 64; cf. Gylfaginning 36, Faulkes 2005, p. 30). \n\nA greeting by a valkyrie to a dead man on horseback in front of the hall of the fallen is known from literature at least indirectly. There is, for example, the welcome given to Atli by Guðrún after Gunnarr’s murder in Atlaqviða (stanzas 32–33, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 245). This is, as shown by Wolf (1952, p. 101–102; 1965, p. 58–59; cf. von See et al. 2012, p. 336), fashioned according to a mythical model, in order to portray Atli as a doomed man: the poet calls Guðrún afkar dís, ‘terrible dís’, a term that can be regarded as a name for a valkyrie. The hall in front of which she welcomes the approaching horseman with a drink is called Valhǫll (stanzas 2 and 14). The Atlakviða appears to have been composed as early as the ninth century. At that time, the notion of the valkyrie welcoming the mounted warrior at the gates of Valhǫll with a drink already must have been very common. \n\nFurther indicators for a horse ride into the beyond are the triangular shapes over which the horse appears to step over on numerous picture stones. They are regarded as the fence that, as per Grímnismál (stanza 22, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 61) and Lokasenna (stanza 63, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 109), surrounds the realm of the dead (valgrindr, nágrindr) (Lindqvist 1941/1942 I, p. 99; Weber 1973, p. 95). According to Snorri, Sleipnir carries the god Hermóðr with a spectacular leap across this barrier (helgrindr) and thus into the kingdom of the dead (Gylfaginning 49, Faulkes 2005, p. 47). Frequently, the horseman is accompanied by a dog that precedes its master (e.g., GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I, GP 94 Garda Bote, GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I). Whether the dog, as in many cultures of the ancient world, should be regarded as a psychopomp (e.g., Gräslund 2004) or a hound of hell (e.g., Weber 1973, p. 98), or rather as the man’s trusty companion in life as in death, must remain open. A kind of a northern version of Cerberus is in fact provided by the Eddic poem Baldrs Draumar (stanza 2–3, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 277). \n\nAlso relevant here are figural bronze/silver pendants (and gold foil figures) that feature individual women with a drinking horn or a kind of cup in their hands (Helmbrecht 2011, pp. 121–123, fig. 23(a–l), cat. no. 86, 151, 153, 216, 227, 236, 525, 670, 725, 803, 811, 1013, 1034, 1049, 1173). The meaning of those figures is subject of controversy (Simek 2002, pp. 110–118; Plochov 2007; Helmbrecht 2011, 124–125; Heizmann 2015). In the light of the picture stones, they have frequently been considered as depictions of valkyries (e.g., Koktvedgaard Zeitzen 1997, pp. 10–11; Price 2002, 336–337; Vang Petersen 2005, pp. 76–77). Particularly important are those figural pendants that show an armed woman greeting a horseman and offering him a cup (Helmbrecht 2011, pp. 68–71, fig. 2(a–b)–3(a–e), catalogue-no. 256–258, 105, 174, 196, 258; Gardeła 2018, pp. 404–408, tab. 3, fig. 5). That at least these martial ‘receptionists’ and servers of drinks should be regarded as valkyries welcoming the slain certainly is the most plausible explanation (Vierck 2002, 24–26). \n\nAs the valkyries by no means represent the only women in the world of the dead, nor the only mythical givers of drinks, other – albeit less convincing – alternatives for the woman with the drinking horn on Gotland’s picture stones have been put forward. She could represent the goddess Freyja (Göransson 1999, pp. 230–231), of whom Grímnismál says that she receives half of the fallen: according to the poem, the dead take their seats in the goddess’ hall, which may be thought of as a banqueting hall (stanza 14, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 60). It does not mention, however, that the dead are provided by the goddess with food and drink. But the woman with the drinking horn also could represent Hel, the goddess of the dead – Baldrs draumar indicates that mead was waiting for Óðinn’s dying son Baldr in Hel’s realm of the dead: Hér stendr Baldri / of brugginn mioðr, / scírar veigar (stanza. 7, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 278) (cp. Kopár 2012, pp. 99–101). The motif of the lady with the drinking horn has also been linked to the dísir (Simek 2002, p. 117; cf. Hellers 2012, pp. 129–133) – a group of female deities who are well documented in literature yet remain enigmatic; probably fertility goddesses associated with the Roman cult of the Matres. Occasionally the Matronae of votive stones are holding a cornucopia. Also scarcely convincing is the suggestion that the woman was the valkyrie Brynhildr/Sigrdrífa (Staecker 2004, pp. 64–65; 2006, pp. 364–365; 2013, pp. 49–51), who passes a mead horn to the hero Sigurðr after he had awakened her from an enchanted sleep: Hon tóc þá horn, fult miaðar, oc gaf hánom minnisveig (Sigrdrífomál stanza 1–2 and prose part, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 189). Gjessing believes the horseman is Óðinn and the woman with the horn the giant’s daughter Gunnlǫð, who serves him the mead of poetry (Gjessing 1943, pp. 78–80). \n\nApart from these considerations, the mythological character of the picture stones’ welcoming scenes has been called into question in general (Eshleman 2000, pp. 19–21; Ney 2007, p. 37; 2012). The proffering of a drinking vessel could be regarded as a universally valid formula of paying homage that derived from the eminent role of women in the drinking ceremonial of Germanic warrior retinues (Enright 1988; 1996). \n\nIn the context of the horseman’s welcome regarded a reception in the afterworld, the ships on the Viking Age picture stones are frequently considered as ships of the dead, vessels transporting the deceased into the beyond (e.g. Ebert 1919/20, pp. 188–189; Major 1924, p. 118; Almgren 1940, p. 32; Kreutzer 1988, p. 21; Ellmers 1973; 1986; 1995; Lindow 1993; Lamm/Nylén 2003, pp. 15–16, 22, 70; Hauck 1976a, p. 588; Egeler 2015, fn. 61; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 55–58; 2020c, pp. 151–166). The fact that the picture stones depict two different ways of travel into the world of the dead – by water and by horse – is explained by Ellmers in a way that is essentially plausible: according to him, boat ride and horse ride represent two consecutive phases in the deceased’s journey (cf. Lamm/Nylén 2003, p. 70; Hauck 1976a, p. 588; Althaus 1993, p. 139). The dead, he suggests, first must arrive by ship from the land of the living; having reached the shore on the other side, they continue their journey to Valhǫll by horse. The eight-legged horses on the stones GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII and GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I allegedly show that on his landing on the shore, the dead man is given the horse of his host, i.e., Óðinn’s horse Sleipnir. Here, Ellmers refers to the visit in 826 by the Danish king Harald Klak to Louis the Pious in Ingelheim; having landed on the shore of the river Rhine, Harald was received by Louis’ delegation, and as a special honour, the Emperor’s own horse was placed at his disposal for the ride to the imperial palace. \n\nAccording to numerous scholars (Stjerna 1905, p. 114; Ebert 1919/20, pp. 185–188, 196; Major 1924; Müller-Wille et al. 1978, pp. 277, 285; Ellmers 1992, p. 99; Egeler 2015, fn. 491, 572), the fact that Pre-Christian Scandinavians believed in a transmarine afterworld and a ship of the dead is proven by Vendel Period and Viking-Age ship burials as well as boat-shaped stone-settings (Müller-Wille 1968/69; 1974; 1995; Müller-Wille et al. 1978; Capelle 1986; 2004a; 2004b). In support of the thesis of a ship of the dead (Egeler 2015, pp. 113–180), it is argued in the case of the famous ship burial at Oseberg on the Oslofjord (dated 834) that the vessel in the grave appeared to have been ‘staged’ as being ready to put to sea; with its mast, rudder, and oars all prepared, with the anchor stowed on board, and with the ship (temporarily) moored to a bollard stone (Ebert 1919/20, p. 188; Major 1924, p. 147; Herschend 2000, pp. 143, 146, 148; Egeler 2015, pp. 147–148). The coins (including three unminted planchets) retrieved from the Anglo-Saxon royal ship burial at Sutton Hoo in East Suffolk (about 625) were interpreted as Charon’s pennies for the entire crew, as their number exactly matched the number of the oarsmen (Grierson 1970; cf. Müller-Wille et al. 1978, pp. 274, 276–277; Egeler 2015, pp. 149–150). In any case – and this is a serious indicator – the obolus custom, well documented in Germania since the third century, including Viking-Age Sweden, clearly refers to a concept of a transmarine world of the dead that can be reached by boat (Ebert 1919/20, p. 186; Gräslund 1965/66; Müller-Wille 1968/69, p. 148; Steuer 2002; Egeler 2013b, pp. 10–15). \n\nUnlike in Greco-Roman or Celtic antiquity, in the North the belief in a ship of the dead is documented only sparsely in literature (Grimm 1968 [1875–1878], pp. 693–697; Müller-Wille 1968/69, pp. 126–129; Althaus 1993, pp. 141–146; Egeler 2015, 114–135). Most sources mentioned in this context describe burials in a boat, but without clear reference to a journey into the beyond. One of the more applicable instances is Snorri’s account of the burial of the god Baldr (Gylfaginning 49, Faulkes 2005, 46 f; Lorenz 1984, 567-574; Lindow 1997, 69-100) which, at least in essence, traces back to the Húsdrápa by skald Úlfr Uggason from the tenth century (Finnur Jónsson 1912–1915 A I, pp. 136–138; B I, pp. 128–130.). It tells how the body of Óðinn’s son Baldr, together with his horse, is submitted to the sea in a burning ship. After the boat burial, it is related how Baldr’s brother Hermóðr talks to the guardian of the bridge leading across the underworld river Gjǫll (Gjallarbrú). She tells him that dead Baldr had crossed the bridge on his horse and ridden into the realm of Hel. Obviously, Baldr had travelled to the underworld in the burning ship and changed to the horse on the shore of the world of the dead (Egeler 2015, pp. 114–118). This corresponds to Ellmers’ suggested sequence of a journey into the beyond shown on the Gotlandic picture stones that combines travel in a boat and on horseback. \n\nAlso, reference must be made to the ship Naglfar, which, according to Snorri, during Ragnarǫk takes Loki and the giant Hrymr with the ‘sons of Muspell’ and an army of the dead (Heljar sinnar, ‘Hel’s companions’) to the fight against the gods (Gylfaginning 51, Faulkes 2005, 50; Vǫluspá stanza 50–51, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, pp. 11–12). It is generally accepted that the ship’s name means ‘ship of the dead’ or ‘ship of corpses’ (Lie 1954, pp. 153–154; De Vries 1959, p. 404; Müller-Wille 1968/69, p. 141; Egeler 2015, p. 128). That Naglfar also played a role independent from the Ragnarǫk myth, as a means of transport for the deceased, is probable (Krohn 1912; Major 1924, p. 127; Stjerna 1912, p. 115; Simek 2004, p. 78; Simek 1982; Egeler 2015, p. 128). Another reference to a transmarine world of the dead, on the shores of which the dead disembark, is provided by Vǫluspá, stanza 38 (Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 9; cf. Gylfaginning 52, Faulkes 2005, p. 53), by the toponym Nástrǫndr, ‛beach of the dead’ or ‛beach of corpses’ (Stjerna 1912, p. 113; Müller-Wille et al. 1978, p. 285; Ellmers 1986, pp. 348–349; Egeler 2015, pp. 125–126). \n\nFurthermore, Vǫlsunga saga (written down in the thirteenth century) relates how an old ferryman (Óðinn) transports the body of the hero Sinfjǫtli across a lake in a barge (Waser 1898, pp. 3, 7–8; Heide 2011, p. 61; Egeler 2015, pp. 128–129). The barge with the dead hero disappears and does not reappear again (ch. 10, Finch 1965, pp. 18–19). This account also is found in the prose text Frá dauða Sinfiotla in the Codex regius (Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 162). Not least because Sinfjǫtli’s rapture was recognised as one of several parallels between the saga and Arthurian epic poetry (Baesecke 1940, pp. 282–284, 286–287; Finch 1965, p. XXXV fn. 10; Egeler 2015, pp. 129–130), this reference should be handled with care. Of some interest in this context, however, is Gísla saga Súrssonar, written in the thirteenth century (Björn K. Þórólfsson/Guðni Jónsson 1943, p. 56). Its author tells of a burial in a boat, which is then covered by a mound. During the burial proceedings, a heavy rock is placed in the boat, probably with the aim, as is suggested by the context, to weigh down the vessel to such a degree that it cannot put to sea. Apparently, this was meant to prevent the journey of the interred person to the world of the dead (Rosén 1918, pp. 128–129, 166; Egeler 2015, pp. 121–125; differently Wiberg 1937; cf. Müller-Wille 1968/69, p. 137). \n\nOnly Skjǫldunga saga explicitly describes the burial in a ship as a journey to the realm of Óðinn (Major 1924, pp. 129–130; Müller-Wille 1968/69, pp. 129–130; Lindow 1997, pp. 85–86; Egeler 2015, pp. 118–119). Sigvardus boards the ship while alive, as rather than growing old, he rather wishes, in the manner of the ancestors, ‘to visit King Óðinn (i.e., the underworld) with royal splendour’ – [...] regali pompa Odinum Regem (id est inferos) invisere malle [...] (Jakob Benediktsson 1950, p. 463). This, however, is to be learned only from the saga’s Latin summary by Arngrímur Jónsson from 1596, while the saga itself, which probably was written about 1200, has not survived except for a few fragments (Acker 2007). \n\nThis, in essence, is the quite limited literary basis of the thesis of the ship of the dead in Pre-Christian Scandinavia. As the texts mentioned either do not explicitly allude to a boat ride into the realm of the dead but only hint at it, or were written at a comparatively late date, the existence of a concept of the ship of the dead in the pagan North is doubted in general by several scholars, and consequently, the ship imagery of the Gotlandic picture stones is interpreted in a different way – as pictures taken from the real life of the deceased person in whose honour the stone was erected, meant to glamorise the lifestyle of a warrior elite or celebrate the dead individual as a skilled seafarer, or refer to his death in a foreign country, while on a trade journey or in a sea battle (Lindqvist 1940, p. 55; 1941/1942 I, p. 92–93, 101; 1962, p. 22; von See 1981a, p. 118; Buisson 1976, p. 86; Holmqvist 1976, p. 566; Stenberger 1977, p. 342; Lindow 1993; Althaus 1993, pp. 137–182). \n\nLittle attention is paid in this discussion, however, to the fact that as early as in ‘Abschnitt’ A, there is iconographic evidence for the importance and function of the rowing boat as a vessel of the dead – see GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV and GP 428 Stenkyrka kyrka 46. On the Stenkyrka fragment, a flying spear marks the crewed rowing boat as belonging to the realm of death. In this way, we also should probably interpret the missile above the small ship on the Viking Age (Type C/D) picture stone GP 253 Lärbro St. Hammars I as a ‘spear of death’. The Viking Age (Type C/D) fragment GP 339 Rute St. Valle 2 probably represents Óðinn, god of the slain, accompanying the ship of the dead and marking it with his spear. See the relevant articles for more detailed information and bibliography (here only the most relevant literature: Oehrl 2019a, pp. 57, 105–120, 227–242; 2020c, pp. 157–158; in print a). \n\nThe figure behind the horseman of Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III, composed of three triangles, occurs on a number of late-type picture stones. It is known under two different terms – Norwegian/Swedish/Danish valknut (also valknude, valknop) and the Old Norse term Hrungnis hjarta (Hellers 2012, pp. 40–50). The first is not recorded before the beginning of the 18th century and refers to different kinds of knot- and loop-like symbols in Scandinavian folk art, in particular, those which are commonly described as ʻquatrefoil knotsʼ (Vierpassknoten, fyrpass). The etymology of valknut is unclear but usually interpreted as representing an Old Norse term valknútr which can be translated as ʻknot of the slainʼ. The Old Norse term Hrungnis hjarta (ʻHrungnirʼs heartʼ) originates from Snorri Sturluson’s Skáldskaparmál (ch. 17), written down around 1220. Snorri retells the myth about the god Þórr and his fight against the giant Hrungnir, who is described as having a special kind of heart: “Hrungnir átti hjarta þat er frægt er, af hǫrdum steini ok tindótt með þrim hornum svá sem síðan er gert var ristubragð þat er Hrungnis hjarta heitir” (Faulkes 1998, p. 21) – ʻHrungnir had a heart that is renowned, made of solid stone and spiky with three points just like the symbol for carving called Hrungnirʼs heart has ever since been madeʼ (Faulkes 1987, p. 78). The actual reason for depicting the giant’s heart on picture stones and other artifacts, however, remains unclear. Furthermore, it cannot be assumed with certainty that the connection between the symbol and the Hrungnir myth established by Snorri is based on ancient tradition. \n\nThe possible meaning of the so-called Hrungnis hjarta or valknut and other kinds of ʻtriangle signsʼ or ʻtriple symbolsʼ on late type picture stones, most of which are more-or-less triskele-like, has been discussed extensively by Hellers 2012, pp. 100–186 (with previous interpretations and relevant literature; see also Main 2020, pp. 31–34, 41, 44, 78–79 appendix 2). There may be a connection to the sphere of death and the supreme god Óðinn (who is also god of the fallen) since these signs mostly occur close to those motifs which are commonly regarded as depicting the afterlife journey (horseman, ship, and others; see in particular GP 258 Lärbro Tängelgårda I, GP 120 Grötlingbo Barshaldershed 6, GP 341 Sanda kyrka I) or sacrificial scenes (GP 59 Buttle Änge V and GP 253 Lärbro St. Hammars I). \n\nThere is a certain proximity between those picture stone triple symbols and the triquetra. The triquetra is a widespread decorative element in early medieval art, which in Christian contexts is mostly regarded as symbol of the Trinity (Traetteberg 1974; Moltke 1974; see also Main 2020). Possibly, the Gotlandic ʻtriple symbolsʼ are inspired by Continental or Western triquetra symbolism. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2141", "value_resource_id": 2141, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2141", "display_title": "GP0094", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/89d351acb925a49bbbc69ed6cd935473f2384af3.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0094.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "value_resource_id": 2258, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2258", "display_title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2395", "value_resource_id": 2395, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2395", "display_title": "GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a0f3efc5fb4baf2ee7d66f7a01baf52e87912a20.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0350.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2473", "value_resource_id": 2473, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2473", "display_title": "GP 428 Stenkyrka kyrka 46", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cf80fb7f442e093cfa7da0317203b32744faf3a3.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0428.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2299", "value_resource_id": 2299, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2299", "display_title": "GP 253 Lärbro Stora Hammars I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d633dfb0db357f71c420b161a1e48e1024726ee9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0253", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2384", "value_resource_id": 2384, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2384", "display_title": "GP 339 Rute St. Valle 2", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f2f482480f543f7cf6b285590bbf8cb7c420d43e.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0339.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2304", "value_resource_id": 2304, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2304", "display_title": "GP0258", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/77873047d434a760273ee33746e1e5a43285e370.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0258.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2167", "value_resource_id": 2167, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2167", "display_title": "GP0120", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/46171aa284fae7eec4ddcc269eca31cbc0e70fd9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0120.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2386", "value_resource_id": 2386, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2386", "display_title": "GP 341 Sanda kyrka I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b0a22f8bf7599dea66636e834db9b3016d8d9552.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0341.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2106", "value_resource_id": 2106, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2106", "display_title": "GP0059", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d5d3d9f2fa1040a0a1d071a1db733c8d5fd3eff0.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0059.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Mushroom-shaped late-type ʻdwarf stoneʼ. Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 44) assigns it to his ʻAbschnittʼ C which he dates to the time around AD 700. Current research, however, tends to date those monuments roughly to between the 8th century (or rather around AD 800) and the 10th century. According to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type dwarf4, which occurs in his periods 4 (Late Vendel Period), 5 (Early Viking Period), and 6 (Middle Viking Period). According to Varenius’ ship typology (1992, pp. 69–74 and appendix 2), the rigging of the ship depiction belongs to his group III (segelskepp med skot i hanfot), which he dates to the 9th or 10th centuries. Lisbeth Imer (2004, p. 104) dates the stone to after AD 750 or even after around AD 800 (2012, p. 117). The shape of the horse, in particular the shape of its head with its characteristic frame is reminiscent of Salin’s Style II and thus could be regarded as an indication of a date before AD 800. The runic inscription seems to point to the period between the 8th and the early 9th century, whereby a dating to the 10th century cannot be ruled out runologically (see VIII). " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "Yes" } ], "ai2:runicInscription": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 286, "property_label": "Runic Inscription", "is_public": true, "@value": "Transliteration: ᴅ-(a)^ʀ(u)(t^)ᴅuþ (cf. Gustavson/Snædal 2013, Stenkyrka p. 6)." } ], "ai2:runicContextComments": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@value": "The indecipherable inscription (G 268) has been characterized as mixture of older futhark runes and short-twig runes (ibid. and Snædal 2002, p. 48). Without doubt, the d-rune, clearly representing an older futhark rune, is carved two times on the stone, as well as the u-rune and probably the þ-rune, which occur in both the older and the younger futhark. Those characters of the Lillbjärs inscription which are supposed to represent clear short-twig runes, however, are difficult to discern and remain uncertain (Källström 2012, pp. 123–124). Therefore, it is imaginable that the entire inscription is executed in older futhark runes. Whatever the case, as the old d-rune is used, the inscription was probably carved before the early 9th century. However, it is entirely possible that certain older futhark runes were in use even longer on Gotland, until the 10th or even 11th century (Gustavson/Snædal 2013, Stenkyrka p. 6; cf. GP 111 Gothem kyrka 4 [= G 157]; GP 244 Lokrume kyrka [= G 252]; GP 76 Eskelhem kyrka; see Oehrl 2019a, p. 279). Those characters could also be regarded as division markers or para-script characters of other function (cf. Imer 2012, p. 117). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2158", "value_resource_id": 2158, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2158", "display_title": "GP0111", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4b7ec6b89a9c25ebf69b3765d21cd47ae99bfa2e.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0111.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2290", "value_resource_id": 2290, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2290", "display_title": "GP 244 Lokrume kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/8bfebd3965015e2868ab4f17511bb2f16da86821.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0244.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2123", "value_resource_id": 2123, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2123", "display_title": "GP 76 Eskelhem kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/24f4784ba423c11154a92b868d8ea9f36f67dfe8.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0076.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fornvännen 1909, pp. 253–354; Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 44, 75–78, 80, 82, 94, 102, figs. 104, 111–112, 114–115; II, pp. 118, 122–123, fig. 512; Helmbrecht 2011, p. 485 cat. no. 834; Hellers 2012, pp. 66–67, fig. 12, pl. 4a; Gustavson/Snædal 2013, Stenkyrka pp. 5–8; Kitzler Åhfeldt 2013a, p. 64; 2015, pp. 399, 418, figs. 38, 42; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 13, 24, 67, 275–277, 279, 291, figs. 4a, 32f, 331c–e; 2020c, fig. 15. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka, Lillbjärs III" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4921", "value_resource_id": 4921, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4921", "display_title": "3D model for GP0390", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "fler/GP0390_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "279" } ], "ai2:shmID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 311, "property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "13742" } ], "ai2:runverketID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 309, "property_label": "Runverket ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "G 268" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1908 vid ett gravröse, vid grävningar på gravfältet Lillbjärs. Överlämnades till Statens Historiska Museum 1909. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStatens Historiska Museum, magasinet i Tumba \n\nBeskrivning \nHelt bevarad ”dvärgsten” (period CD), 86 cm hög och som bredast 45 cm. Bildstenen är uppdelad i två bildfält, det övre med en ryttare och en kvinna som håller fram ett dryckeshorn. Bakom ryttarens nacke är tre trianglar flätade i varandra. I det nedre fältet avbildas ett skepp med segel. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, men tillhör perioden 700-1000-talen. \n\nTolkning \nVälkomstmotivet tolkas ofta som en avbildning av de dödes resa till dödsriket. Flätade trianglar kan hänga samman med et kristna triquetra-motivet, men kan också associeras med döden. \n\nInskrift \nBildstenen innehåller rester av en runinskrift, som inte kan tolkas. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "helmet" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "shield" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "whorl" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "trousers" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "valknut" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "drinking horn" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "woman" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "dress" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "tunic" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "belt" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "men" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "valkyrie" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6581391" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "675775" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:interpretations": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2123", "o:title": "GP 76 Eskelhem kyrka" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2207", "o:title": "GP 161 Halla Broa III" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2208", "o:title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2411", "o:title": "GP 366 Stenkyrka kyrka VI" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2605", "o:title": "GP 561 Väte Gullarve" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2230", "o:title": "GP 184 Hejnum Riddare" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2257", "o:title": "GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2258", "o:title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2320", "o:title": "GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2322", "o:title": "GP 276 När Rikvide (I)" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2430", "o:title": "GP 385 Stenkyrka kyrka 10" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2433", "o:title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2539", "o:title": "GP 494 Tingstäde kyrka 24" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2607", "o:title": "GP 563 Väte kyrka 2" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2051", "o:title": "GP 4 Alskog Ollajvs" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2088", "o:title": "GP 41 Bro Ekes" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2177", "o:title": "GP 131 Hablingbo kyrka (I)" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2324", "o:title": "GP 278 När Bosarve" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2606", "o:title": "GP 562 Väte Mölner" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2614", "o:title": "GP 570 Stenkyrka kyrkogården" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2299", "o:title": "GP 253 Lärbro Stora Hammars I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2302", "o:title": "GP 256 Lärbro Stora Hammars IV" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2199", "o:title": "GP 153 Halla kyrka 2" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2207", "o:title": "GP 161 Halla Broa III" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2208", "o:title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2216", "o:title": "GP 170 Halla kyrka 5" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2433", "o:title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2414", "o:title": "GP 369 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2415", "o:title": "GP 370 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2416", "o:title": "GP 371 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IX" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2417", "o:title": "GP 372 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2418", "o:title": "GP 373 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIX" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2422", "o:title": "GP 377 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIa" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2423", "o:title": "GP 378 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIb" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2424", "o:title": "GP 379 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIc" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2425", "o:title": "GP 380 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VId" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2426", "o:title": "GP 381 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIe" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2433", "o:title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2434", "o:title": "GP 389 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2436", "o:title": "GP 391 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs V" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2437", "o:title": "GP 392 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2438", "o:title": "GP 393 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2439", "o:title": "GP 394 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2440", "o:title": "GP 395 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2441", "o:title": "GP 396 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2474", "o:title": "GP 429 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVI" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2475", "o:title": "GP 430 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XI" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2476", "o:title": "GP 431 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2485", "o:title": "GP 440 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs X" } ], "ai2:runicContextComments": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2607", "o:title": "GP 563 Väte kyrka 2" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4921", "o:title": "3D model for GP0390" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2438", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2438, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 393 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIV", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": null, "medium": null, "square": null }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:17+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-11T10:50:27+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": null, "o:media": [], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 393 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIV" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0393" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The Lilla Bjärs cemetery in Stenkyrka parish, lying between two stone mounds." } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka Lillbjärs" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hittad bredvid den östra kanten av stensättning nr 25. Satt inklämd mellan stensättningen och murkanten av den angränsande stensättningen åt öster." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "Yes?" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Untraceable. Statens Historiska Museum in Stockholm? " } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Unknown" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The necropolis of Lillbjärs (or Lilla Bjärs, sometimes just Bjärs, also as Bjers), in Stenkyrka parish is one of the largest and most important grave fields on Gotland (RAÄ Stenkyrka 26:1; Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 118; Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 III:2, p. 627). It includes more than 1000 visible stone settings (rösen and other circular or almost circular stone mounds), as well as a ship-shaped stone setting from the Bronze Age (5 x 2.25 m), and a monumental (17 m in diameter) grave mound called ʻÄuglehaugʼ (or ʻUgglehaugʼ), which probably dates to the Migration Period. An old path of about 550 m leads through the entire area in an east-west direction. Many of the graves were robbed; only a small number have been excavated, including about a dozen dating to the Viking Period. Remarkable features of the stone mounds are a surrounding dry-stone wall consisting of several layers of limestone slabs, as well as the frequent occurrence of grave orbs (large spherical stones) (gravklot), erected stone slabs, and picture stones in the immediate context of the (Vendel or Viking Period) graves (ibid. pp. 582–583). Lindqvist published nineteen picture stones from this grave field – GP 369–373, 377–381, 388–396, 429–431, 440 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I–XIX. \n\n“In November 1908, O. V. Wennersten reported in a letter to the National Antiquarian that a local, Emil Svensson in Tune, had discovered three picture stones on the ground belonging to Lillbjärs and taken custody of them. […] On this occasion, the antiquarian Emil Eckhoff visited the find place during the following summer and sent to SHM the stones [Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I–VI] as well as three fragments of another slab, which, however, did not clearly represent a picture stone. He also collected numerous grave orbs (gravklot) […]. In 1911, [Fredrik Nordin] visited the site and was given more information by Svensson about the find place and the circumstances of the discovery of the stones […]. When [Fredrik Nordin] returned in 1913 to conduct excavations, Svensson in the meantime had moved away, and unfortunately, it turned out to be impossible to locate all the find places described by him” (ibid.). Nordin excavated a number of stone settings in 1913 as well as during the following summer and discovered eight more picture stones in situ (Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII–XIV). Between 1910 and 1912, three more picture stones were reported to Gotlands Museum by Svensson and moved to Visby where they are still kept today (Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XV–XVIII). Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIX was found later, in 1927. \n\nMost of the picture stones from Stenkyrka church presumably came from the Lillbjärs cemetery as well. Nevertheless, the stock of picture stones from this site can by no means have been recorded completely, and there is good reason to believe that this grave field in the future will provide even more discoveries (cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 118). \n\nThe stones X–XIV were discovered by Fredrik Nordin during investigations conducted in 1913 and 1914 and delivered to Statens Historiska Museum in 1916 (Fornvännen 1917, p. 15; Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 118–121). The picture stone slab Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIV was found in 1914 during Nordin’s excavation of grave mound no. 25, next to its walled edge, wedged between mound no. 23 and the wall edge of the adjoining stone mound towards the east (ibid. II, pp. 121, 126, figs. 509; see also Nordin’s report in ATA dnr 599/16). The mound no. 23 was 4 m in diameter and its surrounding wall consisted of 7 to 20 layers of limestone slabs (Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 IV:2, p. 662). Lindqvist (1941/42, p. 121) notes: “Grave 25 was investigated but its interior did not yield any finds. Just outside of the southwest edge of the wall, however, there lay a knife with broad back of a type common among Gotlandic grave finds of the 8th century, and at the wall’s east edge, wedged into the narrow gap to the neighbouring walling, the picture stone No. XIV. The wall of grave 25 was 58 cm high here. The picture stone lay 35 cm below the wall’s upper edge. Several indeterminable iron fragments were also observed.” The finds are kept in SHM (15645:13a–b). \n\nLindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 126) notes that the stone was not traceable at his time. He only reproduces a quite coarse sketch-like drawing by Olof Sörling (ibid. fig. 516; see VI). The monument is still lost. However, a photo of the stone taken by B. Bergman in 1927 is kept in ATA’s Run- och bildstenssamling (1290:43; dnr 5007/27). The caption reads: “På en grav vid vägen ej långt från Änglehaug” (ʻon a grave at the road not far from [the huge grave mound] Äuglehaugʼ). Interestingly, this brief description of the find spot is almost the same as noted for GP 373 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIX. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2414", "value_resource_id": 2414, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2414", "display_title": "GP 369 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e8bb4a0b30fc67b023b69ec340952740f594f7b7.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0369.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2415", "value_resource_id": 2415, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2415", "display_title": "GP 370 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/5cc98d089a5b298a486b86dc8288602f6b39969b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0370.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2416", "value_resource_id": 2416, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2416", "display_title": "GP 371 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IX", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1662107adcd2249b6e6889b9baf1f182e60fa2be.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0371.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2417", "value_resource_id": 2417, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2417", "display_title": "GP 372 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/5bc6a141313b106e26f31e136a264c6f054bf9dc.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0372.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2418", "value_resource_id": 2418, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2418", "display_title": "GP 373 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIX", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/67835ae2cda1e85288f0e1c514101e040ccbf050.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0373.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2422", "value_resource_id": 2422, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2422", "display_title": "GP 377 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIa", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/109ddffce2d2033946a22eac345caa7c391d82ea.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0377.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2423", "value_resource_id": 2423, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2423", "display_title": "GP 378 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIb", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/68e3362a2f23ee6f4e87a0658b489412e407aba9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0378.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2424", "value_resource_id": 2424, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2424", "display_title": "GP 379 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIc", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/6a8f165cdddfe79e0cbc1bdb529d31f184764583.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0379.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2425", "value_resource_id": 2425, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2425", "display_title": "GP 380 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VId" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2426", "value_resource_id": 2426, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2426", "display_title": "GP 381 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIe" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2433", "value_resource_id": 2433, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2433", "display_title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/20ebf4feb6626832693622e94b44103744d0d211.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0388.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2434", "value_resource_id": 2434, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2434", "display_title": "GP 389 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/694b9f0ade9f60ba16bc50fe7933244ad7b963f7.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0389.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2436", "value_resource_id": 2436, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2436", "display_title": "GP 391 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs V", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/990c82a844982cfa9e85400ff4e50aa7cf3bbffe.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0391.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2437", "value_resource_id": 2437, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2437", "display_title": "GP 392 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/2dd329ae970f4f32dd0172bbd3b7b56ff4f4eecc.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0392.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2439", "value_resource_id": 2439, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2439", "display_title": "GP 394 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/646ac1025575e1f16239d033733cac66deedfccb.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0394.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2440", "value_resource_id": 2440, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2440", "display_title": "GP 395 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cd3f96e2ea23815426e513d78c1073421cb88b76.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0395.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2441", "value_resource_id": 2441, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2441", "display_title": "GP 396 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b12df5764883ff37f2ed5bf223c333202cdf297a.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0396.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2474", "value_resource_id": 2474, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2474", "display_title": "GP 429 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVI", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e06c3ab493f0765c1f61d9d597bdc1435627dc6d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0429.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2475", "value_resource_id": 2475, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2475", "display_title": "GP 430 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XI", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ca143822ce548dfc7e46a97d7e0dfcdfceeb8394.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0430O.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2476", "value_resource_id": 2476, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2476", "display_title": "GP 431 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/bf9ee8013a52e35e0001b4315f03013a23484688.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0431.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2485", "value_resource_id": 2485, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2485", "display_title": "GP 440 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs X", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1cb2cc3c6d9e4be596d356acef7289788e6a1211.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0440.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“This stone – which broke in two during its retrieval and was damaged at its right edge – could not be found again. According to [Fredrik Nordin’s] notes, it was of rough limestone with scattered harder areas and had a maximum width of 4 cm. Its total height was 60 cm, the width of the head was 29.5 cm, that of the neck 25.5 cm, that of the bottommost part 32.5 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 126). In the photo taken in 1927 (see IV), the slab lies on a grass-covered ground and seems to still be preserved in one piece. Its surface seems weathered and partly overgrown with lichen. Apart from the small broken-off piece at the right edge of the stone’s neck and perhaps a part of the root, the monument seems to have been almost completely preserved. The mushroom shape had been easily discernible. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "60" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "32" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "4" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "customvocab:10", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist only provides a sketch-like drawing produced on silk paper by Olof Sörling (II, fig. 516). It depicts the crack which appears to divide the head from the stone’s body as well as some scattered lines, which are carefully described by Lindqvist (ibid. p. 127): “Of the decoration, only indistinct remains survive. At a distance of 6.5 cm, two parallel lines run along the left edge, two more, also running parallel to each other, were just inside of the upper edge. The stone likely also had a border with double demarcation lines. A square shape like a small sail was also observed at the transition of neck and head.” " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Mushroom-shaped late type ʻdwarf stoneʼ, which means ʻAbschnittʼ C/D or E according to Lindqvist. Those stones, if almost no decoration is left, can only be roughly dated to the period between the 8th century and around AD 1100. Next to the stone mound, a knife was found (see IV), which Lindqvist believed to date to the late Vendel Period (8th century). For unclear reasons, Sonja Guber regards the stone as a Type B monument (2011, p. 148 cat. no. 77). " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" }, { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "E (ca. 1000-1150)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fornvännen 1917, p. 15; Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 121, 126–127, figs. 509, 516; Guber 2011, p. 148 cat. no. 77. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka, Lillbjärs XIV" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4924", "value_resource_id": 4924, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4924", "display_title": "3D model for GP0393", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0393_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "289" } ], "ai2:shmID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 311, "property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "15645:136" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1913-14, liggande mellan två gravröse, vid grävningar på gravfältet Lillbjärs. Överlämnades till Statens Historiska Museum 1916, men kan inte återfinnas. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nOkänd \n\nBeskrivning \nTill största delen bevarad svampformig ”dvärgsten” (period CD eller E), 60 cm hög och som bredast 32,5 cm. Spår av kantdekor och möjligen ett litet segel. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, men tillhör perioden 700-1000-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6410855" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "710614" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6581391" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "675775" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2414", "o:title": "GP 369 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2415", "o:title": "GP 370 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2416", "o:title": "GP 371 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IX" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2417", "o:title": "GP 372 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2418", "o:title": "GP 373 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIX" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2422", "o:title": "GP 377 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIa" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2423", "o:title": "GP 378 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIb" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2424", "o:title": "GP 379 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIc" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2425", "o:title": "GP 380 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VId" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2426", "o:title": "GP 381 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIe" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2433", "o:title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2434", "o:title": "GP 389 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2436", "o:title": "GP 391 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs V" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2437", "o:title": "GP 392 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2439", "o:title": "GP 394 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2440", "o:title": "GP 395 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2441", "o:title": "GP 396 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2474", "o:title": "GP 429 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVI" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2475", "o:title": "GP 430 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XI" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2476", "o:title": "GP 431 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2435", "o:title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2485", "o:title": "GP 440 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs X" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4924", "o:title": "3D model for GP0393" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/267", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 267, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2438", "o:id": 2438 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.790101605741064, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.543403860250464, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2440", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2440, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 395 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVII", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/cd3f96e2ea23815426e513d78c1073421cb88b76.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/cd3f96e2ea23815426e513d78c1073421cb88b76.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cd3f96e2ea23815426e513d78c1073421cb88b76.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:17+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-08-26T11:12:37+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4369", "o:id": 4369 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4369", "o:id": 4369 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 395 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVII" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0395" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The Lilla Bjärs cemetery in Stenkyrka parish, location unknown. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka Lillbjärs" } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The cemetery of Lillbjärs (or Lilla Bjärs, sometimes just Bjärs, also as Bjers), in Stenkyrka parish is one of the largest and most important grave fields on Gotland (RAÄ Stenkyrka 26:1; Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 118; Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 III:2, p. 627). It includes more than 1000 visible stone settings (rösen and other circular or almost circular stone mounds), as well as a ship-shaped stone setting from the Bronze Age (5 x 2.25 m), and a monumental (17 m in diameter) grave mound called ʻÄuglehaugʼ (or ʻUgglehaugʼ), which probably dates to the Migration Period. An old path of about 550 m leads through the entire area in an east-west direction. Many of the graves were robbed; only a small number have been excavated, including about a dozen dating to the Viking Period. Remarkable features of the stone mounds are a surrounding dry-stone wall consisting of several layers of limestone slabs, as well as the frequent occurrence of grave orbs (large spherical stones) (gravklot), erected stone slabs, and picture stones in the immediate context of the (Vendel or Viking Period) graves (ibid. pp. 582–583). Lindqvist published nineteen picture stones from this grave field – GP 369–373, 377–381, 388–396, 429–431, 440 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I–XIX. \n\n“In November 1908, O. V. Wennersten reported in a letter to the National Antiquarian that a local, Emil Svensson in Tune, had discovered three picture stones on the ground belonging to Lillbjärs and taken custody of them. […] On this occasion, the antiquarian Emil Eckhoff visited the find place during the following summer and sent the stones to SHM [Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I–VI] as well as three fragments of another slab, which, however, did not clearly represent a picture stone. He also collected numerous grave orbs (gravklot) […]. In 1911, [Fredrik Nordin] visited the site and was given more information by Svensson about the find place and the circumstances of the discovery of the stones […]. When [Fredrik Nordin] returned in 1913 to conduct excavations, Svensson in the meantime had moved away, and unfortunately, it turned out to be impossible to locate all the find places described by him” (ibid.). Nordin excavated a number of stone settings in 1913 as well as during the following summer and discovered eight more picture stones in situ (Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII–XIV). Between 1910 and 1912, three more picture stones were reported to Gotlands Museum (Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XV–XVIII). Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIX was found later, in 1927. \n\nMost of the picture stones from Stenkyrka church presumably came from the Lillbjärs necropolis as well. Nevertheless, the stock of picture stones from this site can by no means have been recorded completely, and there is good reason to believe that this grave field in the future will provide even more discoveries (cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 118). \n\nThe stones XV–XVIII were discovered by the worker Emil Svensson and delivered to Gotlands Museum by Fredrik Nordin in 1911 or 1913 respectively. About these stones, according to Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 121), “[...] only little of importance could be found out”. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2414", "value_resource_id": 2414, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2414", "display_title": "GP 369 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e8bb4a0b30fc67b023b69ec340952740f594f7b7.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0369.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2415", "value_resource_id": 2415, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2415", "display_title": "GP 370 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/5cc98d089a5b298a486b86dc8288602f6b39969b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0370.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2416", "value_resource_id": 2416, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2416", "display_title": "GP 371 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IX", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1662107adcd2249b6e6889b9baf1f182e60fa2be.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0371.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2417", "value_resource_id": 2417, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2417", "display_title": "GP 372 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/5bc6a141313b106e26f31e136a264c6f054bf9dc.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0372.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2418", "value_resource_id": 2418, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2418", "display_title": "GP 373 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIX", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/67835ae2cda1e85288f0e1c514101e040ccbf050.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0373.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2422", "value_resource_id": 2422, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2422", "display_title": "GP 377 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIa", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/109ddffce2d2033946a22eac345caa7c391d82ea.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0377.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2423", "value_resource_id": 2423, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2423", "display_title": "GP 378 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIb", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/68e3362a2f23ee6f4e87a0658b489412e407aba9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0378.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2424", "value_resource_id": 2424, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2424", "display_title": "GP 379 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIc", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/6a8f165cdddfe79e0cbc1bdb529d31f184764583.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0379.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2425", "value_resource_id": 2425, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2425", "display_title": "GP 380 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VId" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2426", "value_resource_id": 2426, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2426", "display_title": "GP 381 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIe" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2433", "value_resource_id": 2433, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2433", "display_title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/20ebf4feb6626832693622e94b44103744d0d211.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0388.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2434", "value_resource_id": 2434, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2434", "display_title": "GP 389 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/694b9f0ade9f60ba16bc50fe7933244ad7b963f7.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0389.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2436", "value_resource_id": 2436, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2436", "display_title": "GP 391 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs V", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/990c82a844982cfa9e85400ff4e50aa7cf3bbffe.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0391.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2437", "value_resource_id": 2437, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2437", "display_title": "GP 392 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/2dd329ae970f4f32dd0172bbd3b7b56ff4f4eecc.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0392.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2438", "value_resource_id": 2438, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2438", "display_title": "GP 393 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIV" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2439", "value_resource_id": 2439, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2439", "display_title": "GP 394 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/646ac1025575e1f16239d033733cac66deedfccb.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0394.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2441", "value_resource_id": 2441, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2441", "display_title": "GP 396 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b12df5764883ff37f2ed5bf223c333202cdf297a.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0396.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2474", "value_resource_id": 2474, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2474", "display_title": "GP 429 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVI", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e06c3ab493f0765c1f61d9d597bdc1435627dc6d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0429.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2475", "value_resource_id": 2475, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2475", "display_title": "GP 430 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XI", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ca143822ce548dfc7e46a97d7e0dfcdfceeb8394.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0430O.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2476", "value_resource_id": 2476, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2476", "display_title": "GP 431 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/bf9ee8013a52e35e0001b4315f03013a23484688.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0431.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2485", "value_resource_id": 2485, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2485", "display_title": "GP 440 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs X", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1cb2cc3c6d9e4be596d356acef7289788e6a1211.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0440.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment represents a piece of the lower part of a late-type picture stone, including its lower right corner and the lower part of the right edge. The root is broken off. “Limestone slab, up to 7 cm thick. The obverse is unworked, but at least reasonably even. The preserved piece of the lower part of the right narrow side is hewn at right angles towards the obverse. The reverse is rough and unworked. The surviving fragment is up to 56 cm wide and 58 cm high” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 127). The surface is weathered but the carvings are still relatively easily discernible. \n\nThere are some similarities between Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVII and GP 371 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IX, in particular, regarding the border pattern (see VI), wherefore Lindqvist considered (1941/42 II, p. 125) “[…] that both stones were executed by the same person. Considering the circumstances of the discoveries, the possibility may even be considered that the two stones originally were part of the same monument.” According to Lindqvist, it turned out, however, that a cast made of Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVII in Gotlands Fornsal did not match the fragment GP 371 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IX which is kept in SHM. “Therefore, I rather tend towards the opinion that No. IX never had a decorated field that was larger than that preserved today and therefore cannot have constituted the upper part of No. XVII. \"" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2416", "value_resource_id": 2416, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2416", "display_title": "GP 371 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IX", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1662107adcd2249b6e6889b9baf1f182e60fa2be.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0371.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "57" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "56" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "7,5" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist provides only one picture of the fragment, a photo of the painted stone, which was taken by H. Faith-Ell in 1937 (1941/42 I, fig. 107; ATA B3:91a). He describes the traced depictions briefly as follows (ibid. II, p. 127): “The stone is decorated partly with finely carved lines, partly with slightly chiseled background fields. Despite considerable weathering that damaged the stone, chisel marks still are particularly clear between the waves and in the framing border. In the latter, [an interlace pattern which forms a row of s-shaped elements] can be seen; in the field there is a watercraft with four identifiable crewmen. As usual, a row of waves, breaking to the right, was depicted below the vessel. The row of waves in the lower edge of the ship’s hull […] probably also was carved and hardly can be interpreted as the result of natural irregularities.” The ship’s rectangular sail features a rhombic pattern with alternately raised and sunken fields, and crewmen are depicted with round shields and detailed faces. One of them seems to wear a spear or sword on his shoulder. The stem is slightly upward-curling. Above the sail, the bottom part of the upper image panel appears to be preserved. \n\nTwo more interpretations of the carvings are kept in ATA’s Run- och bildstenssamling, a photo taken by Faith-Ell in 1933 showing a differing paint version (1751:18a), and a drawing by Olof Sörling. On the 1933 photo the entire crew and also the additional row of waves on the ship’s hull are missing. These details have also not been considered by Sörling. Furthermore, the drawing does only depict a few remains of the sail’s pattern, while the stem appears to end in an animal head. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Originally mushroom-shaped late-type ʻdwarf stoneʼ, obviously Type C/D according to Lindqvist’s typology. Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 44) assigns Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVII to his ʻAbschnittʼ C which he dates to around AD 700. Current research, however, tends to date the Type C/D monuments roughly to between the 8th century (or rather around AD 800) and the 10th century. According to Vareniusʼ (1992, appendix 2) typology, the ship, which features a simple rectangular sail without depicted rigging, belongs to group II (Skepp med enkel rigg), dating to the 7th to 9th century. Lisbeth Imer (2004, p. 104) dates the stone after AD 750. " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, fig. 107; II, pp. 121, 125, 127; Helmbrecht 2011, p. 485 cat. no. 836. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka, Lillbjärs XVII" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC2483" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4926", "value_resource_id": 4926, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4926", "display_title": "3D model for GP0395", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0395_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "292" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1910-12 på gravfältet Lillbjärs, och lämnades till Gotlands Museum 1911 eller 1913. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands Museum, magasinet på Visborgsslätt. \n\nBeskrivning \nNedre delar av svampformig ”dvärgsten” (period CD), bevarad höjd 58 cm och som bredast 56 cm. Trots att stenen är vittrad finns det spår av vågor, skepp med segel och fyra besättningsmän med sköldar. En av dem bär ett svärd eller ett spjut över axeln. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, men tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "shield" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "spear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sword" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2208", "o:title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2414", "o:title": "GP 369 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2415", "o:title": "GP 370 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2416", "o:title": "GP 371 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IX" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2417", "o:title": "GP 372 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2418", "o:title": "GP 373 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIX" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2422", "o:title": "GP 377 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIa" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2423", "o:title": "GP 378 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIb" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2424", "o:title": "GP 379 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIc" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2425", "o:title": "GP 380 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VId" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2426", "o:title": "GP 381 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIe" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2433", "o:title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2434", "o:title": "GP 389 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2436", "o:title": "GP 391 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs V" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2437", "o:title": "GP 392 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2438", "o:title": "GP 393 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2439", "o:title": "GP 394 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2441", "o:title": "GP 396 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2474", "o:title": "GP 429 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVI" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2475", "o:title": "GP 430 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XI" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2476", "o:title": "GP 431 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2435", "o:title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2485", "o:title": "GP 440 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs X" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2416", "o:title": "GP 371 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IX" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4926", "o:title": "3D model for GP0395" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2487", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2487, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 442 Stenkyrka kyrka 50", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/8243ede2a7c0515d057156f5c6585ff21e348a85.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/8243ede2a7c0515d057156f5c6585ff21e348a85.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/8243ede2a7c0515d057156f5c6585ff21e348a85.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:18+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-17T08:15:12+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4411", "o:id": 4411 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4411", "o:id": 4411 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 442 Stenkyrka kyrka 50" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0442" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/90f0b3df-0d15-4683-959e-9097064df00e", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka church" } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka kyrka" } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Still in situ, in front of the western portal." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" }, { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "In-Loco" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka kyrka" } ], "ai2:presentLocationNote": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 294, "property_label": "Context Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "I tornportalens nedersta trappsteg" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The stone is incorporated into the steps leading up to the western tower portal of Stenkyrka church. Four limestone slabs form the first step, two large stones in the middle and two small ones at the sides. The large stone to the right (south) is the picture stone fragment. \n\nThe earliest church at this place was probably a wooden building that was replaced by a stone church in the first half of the twelfth century. The foundations of the first stone church were discovered beneath the floor of the current church, built during the thirteenth century. The tower with its portal was erected between 1280 and 1310 (on the building’s architectural history, see Roosval 1911, pp. 84–86; 1914, pp. 1–52, esp. 21–24; Lagerlöf/Svahnström 1991, pp. 239–243). \n\nIn his book “Gotlands Bildsteine”, Sune Lindqvist (1941/42 II, pp. 115–118) lists nine picture stones from Stenkyrka church. By contrast, the list put together by Jan Peder Lamm in 2003 contains no fewer than 40 new discoveries (Lamm/Nylén 2003, nos. 238–276, 425, 426). The unusually large number of stones found not only in the church, but in the entire parish, is an indicator of the political and religious position that Stenkyrka probably already held even before the first church was built (see Roosval 1914, p. 5). Many of the new finds from the church were discovered during a large-scale restoration, which was carried out in 1954/55 according to plans by the architect Rolf Bergh. The stones Stenkyrka kyrka 50 and GP 441 Stenkyrka kyrka 49, however, were found in 1983 by Beata Böttger-Niedenzu. In 1982, she submitted her master’s thesis on Gotland’s picture stones to the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, and during the years 1981 to 1985, she visited the Gotlandic rural churches, discovering not fewer than 38 previously unknown picture stones, which she published in a brief catalogue in 1988. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2486", "value_resource_id": 2486, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2486", "display_title": "GP 441 Stenkyrka kyrka 49", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/55b6b688a152247598b30abc7ea59f82d557c96b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0441A.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The rectangular block is 1.16 m long and has a visible width of 0.39 m. The fragment probably is even wider, as a significant part of the stone is hidden by the upper step of the portal which lies on top of it. The limestone is predominantly light grey but a bit reddish at some points. In the left half of the stone a crack runs through the entire width of the block, dividing it into two pieces. There are some rough structures and depressions of natural origin in the surface, but otherwise it is almost completely worn and smooth. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "116" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "39" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "customvocab:10", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "There are only a few but clearly discernable carved lines left in the very southern part of the surface. They in all probability represent the poor remains of a rhombic pattern, which indicates the sail of a lost ship depiction. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "The poor remains of a checkered sail and the dimensions of the monument most probably indicate a picture stone of Type C/D. Thus, the stone can be roughly dated to between the 8th century or about AD 800 and the 10th century. " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Böttger-Niedenzu 1988, p. 13. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1976:9860" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka 143:1" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4973", "value_resource_id": 4973, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4973", "display_title": "3D model for GP0442", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0442_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "426" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen observerades första gången 1983, då den fungerade som trappsteg i trappan till tornportalen i väster. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nSamma plats som 1983. \n\nBeskrivning \nFragment av en svampformig bildsten (period C/D), 116 cm lång och 39 cm bred. Rombiskt mönster, som bör representera delar av ett segel. \n\nInskrift \nIngen inskrift. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, men tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6411166" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "709898" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6411166" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "709898" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2486", "o:title": "GP 441 Stenkyrka kyrka 49" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4973", "o:title": "3D model for GP0442" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/309", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 309, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2487", "o:id": 2487 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.793225555984826, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.531656617855674, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2533", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2533, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 488 Tingstäde kyrka I", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/4c53b30ede9797f5fd4965a96a8b8e3e4850b477.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/4c53b30ede9797f5fd4965a96a8b8e3e4850b477.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4c53b30ede9797f5fd4965a96a8b8e3e4850b477.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:19+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-17T08:05:57+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4422", "o:id": 4422 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4422", "o:id": 4422 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 488 Tingstäde kyrka I" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0488" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/7394217e-4182-4c2f-bd35-27bf9b5abdc7", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tingstäde church" } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tingstäde" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tingstäde kyrka" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Funnen i trappan utanför tornportalen av FN 1913" } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tingstäde" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "In situ, re-used in the steps which lead up to the tower portal. " } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" }, { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "In-Loco" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tingstäde kyrka" } ], "ai2:presentLocationNote": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 294, "property_label": "Context Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "I trappan vid tornet" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The stone is incorporated into the steps leading up to the western tower portal of Tingstäde church. Together with a much smaller limestone slab, the fragment of a very tall picture stone forms the first step. The fragment is situated to the left (north), the smaller slab to the right (south). The lower part of the tower was erected between ca. 1230 und 1270, the upper part was added during the 14th century. The western portal is one of the largest Romanesque portals on Gotland, comparable to the so-called ʻbride portalʼ of Visby Cathedral (Lagerlöf/Svahnström 1991, p. 245). The picture stone was detected by Fredrik Nordin in 1913. A drawing by him reproduced in Lindqvist’s “Gotlands Bildsteine” is the only published picture of the stone available (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, fig. 533). \n\nIn total, not fewer than 26 picture stones from Tingstäde church are registered in Lamm/Nylén 2003 – The stones Tingstäde kyrka I–XX were published by Lindqvist, while GP 507–509 Tingstäde kyrka 21–23 and GP 494 Tingstäde kyrka 24 were discovered and published by B. Böttger-Niedenzu in 1984. Two more stones, which are incorporated into the wall of the tower, were found between 1990 and 2002 (GP 497–498 Tingstäde kyrka 25–26). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2552", "value_resource_id": 2552, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2552", "display_title": "GP 507 Tingstäde kyrka 21" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2553", "value_resource_id": 2553, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2553", "display_title": "GP 508 Tingstäde kyrka 22", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a255fa564204a28354d089a4504076ff0a33e122.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0508.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2554", "value_resource_id": 2554, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2554", "display_title": "GP 509 Tingstäde kyrka 23", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ff206b997a7437189ca04ccd3b334c3b6312dc85.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0509.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2539", "value_resource_id": 2539, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2539", "display_title": "GP 494 Tingstäde kyrka 24", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/dba1be0f65ae81de6359993f6cc2a3ea59158a28.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0494.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2542", "value_resource_id": 2542, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2542", "display_title": "GP 497 Tingstäde kyrka 25", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/97f76c8be23fca3bc63890fb20705e15e5f4887c.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0497.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2543", "value_resource_id": 2543, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2543", "display_title": "GP 498 Tingstäde kyrka 26" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The rectangular block is 2.67 m long and has a visible width of between 17.5 and 14 cm. Probably, the fragment is even wider, as a significant part of the stone is hidden by the upper step of the portal which lies on top of it. According to Lindqvist (1941/42, 130–131), the left (northern) end of the stone is hidden, and the fragment could be even longer. However, in the present condition of the steps, the left end of the picture stone fragment is easily visible and it don’t seems to be much longer. However, the left edge is not chamfered as documented by Nordin, but relatively straight instead. The limestone is predominantly light grey but quite dark in the somewhat deeper parts of the surface. As a result, the stone looks a bit marbled. Apart from that, the surface is almost completely worn and smooth. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "267" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "17" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "According to Fredrik Nordin’s drawing, there are only a few carved lines left in the southern (right) part of the surface. They in all probability represent the very poor remains of a rhombic pattern, which probably indicates the sail of a lost ship depiction. However, it is very hard to verify these lines on the original stone surface. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "The very poor remains of a checkered sail and the dimensions of the monument appear to indicate a picture stone of type C/D. Thus, the stone could be roughly dated to between the 8th century or about 800 and the 10th century. " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lundmark 1925, pp. 172–173; Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 130–131, fig. 533. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1976:6710 " } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tingstäde 142:1" } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tingstäde, Kirche I" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/5019", "value_resource_id": 5019, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/5019", "display_title": "3D model for GP0488", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0488_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "301" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nFragmentet till en stor bildsten påträffades i Tingstäde kyrka år 1913. Det ingår i nedersta trappsteget till västra tornportalen. \n\nNuvarande förvaringsplats \nFragmentet är fortfarande inmurat i trappan till västra tornportalen. \n\nBeskrivning \nBildstenen blev omhuggen till ett rätblock som är 2.67 m långt och mellan 17.5 och 24 cm brett. \n\nYtan har nötts bort nästan helt av kyrkobesökarnas fötter. Kanske några rester av rutor till ett segel är synliga. \n\nDatering \n700-talet eller mellan omkring år 800 och 900-talet e.Kr. (vikingatid). \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nSO " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6405101" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "715187" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6405101" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "715187" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/5019", "o:title": "3D model for GP0488" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/346", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 346, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2533", "o:id": 2533 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.73634873812338, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.615005814344045, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2535", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2535, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 490 Tingstäde kyrka XVI", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/5a80173aa65142ee7dc76fb42f293b6df1c0fdb8.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/5a80173aa65142ee7dc76fb42f293b6df1c0fdb8.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/5a80173aa65142ee7dc76fb42f293b6df1c0fdb8.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:19+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-08-26T11:46:23+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4423", "o:id": 4423 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4423", "o:id": 4423 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 490 Tingstäde kyrka XVI" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0490" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/7394217e-4182-4c2f-bd35-27bf9b5abdc7", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tingstäde church, incorporated into the masonry of the nave. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tingstäde" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tingstäde kyrka" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hittad på vinden vid bygge av skorsten" } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragments GP 489–491, 496, 506 Tingstäde kyrka XV–XIX were observed lying on the church floor in 1914 by Efraim Lundmark. They originated from the nave’s gable wall, the masonry of the triumphal arch, in which a hole had been broken during the construction of a chimney. In the same year, all those fragments were taken to Gotlands Museum. Lundmark (1925, p. 173) emphasises that only a few of the relevant fragments originating from the triumphal arch were transferred to Gotlands Museum, while most of them were transported to the nearby lake Tingstäde träsk. Lindqvist adds in a footnote (1941/42 II, p. 135): “In 1920, several other stones were transferred to GF that came from the same part of the roof masonry as stones Nos. XV–XIX together with the note that they represented fragments of picture stones. They were entered in the inventory sheet as No. C 4645–4658. They surely display – at least in part – a trimming at their edges characteristic for the purpose they served in the masonry. I was not able, however, to find clear proof for the notion that these stones represent fragments of picture stones.” \n\nIn total, not fewer than 26 picture stones from Tingstäde church are registered in Lamm/Nylén 2003 – The stones Tingstäde kyrka I–XX were published by Lindqvist. In 1984, Beata Böttger-Niedenzu discovered GP 507–509 Tingstäde kyrka 21–23, and GP 494 Tingstäde kyrka 24. Two more stones, which are incorporated into the wall of the tower, were discovered between 1990 and 2002 (GP 497–498 Tingstäde kyrka 25–26). The first Romanesque building with a nave and an apsidal choir was erected during the 12th century. In the beginning of the 13th century, the nave was enlarged, and around the middle of the century the old choir was replaced by the present one. The Romanesque portal which today leads to the sacristy probably represents the choir portal of the 12th century church which was re-used in the new building. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2534", "value_resource_id": 2534, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2534", "display_title": "GP 489 Tingstäde kyrka XV" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2536", "value_resource_id": 2536, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2536", "display_title": "GP 491 Tingstäde kyrka XVIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/82178db2eda4ed01060a3eea17946f57bee9ca68.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0491.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2551", "value_resource_id": 2551, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2551", "display_title": "GP 506 Tingstäde kyrka XVII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/add4277c8661737178ee16069235442a59dd1ae4.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0506.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2552", "value_resource_id": 2552, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2552", "display_title": "GP 507 Tingstäde kyrka 21" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2553", "value_resource_id": 2553, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2553", "display_title": "GP 508 Tingstäde kyrka 22", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a255fa564204a28354d089a4504076ff0a33e122.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0508.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2554", "value_resource_id": 2554, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2554", "display_title": "GP 509 Tingstäde kyrka 23", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ff206b997a7437189ca04ccd3b334c3b6312dc85.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0509.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2539", "value_resource_id": 2539, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2539", "display_title": "GP 494 Tingstäde kyrka 24", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/dba1be0f65ae81de6359993f6cc2a3ea59158a28.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0494.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2542", "value_resource_id": 2542, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2542", "display_title": "GP 497 Tingstäde kyrka 25", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/97f76c8be23fca3bc63890fb20705e15e5f4887c.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0497.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2543", "value_resource_id": 2543, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2543", "display_title": "GP 498 Tingstäde kyrka 26" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "A drawing by Olof Sörling is reproduced in Lindqvist’s book (1941/42 II, fig. 545), a photo of the unpainted stone kept in ATA (Run- och bildstenssamling). “Limestone slab, up to 10 cm thick. The obverse seems to have been naturally even. Of the original narrow sides, no trace survives. The reverse is rough and unworked. The diagonals of the rhombic fragment are 35 cm and 42 cm long, respectively” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 136). " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "42" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "35" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "10" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Of the decoration, part of a chequered sail is preserved, of which every other rectangle is chiseled. Also, several narrow, intersecting bands (sheet ropes?) can be seen in a sunken background field. Details cannot be established with any certainty anymore” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 136). According to Lindqvist (ibid. p. 135), the decoration appears to have been executed in the same rough manner as on fragment GP 489 Tingstäde kyrka XV, and both pieces originate from one picture stone. Therefore, Lamm subsumes them under one number in his catalogue (311). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2534", "value_resource_id": 2534, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2534", "display_title": "GP 489 Tingstäde kyrka XV" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 44) regards the fragments GP 489–490 Tingstäde kyrka XV–XVI (which he believes to originate from one and the same monument) as well as GP 491 Tingstäde kyrka XVIII as Type C ʻdwarf stonesʼ. The picture stones of ʻAbschnittʼ C are dated by Lindqvist to the time around AD 700. According to recent research, however, those stones can only be roughly dated to between the 8th century (or rather around AD 800) and the 10th century. However, the fragments’ poor decoration does not allow for a reliable evaluation, so the type can only be given as ʻlate-typeʼ, which means Type C–E, dating between the 8th century and around AD 1100. The labelling as ʻdwarf stoneʼ is uncertain as well. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2534", "value_resource_id": 2534, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2534", "display_title": "GP 489 Tingstäde kyrka XV" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2536", "value_resource_id": 2536, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2536", "display_title": "GP 491 Tingstäde kyrka XVIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/82178db2eda4ed01060a3eea17946f57bee9ca68.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0491.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" }, { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Unclear" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" }, { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "E (ca. 1000-1150)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lundmark 1925, pp. 172–173; Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 135–136, fig. 546. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1976:6710 " } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tingstäde 142:1" } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tingstäde, Kirche XVI" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC2639" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/5021", "value_resource_id": 5021, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/5021", "display_title": "3D model for GP0490", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0490_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "311" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen observerades första gången 1914, då den låg på golvet, efter att ha tagit ut från triumfbågens mur, vid uppförandet av en skorsten. Stenen inlämnades samma år till Gotland Museum. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands Museum, magasinet på Visborgsslätt. \n\nBeskrivning \nFragment av ”dvärgsten” (period CD eller E), bevarad höjd 42 cm och som bredast 35 cm. Kan möjligen höra samman med GP 489 och 491 Tingstäde kyrka XV och XVIII. Spår av segel. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, men tillhör perioden 700-1000-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning \n\nAA " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2534", "value_resource_id": 2534, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2534", "display_title": "GP 489 Tingstäde kyrka XV" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2536", "value_resource_id": 2536, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2536", "display_title": "GP 491 Tingstäde kyrka XVIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/82178db2eda4ed01060a3eea17946f57bee9ca68.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0491.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6405101" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "715187" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2534", "o:title": "GP 489 Tingstäde kyrka XV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2536", "o:title": "GP 491 Tingstäde kyrka XVIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2541", "o:title": "GP 496 Tingstäde kyrka XIX" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2551", "o:title": "GP 506 Tingstäde kyrka XVII" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2534", "o:title": "GP 489 Tingstäde kyrka XV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2536", "o:title": "GP 491 Tingstäde kyrka XVIII" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2534", "o:title": "GP 489 Tingstäde kyrka XV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2536", "o:title": "GP 491 Tingstäde kyrka XVIII" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/5021", "o:title": "3D model for GP0490" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/348", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 348, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2535", "o:id": 2535 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.73634873812338, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.615005814344045, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2554", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2554, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 509 Tingstäde kyrka 23", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/ff206b997a7437189ca04ccd3b334c3b6312dc85.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/ff206b997a7437189ca04ccd3b334c3b6312dc85.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ff206b997a7437189ca04ccd3b334c3b6312dc85.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:20+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-11T10:30:53+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4430", "o:id": 4430 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4430", "o:id": 4430 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 509 Tingstäde kyrka 23" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0509" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tingstäde church" } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tingstäde" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tingstäde kyrka" } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tingstäde" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Inside the church, re-used in the floor of the choir." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" }, { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "In-Loco" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tingstäde kyrka" } ], "ai2:presentLocationNote": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 294, "property_label": "Context Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "I korgolvet, norr om JP 427" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment was discovered in the floor of the choir by Beata Böttger-Niedenzu in 1984, together with GP 507 Tingstäde kyrka 21 and GP 508 Tingstäde kyrka 22. She found another fragment, GP 494 Tingstäde kyrka 24, at the churchyard. In 1982, Böttger-Niedenzu submitted her master’s thesis on Gotland’s picture stones to the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, and during the years 1981 to 1985, she visited the Gotlandic rural churches, discovering not fewer than 38 previously unknown picture stones, which she published in a brief catalogue in 1988. Tingstäde kyrka 23 is embedded in the floor just behind the altar, between the altar and the eastern wall of the choir, bordering the fragment Tingstäde kyrka 22, which is placed south of it. There are also two medieval grave slabs embedded in the floor of the choir, one with a carved cross and one with a Latin inscription from 1344. \n\nThe first Romanesque building with a nave and an apsidal choir was erected during the 12th century. In the beginning of the 13th century, the nave was enlarged, and around the middle of the century the old choir was replaced by the present one. The Romanesque portal which today leads to the sacristy probably represents the choir portal of the 12th century church which was re-used in the new building. \n\nIn total, not fewer than 26 picture stones from Tingstäde church are registered in Lamm/Nylén 2003 – The stones Tingstäde kyrka I–XX were published by Lindqvist; two more stones, which are incorporated into the wall of the tower, were discovered between 1990 and 2002 (GP 497–498 Tingstäde kyrka 25–26). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2552", "value_resource_id": 2552, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2552", "display_title": "GP 507 Tingstäde kyrka 21" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2553", "value_resource_id": 2553, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2553", "display_title": "GP 508 Tingstäde kyrka 22", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a255fa564204a28354d089a4504076ff0a33e122.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0508.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2539", "value_resource_id": 2539, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2539", "display_title": "GP 494 Tingstäde kyrka 24", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/dba1be0f65ae81de6359993f6cc2a3ea59158a28.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0494.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2542", "value_resource_id": 2542, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2542", "display_title": "GP 497 Tingstäde kyrka 25", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/97f76c8be23fca3bc63890fb20705e15e5f4887c.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0497.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2543", "value_resource_id": 2543, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2543", "display_title": "GP 498 Tingstäde kyrka 26" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The picture stone fragment has approximately the shape of a quarter circle, whose maximum radius is 0.45 m. The limestone is dark grey and even black in some areas. The surface is relatively even and greatly worn by footsteps. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "45" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "36" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "customvocab:10", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Remains of the carved background plane of a typical bas-relief are clearly discernable at some points. Along the straight side which borders the eastern wall of the choir, a double row of carved rhombi is easily visible, containing four rhombi in each row. This pattern certainly indicates the sail of a ship depiction. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "The bas-relief and the rhombic pattern, most likely representing the remains of a ship depiction, indicate a picture stone of Lindqvist’s ʻAbschnittʼ C–E, which means that the fragment dates to the 8th century or between around AD 800 and 1100. " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" }, { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Unclear" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" }, { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "E (ca. 1000-1150)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Böttger-Niedenzu 1988, p. 14. " } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/5040", "value_resource_id": 5040, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/5040", "display_title": "3D model for GP0509", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0509_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "429" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1984, som en del av golvet i kyrkans kor. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nSamma plats som 1984. \n\nBeskrivning \nTillhugget runt fragment av en troligen svampformig bildsten (typ C-D), 45 cm i diameter, med segel till ett skepp. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men den tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning.\n \nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6405101" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "715187" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6405101" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "715187" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2539", "o:title": "GP 494 Tingstäde kyrka 24" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2552", "o:title": "GP 507 Tingstäde kyrka 21" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2553", "o:title": "GP 508 Tingstäde kyrka 22" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2527", "o:title": "GP 482 Tingstäde kyrka VIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2528", "o:title": "GP 483 Tingstäde kyrka X" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2529", "o:title": "GP 484 Tingstäde kyrka IX" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2530", "o:title": "GP 485 Tingstäde kyrka XII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2531", "o:title": "GP 486 Tingstäde kyrka XIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2533", "o:title": "GP 488 Tingstäde kyrka I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2534", "o:title": "GP 489 Tingstäde kyrka XV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2535", "o:title": "GP 490 Tingstäde kyrka XVI" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2536", "o:title": "GP 491 Tingstäde kyrka XVIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2540", "o:title": "GP 495 Tingstäde kyrka XI" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2541", "o:title": "GP 496 Tingstäde kyrka XIX" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2544", "o:title": "GP 499 Tingstäde kyrka II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2545", "o:title": "GP 500 Tingstäde kyrka III" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2546", "o:title": "GP 501 Tingstäde kyrka IV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2547", "o:title": "GP 502 Tingstäde kyrka V" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2548", "o:title": "GP 503 Tingstäde kyrka VI" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2549", "o:title": "GP 504 Tingstäde kyrka VII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2551", "o:title": "GP 506 Tingstäde kyrka XVII" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/5040", "o:title": "3D model for GP0509" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/366", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 366, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2554", "o:id": 2554 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.73634873812338, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.615005814344045, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2578", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2578, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 534 Träkumla kyrka 3", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/424ce5a581006ed75b00c8f99cbb8cec8560ac6a.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/424ce5a581006ed75b00c8f99cbb8cec8560ac6a.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/424ce5a581006ed75b00c8f99cbb8cec8560ac6a.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:20+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-15T09:40:35+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3987", "o:id": 3987 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3987", "o:id": 3987 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 534 Träkumla kyrka 3" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0534" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/1ff6c7d9-5317-411d-8c49-e695b5e3b778", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Träkumla church" } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Träkumla" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Träkumla kyrka" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Inmurad i korgolvets sydöstra hörn." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Träkumla" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "In situ, in the floor of the choir." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" }, { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "In-Loco" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Träkumla kyrka" } ], "ai2:presentLocationNote": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 294, "property_label": "Context Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Sydöstra hörnet av korgolvet." } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment was discovered in the floor of the choir by Beata Böttger-Niedenzu in 1983, together with GP 532 Träkumla kyrka 1 and GP 533 Träkumla kyrka 2. In 1982, Böttger-Niedenzu submitted her master’s thesis on Gotland’s picture stones to the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, and during the years 1981 to 1985, she visited the Gotlandic rural churches, discovering no fewer than 38 previously unknown picture stones, which she published in a brief catalogue in 1988. The slab Träkumla kyrka 3 is incorporated into the floor of the choir, a few steps southeast of the altar, just in the southeast corner of the rectangular choir. Its south and east sides are directly bordering the wall. The two other fragments are placed just north of the altar (i.e., directly left of it). The rectangular choir represents the oldest part of the present church, dating to about 1220 (Roosval 1942, pp. 31, 49) or the middle of the 13th century (Lagerlöf/Svahnström 1991, p. 250). The church has been a ruin since 1861 but was restored and re-inaugurated in 1917. A further restoration took place in 1951. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2576", "value_resource_id": 2576, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2576", "display_title": "GP 532 Träkumla kyrka 1", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/6f94bdae6ccf3ee55275413bd7005a63b71563ce.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0532.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2577", "value_resource_id": 2577, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2577", "display_title": "GP 533 Träkumla kyrka 2", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/9ea2c2a6b1ac27c58dd20370bb3bfea421cf37aa.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "gp0533.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment has the shape of an irregular rectangle of approximately 0.74 x 0.67 m (measuring the longest distances). The surface of the limestone slab is homogeneously grey with some dark and reddish spots as well as fossil inclusions. It is relatively even, weathered and worn by footsteps. A crack disturbs the surface. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "74/65" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "67/52" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Böttger-Niedenzu notes that although many traces of carvings are discernable, no specific elements of the decoration can be defined (1988, p. 16). However, based on RTI technology, Sigmund Oehrl (2019a, p. 176, pl. 177a–b) was able to document two raised bands forming a T-shape, which probably represent parts of an edge border decoration and a horizontal divider. Alternatively, the bands could be regarded as part of a ship’s mast and the lower frame of its sail. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "As the T-shaped band probably represent parts of an edge border and a horizontal divider (or of a sailing ship), the fragment represents a Typ C–E picture stone, which means that it dates to the 8th century or between around AD 800 and circa 1100. The fragment probably originates from the same monument as GP 533 Träkumla kyrka 2 and GP 532 Träkumla kyrka 1. Their size and motifs indicate a Type C stone, dating between the 8th and the 10th century. The motifs on Träkumla kyrka 1 are closely related to GP 252 Lärbro Tängelgårda IV [C] and Lindqvist’s ʻLärbro groupʼ. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2577", "value_resource_id": 2577, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2577", "display_title": "GP 533 Träkumla kyrka 2", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/9ea2c2a6b1ac27c58dd20370bb3bfea421cf37aa.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "gp0533.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2576", "value_resource_id": 2576, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2576", "display_title": "GP 532 Träkumla kyrka 1", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/6f94bdae6ccf3ee55275413bd7005a63b71563ce.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0532.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2298", "value_resource_id": 2298, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2298", "display_title": "GP0252", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/8756c6dd0cc322865c80f13b95ab28be95fe5ebd.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0252.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" }, { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "E (ca. 1000-1150)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Böttger-Niedenzu 1988, p. 16; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 175–176, pl. 177a–b. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1976:7950" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Träkumla 56:1" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/5065", "value_resource_id": 5065, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/5065", "display_title": "3D model for GP0534", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0534_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "434" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1983, som en del av golvet i kyrkan kor. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nSamma plats som 1983. \n\nBeskrivning \nTillhugget fragment av en svampformig bildsten (typ C), 74 x 67 cm. Stenen hänger förmodligen samman med Träkumla kyrka 1-2. Kantdekor bevarad samt ett band som har avdelat olika bildfält \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men den tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2576", "value_resource_id": 2576, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2576", "display_title": "GP 532 Träkumla kyrka 1", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/6f94bdae6ccf3ee55275413bd7005a63b71563ce.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0532.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2577", "value_resource_id": 2577, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2577", "display_title": "GP 533 Träkumla kyrka 2", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/9ea2c2a6b1ac27c58dd20370bb3bfea421cf37aa.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "gp0533.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6384600" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "698184" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6384600" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "698184" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2576", "o:title": "GP 532 Träkumla kyrka 1" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2577", "o:title": "GP 533 Träkumla kyrka 2" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2576", "o:title": "GP 532 Träkumla kyrka 1" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2577", "o:title": "GP 533 Träkumla kyrka 2" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2577", "o:title": "GP 533 Träkumla kyrka 2" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2576", "o:title": "GP 532 Träkumla kyrka 1" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/5065", "o:title": "3D model for GP0534" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/389", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 389, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2578", "o:id": 2578 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.56032965744187, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.31312722101643, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2580", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2580, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 536 Vallstena kyrka", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/3b886bdd02e01cab4464f4a464d2e2c701e8ac26.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/3b886bdd02e01cab4464f4a464d2e2c701e8ac26.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/3b886bdd02e01cab4464f4a464d2e2c701e8ac26.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:20+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-15T09:32:06+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3988", "o:id": 3988 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3988", "o:id": 3988 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4432", "o:id": 4432 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 536 Vallstena kyrka" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0536" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/0aaa13d1-b3b2-4ebe-addb-591858b875f1", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Vallstena church" } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Vallstena" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Vallstena kyrka" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Inmurade i nedersta trappsteget framför altaret." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Vallstena" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "In the church, three fragments re-used as step." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" }, { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "In-Loco" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Vallstena kyrka" } ], "ai2:presentLocationNote": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 294, "property_label": "Context Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Nedersta trappsteget framför altaret, västra delen!" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The history of discovery is unclear. B. Böttger-Niedenzu reported on the three picture stone fragments to J. P. Lamm and E. Nylén by letter in April 1982, including a rough sketch and short description. Böttger-Niedenzu went through all Gotlandic rural churches during the years 1981 to 1985 and discovered no fewer than 38 previously unknown picture stones. However, the stones from Vallstena church are neither included in her catalogue published in 1988 nor in her photo documentation which is kept at ATA. She only mentions it in her introduction (1988, p. 1), noting that it turned out that the stone had already been reported shortly before she found it. In Lamm’s list (Lamm/Nylén 2003, p. 202 no. 394), the find is registered among the recent finds from between 1976 and 1979. An entry in ATA’s inventory book dates to the 23rd of June 1977 (however, only the middle stone [i.e., fragment B, see V and VI] is registered there). Nevertheless, in the photo collections of Riksantikvarieämbetet and ATA (Kyrkor, Gotland, Vallstena, fotografisamlingen A.270:67 + 68), pictures of the stone fragments taken by G. Svahnström in 1958 are preserved. \n\nThere are three rectangular slabs (A–C) that form the entire first step to the choir, which apparently originate from one and the same huge picture stone. They are placed with their narrow sides next to each other. The oldest parts of the current church are the Romanesque nave and lower part of the tower, dating to the beginning of the 13th century (Thure Nyman in Roosval 1935, p. 194). The foundations of a small choir with apse belonging to the Romanesque building were discovered under the church floor during a restoration in 1957. Between 1270 and 1300, the old apsidal choir was replaced by the current angular choir and a reconstruction of the nave was initiated. Apparently, the original plan was to replace the entire nave with a much larger building; however, this project has not been completed and the builders left it at an extension of the eastern part of the old Romanesque nave. " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The three picture stone fragments, which have been reworked to rectangular slabs, are (from left to right when facing the choir) 2.00 m (fragment A, north), 2.40 m (fragment B, middle) and 2.40 m (fragment C, south) in length. Their visible width is about 0.37 m and their thickness ca. 0.11 m. The limestone is grey in colour, slightly fading to reddish. The west-facing front edge of the slabs is cut straight, and their surface has been levelled, the decoration deliberately obliterated, to which plenty of regular tool marks bear witness. In addition, the remaining surface has been greatly worn and polished by footsteps. Nevertheless, in some areas, parts of the once relatively deeply carved bas-relief are preserved on all three stones. \n\nAs material and treatment correspond, all three fragments seem to originate from one and the same monument. There is one more rectangular slab built into the floor of the nave, just in front of the step, which consists of a very similar limestone and whose surface has been levelled the same way, showing regular tool marks allover. Even though no traces of a former bas-relief decoration are discernable, it seems conceivable that this larger slab belongs to the picture stone as well (fragment D?). " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "245" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "37" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "9,5" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fragment A: The stone probably preserves remains of a ship hull. At least the lower outline of a vessel is discernable, turning up at both ends, having a length of ca. 1.50 m in total. At the far left, right next to the northern edge, an upturning stern is discernable. Next to the stern, on board of the ship, a spear or a lance seems to be placed, almost vertically rising, pointing upwards. A single spear/lance or a whole bundle of those weapons at the stern of a ship is frequently depicted on picture stones of type C/D, as on GP 253 Lärbro St. Hammars I, GP 397 Stenkyrka Smiss I, GP 184 Hejnum Riddare, GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII, and GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I. An angled element to the right of the possible spear, touching its head, could represent the arm of a crew member, similar to the rearmost man on the Hejnum Riddare stone (according to Lindqvist’s painting, 1941/42 I, fig. 80). There are more traces of carvings on board and to the right of the ship, however, they are difficult to understand. \n\nFragment B: In the middle of the slab, some rhombi are discernable, constituting the remains of a huge checkered sail, as well as a group of vertical and branching longish elements, which certainly represent parts of the rigging. \n\nFragment C: Two or three circular elements in the left and some more rhombi belonging to the sail in the right half of the stone’s surface. There are certainly remains of figures in the middle of the slab; however, it is not possible to specify them. \n\nThe orientation of the ship hull depicted on stone A and the rigging on stone B leads to the conclusion that their width represents the width of the original monument’s base, and that the three fragments once were placed one above the other. As a result, this picture stone must have been at least 2.40 m wide at its base (i.e., just above the ground) and its root part must have been even broader. This fact indicates an extraordinarily tall and tremendous picture stone. For comparison: The tallest entirely preserved picture stone on Gotland, GP 61 Buttle Änge I, has a width at ground level of 1.85 m. From the ground to the top, this monument is 3.70 m tall and 4.80 m including its root. The stone from Vallstena kyrka seems to have been even larger, comparable to the fragmented giant stone from GP 549 Väskinde kyrka 6, whose original height must have been at least 5.50 m (Oehrl 2020b). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2299", "value_resource_id": 2299, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2299", "display_title": "GP 253 Lärbro Stora Hammars I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d633dfb0db357f71c420b161a1e48e1024726ee9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0253", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2442", "value_resource_id": 2442, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2442", "display_title": "GP0397", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/798a73062f0eba6b00029bc4865ce36e1df5e242.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0397.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2230", "value_resource_id": 2230, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2230", "display_title": "GP 184 Hejnum Riddare", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/34a2b9d36525176944078b6aa9a6e590ac4b20dd.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0184.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2108", "value_resource_id": 2108, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2108", "display_title": "GP0061", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e5dcc4b9f1af136a75da2087a6456765c950e240.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0061.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2593", "value_resource_id": 2593, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2593", "display_title": "GP 549 Väskinde kyrka 6", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c1dd9f78437a164f61555d731883d5c47307e147.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0549", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "The discernable details of the huge ship, the sail with rigging, the stern with a lance or spear (see VI), and not least the tremendous dimensions of the monument (see V) clearly indicate a picture stone of Type C/D. Thus, the stone can be roughly dated between the 8th century and the 10th century. " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Oehrl 2007, p. 374; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 41, 144, pl. 21d. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1976:9599" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Vallstena 110:1" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/5067", "value_resource_id": 5067, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/5067", "display_title": "3D model for GP0536", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0536_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "394" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nTre fragment av en stor bildsten (A–C) påträffades i Vallstena kyrka år 1958 eller tidigare. De utgör nedersta trappsteget framför koret. \n\nNuvarande förvaringsplats \nDe tre fragmenten är fortfarande inmurade i trappan till kyrkans kor. \n\nBeskrivning \nDe tre fragmenten blev sekundärt omhuggna till rektangulära hällar under medeltiden. Fragment B och C är 2.40 m långa och fragmentet A är 2.00 m långt. Alla fragment är omkring 0.37 m breda. Monumentet måste ha varit ovanligt stort, jämförbart med GP 61 Buttle Änge I och GP 549 Väskinde kyrka 6. \n\nTrots att den medeltida stenhuggaren utraderade den ursprungliga ytan nästan fullständigt med sin mejsel, är några rester av basreliefen bevarade. På det vänstra (norra) fragmentet (A) ser man konturen av ett stort skepp med ett spjut bakom akterstäven. På det mellersta fragmentet (B) är rutor till ett segel synliga samt några rep som tillhör riggen. På det högra (södra) fragmentet (C) finns ytterligare segelrutor, cirkulära element och svårbestämbara rester av figurer. \n\nDatering \n700-talet eller mellan omkring år 800 och 900-talet e.Kr. (vikingatid). \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nSO " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2108", "value_resource_id": 2108, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2108", "display_title": "GP0061", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e5dcc4b9f1af136a75da2087a6456765c950e240.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0061.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2593", "value_resource_id": 2593, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2593", "display_title": "GP 549 Väskinde kyrka 6", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c1dd9f78437a164f61555d731883d5c47307e147.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0549", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "spear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "human figure" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "arm" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6391100" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "717236" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6391100" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "717236" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2111", "o:title": "GP 64 Buttle kyrka" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/5067", "o:title": "3D model for GP0536" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/391", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 391, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2580", "o:id": 2580 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.60985278082708, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.636745234706382, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2586", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2586, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 542 Visby St Clemens", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/4945df6dea6d51421eaacb75ceaaf65500a49843.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/4945df6dea6d51421eaacb75ceaaf65500a49843.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4945df6dea6d51421eaacb75ceaaf65500a49843.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:20+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-15T09:24:55+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3990", "o:id": 3990 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3990", "o:id": 3990 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3991", "o:id": 3991 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3992", "o:id": 3992 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3328", "o:id": 3328 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 542 Visby St Clemens" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0542" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/aea71c32-02d1-4bd3-83e5-3af937fcfe62", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Inside the church ruin of St Clemens in Visby. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Visby" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Visby St Clemens kyrkoruin" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Återfunnen vid arkeologisk undersökning tätt intill norra långskeppsmuren i den första kyrkan på utsidan ca 3 m öster om den västra muren." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM Storage" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "St Clemens is one of the largest and best-preserved ruins in the city of Visby. It was excavated between 1907 and 1909 by Emil Ekhoff (1912) and 1971–1972 by Per-Olof Westlund (Bohrn/Westlund 1977; see also Svahnström 1985, pp. 19–21; Lagerlöf/Svahnström 1991, pp. 50–52 and Andrén 2011, pp. 104–105). Ekhoff concludes that four churches could be observed, one upon the other – the current building and three predecessors, while Westlund assumes only two older church buildings beneath the current ruin: Clemens I was probably one of the earliest stone-built churches in the city of Visby, finished around the middle of the 12th century, with a nave, an apsidal choir, and a tower. Around 1200, the choir of the first church was torn off, and a new and much taller choir with lateral extensions (sacristy), as well as an annex north of the nave (warehouse) were erected. This phase is called Clemens II. Around the middle of the 13th century, the building was completely torn down and replaced by a much larger, three-naved, domed church with tower, porch, and rectangular choir with lateral annexes. This is the current building, Clemens III. \n\nThe picture stone was discovered by Ekhoff inside the northern aisle of the current church building (Clemens III), under the floor filling, between the northern wall of the nave of the first church (Clemens I) and the wall of the northern annex belonging to the second church (Clemens II). It was lying flat on its back, very close to the outer wall of Clemens I, with its obverse facing upwards. According to Ekhoff, it lay at the level of the two earlier churches, which means on the churchyard of Clemens I/II, however, “[…] with its upper edge slightly on top of the projecting foundation stones of the wall” (1912, p. 160). If this is true, the stone must have found its final resting place after or during the erection of Clemens I and before the erection of Clemens III. \n\nEkhoff (ibid.) takes the view that the picture stone was erected on the churchyard of Clemens I/II, as a Christian monument, which is more than unlikely, as it does definitely date before AD 1000 (see IX). For this reason, Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 145) prefers another suggestion brought up by Ekhoff (ibid.), that the monument was already standing on this spot before the first church had been built. In this case, the picture stone could indicate a pagan cult place, which had been replaced by the first church (Lagerlöf/Svahnström 1991, p. 52). A third possibility, however, is not less plausible, considering the fact that the stone’s upper edge lay slightly on top of the foundation stones of Clemens I/II: The picture stone had perhaps been transported to the construction site in order to be re-used as building material but was actually not used for this purpose and simply left at the spot (Ekhoff 1912, p. 21). It is also possible, however, that the stone was utilized in some way during the building work, maybe as a support for scaffolding during the construction of the nave (as in the case of GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV [A], which was turned into a support of scaffolding during the construction of the choir and afterwards simply left there and ‘buried’ beneath the floor). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2395", "value_resource_id": 2395, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2395", "display_title": "GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a0f3efc5fb4baf2ee7d66f7a01baf52e87912a20.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0350.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, up to 16 cm thick. The obverse originally was naturally even and appears to have been corroded during the time the stone stood upright. The narrow sides are hewn at right angles to the obverse and chamfered towards the reverse. Height 144 cm; width of the head 75 cm, of the neck 65 cm, of the base 86 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 145). In “Gotlands Bildsteine”, there is only a drawing of the stone by Olof Sörling from around 1910 (ibid. fig. 565). It depicts a mushroom-shaped picture stone, almost complete, but with its base and possible root missing. There is a long crack on the lower part of the head, as well as a fracture extending all the way through, which separates the lower third of the preserved slab, which bears the remains of a ship depiction (see VI), from its upper part. The stone seems to be broken into two pieces. As Ekhoff (1912, p. 161) stressed, the stone is much weathered; however, no traces of re-use can be seen; the surface is neither worn nor reworked in any way. \n\nIn the Statens Historiska Museum storage in Tumba, however, three fragments are recorded under the no. 14360. Strangely enough, only one of these stones seems to match Sörling’s drawing, namely the fragment representing the lower third of the stone. In the image collection of ATA, two stone fragments with the inventory number 14360 are documented but only one of them, again the lower third piece, is recognizable. As a result, the stone seems to be much more fragmented as can be seen on Sörling’s drawing and/or parts if it (in particular, the head) are missing. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "144" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "86" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "16" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Of the figurative decoration, only some remains of a simple rhombic pattern have survived on the (broken-off) lower third of the slab, which represent a ship’s sail. On both sides of the lowermost part of the preserved picture stone, some vertical lines are discernable, representing the frame of a border decoration. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "The monument’s mushroom shape is clearly preserved. The corners of the somewhat elongated head are slightly pronounced. Considering this shape of the head and the position of the ship on the lowermost part of the picture stone, the monument can be ascribed to Lindqvist’s ʻAbschnittʼ C, hardly to D or E, and roughly dated to between the 8th century (or around AD 800) and the 10th century. According to Rundkvist’s typology (2012, p. 160), the stone belongs to the outline type ʻtall4ʼ, which he dates to the Middle Viking Period. \n\nSince the chronology of the Gotlandic picture stone had not yet been investigated, Ekhoff (1912, p. 161) believed that the stone could have been erected on the 12th-century churchyard (Clemens I), representing a Christian monument. According to Hamner/Widéen (1940, p. 53), it dates to the 11th century, which is also very unlikely. This dating, however, can still be found in Lagerlöf/Svahnström 1991 (p. 52). " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Ekhoff 1912, pp. 160–161, fig. 15, 118; Hamner/Widée 1940, pp. 14–15, 53 no. 427; Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 145, fig. 565; Bohrn/Westlund 1977, p. 177; Lagerlöf/Svahnström 1991, p. 52. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1975:3734" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Visby 163" } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Visby, S:t Klemens Ruine" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/5073", "value_resource_id": 5073, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/5073", "display_title": "3D model for GP0542", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0542C_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "326" } ], "ai2:shmID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 311, "property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "14360" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades vid arkeologiska undersökningar 1907-09 av S:t Clemens kyrkoruin. Den låg under golvet i det norra sidoskeppet, precis utanför den norra långhusmuren till den äldsta romanska stenkyrkan. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStatens Historiska Museums magasin, Tumba. \n\nBeskrivning \nTvå eller tre delar av en svampformig bildsten (typ C-D), 144 x 86 cm. Delar av kantdekor och ett segel till ett skepp bevarade. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men den tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6393764" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "696720" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6581391" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "675775" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2225", "o:title": "GP 179 Hejde kyrka" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/5073", "o:title": "3D model for GP0542" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/396", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 396, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2586", "o:id": 2586 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.64314952426316, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.29613482699108, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2593", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2593, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 549 Väskinde kyrka 6", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/c1dd9f78437a164f61555d731883d5c47307e147.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/c1dd9f78437a164f61555d731883d5c47307e147.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c1dd9f78437a164f61555d731883d5c47307e147.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:21+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-15T09:20:44+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/2931", "o:id": 2931 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/2931", "o:id": 2931 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3773", "o:id": 3773 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3774", "o:id": 3774 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3775", "o:id": 3775 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3776", "o:id": 3776 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4068", "o:id": 4068 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4069", "o:id": 4069 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4070", "o:id": 4070 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4071", "o:id": 4071 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4072", "o:id": 4072 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4073", "o:id": 4073 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4074", "o:id": 4074 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4075", "o:id": 4075 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4076", "o:id": 4076 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4077", "o:id": 4077 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 549 Väskinde kyrka 6" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0549" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/30642244-3577-49e1-8b5a-5c458420baff", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väskinde church" } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väskinde" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väskinde kyrka" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Funnen vid renovering av kyrkan år 1953" } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väskinde" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragments are still in loco, re-used in the church floor and as steps. Partly inaccessible." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" }, { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "In-Loco" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väskinde kyrka" } ], "ai2:presentLocationNote": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 294, "property_label": "Context Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Altartrappsteg" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Three parts of a tall Type C picture stone are built into the floor and steps of the choir, which was constructed after the middle of the 13th century. These fragments are mentioned only briefly by Lindqvist (1956, pp. 29–30) as well as in Lamm and Nylénʼs handbook (2003, p. 48), where it is noted that the slab must have been more than 3.55 m tall. Lindqvist calls it the largest picture stone known so far (1956, p. 30). More information can be found in the relevant archives (ATA Go, V 198, Väskinde, Visby Stift Gotlands Län, Kungl. Byggnadsstyrelsen, Kulturhistoriska Byrån; ATA Go, Väskinde sn, Kyrkan, Dnr. 2029; GF Foto 978.46-48; GF rapport 114/53). Furthermore, the stone was mentioned in several newspaper articles in 1953 and 1963. The available information and pictures were published by Oehrl (2019, pp. 295–296, figs. 344c, 345a–c; see also Oehrl 2020b). \n\nDuring a restoration of the church in 1953, the wooden floor of the choir was removed and three picture stone pieces were uncovered in the medieval stone floor. They represent the two trapezoidal edge pieces and a roughly rectangular middle part of a tall Type C stone, which was split lengthwise twice. The two edge pieces indicate the monument’s characteristic mushroom shape. They were lying foot to foot, the convex head parts turned towards the altar, the broken edge facing the nave, forming the last step leading up to the floor level of the altar. The third fragment, the picture stone’s middle piece, is part of the first step up to the choir. Approximately half of it is covered by the picture stone pieces forming the last step. Remains of the figurative decoration of the stone as well as a runic inscription which will be described below (see VIII), are preserved only on this hidden part. \n\nAccording to the letters kept in the archives, the persons in charge in 1953 discussed the idea of moving the pieces into Gotland’s Museum. Eventually, however, the estimated costs for the removal of the fragments and the installation of new stone slabs were regarded as too high and as a disproportionate effort, as the stone hardly preserved any imagery. As a result, the monument was built in again and still lies in the church floor, where the carvings remain invisible. \n\nThe current choir was erected in the late 13th century when a previous church was rebuilt. During the early 14th century, the rebuilding was completed by the erection of the current nave and tower. Thus, the picture stone could have been incorporated into the floor during the late 13th century. \n\nThe other stones found during the church restoration in 1953 are GP 554 Väskinde kyrka 5 and GP 555 Väskinde kyrka 7, mentioned by Lindqvist in his article published in 1956 (Lindqvist 1956, pp. 27–30). The picture stones GP 546–548 and GP 557 (Väskinde kyrka I–IV) were published in “Gotlands Bildsteine”. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2598", "value_resource_id": 2598, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2598", "display_title": "GP0554", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c8dddf303f0e7592b7a4ce274307145933b0f467.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0554.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2599", "value_resource_id": 2599, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2599", "display_title": "GP 555 Väskinde kyrka 7", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/14eeb0d6b213c692b6c90802255a68449c285a95.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0555.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2590", "value_resource_id": 2590, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2590", "display_title": "GP 546 Väskinde kyrka I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/dcf3d8b8ce9bedef0be4b8fcab3061df56b48c18.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0546.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2591", "value_resource_id": 2591, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2591", "display_title": "GP 547 Väskinde kyrka II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4ec1cf91ec22a4c60cf8f1660578e89261bdc480.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0547.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2592", "value_resource_id": 2592, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2592", "display_title": "GP 548 Väskinde kyrka IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/607fc043ca7a40ca7fe55780dd077fa944600b80.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0548.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2601", "value_resource_id": 2601, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2601", "display_title": "GP 557 Väskinde kyrka III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0d01e05e255077fd1d022118ea83d2ebf99091d3.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0557.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The picture stone, made of limestone, was split at least twice and reworked, polished and hewn. The decoration was deleted, with the exception of the small hidden area at the edge of the middle part, which is hidden by the stone on top of it (see VI). Traces of the medieval stonemason’s wedges used for the splitting and typical medieval surface treatment can be observed, confirming that the picture stone was built into the church during the Middle Ages, probably in the second half of the 13th century, when the altar room was erected. Nevertheless, the typical shape of the head section – the only visible element indicating a Gotlandic picture stone – was maintained by the stonecutter. \n\nThe stone fragments forming the steps to the altar room, preserving the head and upper body of the monument, indicate a stone slab that originally was c. 3.55 m in height. All pieces are about 0.40 m wide and 0.20 m thick. However, the original width of the monument remains unclear, as the middle part is incomplete; furthermore, even the width of the edge pieces could have been greater than are seen today. In any case, the lower part of this magnificient monument was cut off, which would have made the original even taller than 3.55 m. According to Faith-Ells’s photos (GF Foto 978.46-48), the remains of a chequered sail are clearly visible on the lower part of the decorated area. The sail and the ship must have been particularly large, but only a small section of the sail’s upper part is preserved. Thus, a significant part of the monument’s lower field is missing, as well as its root, which must have been extraordinarily large in order to give this giant stone slab sufficient stability. The entire stone must have been at least (!) two metres taller than the three remaining fragments suggest. As a result, this unique monument seems to have had a height of considerably more than 5.55 m, which would make it by far the largest Gotlandic picture stone currently known. This was already suggested by Greta Arwidsson in her unpublished report in 1953 (GF Koncnr 114/53). Lindqvist (1956, p. 30) also calls the stone the largest known picture stone, however, without stating any measures. It is tempting to suggest that two trapezoidal stone slabs of approximately 2 m length each, which are built into the floor of the altar room, also belong to the missing lower part of the picture stone. They lie between the last step and the altar, next two the south and north walls (part 4 and 5 according to Oehrl 2019). Even if this interpretation is correct, however, the main part of the root would probably still be missing. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "355" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "40" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "20" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "On the outer edge of both side parts (parts 1 and 2 according to Oehrl 2019), which still indicate the typical mushroom shape of the monument, a carved contour line and some further unclear decorative elements can be observed, apparently the faint remains of an ornamented border, presumably an interlace pattern. \n\nOn the huge stone’s middle part (part 3 according to Oehrl 2019), re-used as the first step to the altar, traces of figurative carvings and a runic inscription are preserved. The piece is roughly rectangular, with an irregular edge at its right long side, where it was broken off. It is only a narrow, vertical area along this edge, narrowing toward the top that is still ornamented, while the part left to it (i.e., the surface of the first step) was completely smoothed by the stonemason. However, the decorated part is covered by the upper step on top of it and thus invisible today. During the church restoration in 1953, the upper steps were lifted, which allowed the decoration on the step stone beneath to be examined, traced with charcoal, and photographed. According to these photos made by H. Faith-Ell (GF Foto 978.46-48), a small part of an originally very large, chequered ship sail is preserved at the bottom of the decorated area. \n\nThe surviving section of the picture field above the sail seems to be polished or damaged; only small parts of it were traced with colour. At the bottom of this field, just above the sail, remains of a runic inscription can be seen (see VIII). At the upper edge of the picture field, two angled oblong elements can be isolated, reminiscent of the rows of sword-swinging warriors on GP 253 Lärbro St. Hammars I. Considering this resemblance, it seems plausible that the picture field above shows the remains of a depiction similar to the possible human sacrifice motif on the head part of the St. Hammars I monument. The Väskinde slab seems to depict a human figure wearing a long garment at the right edge of the field, which stretches its arm to the left. The figure’s hand appears to merge into an irregular and strange-looking object, which, compared to the depiction in a corresponding position on the Lärbro slab, could well be regarded as a bird (of prey) with its wings shown at the sides and close to the body. The three-pronged element above the possible bird is bent towards the human figure’s head and can easily be compared to the apparently vegetal element which on the Lärbro stone extends into the picture field from above. \n\nFrom here, the decorated section tapers, and the traced elements cannot be identified with any known motif or figure depiction. In the picture field just above the presumed person with the bird, another angled sword-like element is emphasised – possibly indicating further warrior figures wielding their weapons. Remains of at least one more picture field can be assumed. Lindqvist mentioned the stone only briefly in his 1956 (p. 30) article, mentioning the ship and the runic inscription, however, without describing them further. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2299", "value_resource_id": 2299, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2299", "display_title": "GP 253 Lärbro Stora Hammars I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d633dfb0db357f71c420b161a1e48e1024726ee9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0253", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Concerning the possible interpretation of the supposed sacrifice scene and the warriors in the field below see GP 253 Lärbro St. Hammars I. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2299", "value_resource_id": 2299, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2299", "display_title": "GP 253 Lärbro Stora Hammars I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d633dfb0db357f71c420b161a1e48e1024726ee9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0253", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "The shape of the side pieces clearly indicates a Type C stone. If the assumption is correct that the middle part of the giant stone preserves remains of a sacrifice scene similar to GP 253 Lärbro St. Hammars I and GP 175 Hangvar kyrka II, the Väskinde monument belongs to Lindqvist’s ʻLärbro groupʼ, which he dated to around AD 700 or the early 8th century. According to Lori Eshleman (1983), the Lärbro group was strongly influenced by the art of the Carolingian Renaissance and thus instead should be dated to the period between AD 790 and 840. The results of archaeological excavations at Type C picture stone sites also point to around AD 800 (Andreeff 2012). The inscription contains a clue for the stone’s date as well; long-twig runes were used from the early 8th century onwards. Short-twig runes do not emerge before AD 800. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2299", "value_resource_id": 2299, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2299", "display_title": "GP 253 Lärbro Stora Hammars I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d633dfb0db357f71c420b161a1e48e1024726ee9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0253", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2221", "value_resource_id": 2221, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2221", "display_title": "GP0175", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b3f0dec52f17b2ad0b2972024013e7ef4470bd09.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0175.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "Yes" } ], "ai2:runicInscription": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 286, "property_label": "Runic Inscription", "is_public": true, "@value": "Transliteration by Magnus Källström on basis of Faith-Ell’s photos: \n\n…(u)-(f)-h-----… " } ], "ai2:runicContextComments": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@value": "The basis for a runological consideration is the photo documentation from 1953, showing the carvings traced with black colour. Above the ship’s sail remains of a horizontal runic inscription can be seen. A small part of an upper framing line is visible as well. According to the report written by Greta Arwidsson in 1953 (GF Koncnr 114/53), remains of 10–12 runes can be observed. The only clear runic character is a long-twig h-rune h. " } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Oehrl 2020b; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 295–296, pls. 344c, 345a–c; Oehrl 2017b, p. 107, fig. 11; Lamm/Nylén 2003, p. 48; Lagerlöff/Svahnström 1991, p. 265; Lindqvist 1956, pp. 29–30. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1976:8449" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": " Väskinde 120:1" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/5080", "value_resource_id": 5080, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/5080", "display_title": "3D model for GP0549", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0549_center_DEPTH.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "333" } ], "ai2:dateOfDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 302, "property_label": "Year of Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "1953" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nPåträffad vid restaureringen av Väskinde kyrka 1953. Tre fragment av bildstenen hittades i trappan till det högre liggande golvpartiet kring altaret. \n\nNuvarande förvaringsplats \nFortfarande inmurad i trappan till kyrkans kor. \n\nBeskrivning \nTre 3.55 m fragment av en bildsten återanvända som trappsteg. Den svampformade bildstenen har kluvits på längden två gånger och huggits av i fotdelen. Ursprungligen måste stenen ha varit mer än 5.55 m hög. \n\nUtmed kanten av kantstyckena finns antagligen rester av en bård med flätband. På den rektangulära mellandelen några rester av bildframställningar. Möjligen kan man urskilja rester av några krigare med svärd och en man som håller en rovfågel i sin hand, liksom på bildstenen GP 253 Lärbro St. Hammars I. På Lärbrostenen är mannen med fågel del av en människoofferscen. Bildframställningarna på Väskindestenen är inte längre synliga på grund av att de ligger under det översta trappsteget. 1959 var de frilagda en kort tid. \n\nDatering \n700-talet eller mellan omkring år 800 och 900-talet e.Kr. (vikingatid). \n\nTolkning \nFör en möjlig tolkning av mannen med rovfågel se GP 253 Lärbro St. Hammars I. \n\nSO " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2299", "value_resource_id": 2299, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2299", "display_title": "GP 253 Lärbro Stora Hammars I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d633dfb0db357f71c420b161a1e48e1024726ee9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0253", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "human figure" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "warrior" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "dress" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "hand" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "bird" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sword" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6399417" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "704015" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6399417" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "704015" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2599", "o:title": "GP 555 Väskinde kyrka 7" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2580", "o:title": "GP 536 Vallstena kyrka" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2580", "o:title": "GP 536 Vallstena kyrka" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/5080", "o:title": "3D model for GP0549" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/401", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 401, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2593", "o:id": 2593 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.69059586000116, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.422898642808832, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2601", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2601, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 557 Väskinde kyrka III", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/0d01e05e255077fd1d022118ea83d2ebf99091d3.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/0d01e05e255077fd1d022118ea83d2ebf99091d3.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0d01e05e255077fd1d022118ea83d2ebf99091d3.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:21+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-08-26T11:59:48+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3996", "o:id": 3996 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3996", "o:id": 3996 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3792", "o:id": 3792 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3793", "o:id": 3793 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 557 Väskinde kyrka III" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0557" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/afd9ce90-4ae4-4c1b-b65d-965af5d12519", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The churchyard wall of Väskinde church. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Churchyard" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väskinde" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väskinde kyrka" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Återfunnen liggande på kyrkogårdsmuren söder om västra stigportsluckan." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The only available information is given by Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 141): “This stone was found by [Fredrik Nordin] in 1913, lying on the cemetery wall just south of the western lychgate.” The three lychgates were erected around 1300, together with the current nave and tower. " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist describes the stone fragment as follows (1941/42 II, p. 141): “Limestone slab, up to 14 cm thick. The obverse is reasonably smooth, but unhewn. Both vertical edges appear to have been roughly hewn at right angles towards the obverse, but of the original left narrow side, nowadays only a small part remains, close to the broken-off upper left corner. Otherwise, the stone is defined on the left by a recent, roughly hewn narrow side. At the upper right corner, there is a clear, right-angled crack (next to it, the upper part of the vertical edge is slightly damaged). The upper edge, the contour of which is most likely to have corresponded to that on the stone Ardre Petsarve I, has been treated like the vertical sides. The reverse is rough and unworked. The stone’s total height is 113 cm, of which 72 cm are accounted for by the section above the root. The width is 59 cm.” The surface is much weathered and worn. As the stone is so much fragmented and only small parts of the original edges are preserved, it is difficult to determine its original shape (see IX). " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "115" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "60" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "14" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "According to Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 141), “[…] only a number of insignificant lines are preserved that probably represent a vessel with rounded, towering stems and a sail with square pattern. Close below the keel, two horizontal lines of the border can be seen. The background field is chiseled.” In his book, however, he only reproduces a photo of the unpainted stone (ibid. fig. 555), on which nothing more than a horizontal border line and presumably some parts of the square pattern can be discerned. An unpublished drawing by Olof Sörling depicts the described ship’s hull, as well as minor parts of its mast, sail, and rigging (ATA, Run- och bildstenssamling). " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "The stone is very fragmented and only small parts of its original edges are preserved. Therefore, it is difficult to determine its original shape and type (see V). The dimensions of the fragment and the rudimentary sailing ship indicate a late-type picture stone, ʻAbschnittʼ C/D or E according to Lindqvist, which means a dating between the 8th century and about AD 1100. Due to the shape of the preserved upper right corner of the Väskinde slab, which he compares to the small gable- or wave-shaped picture stones GP 19 Ardre Petsarve I and GP 103 Garda Smiss II, Lindqvist regards it as a Type C ʻcist stoneʼ (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 44; 1964, p. 67). If this interpretation is correct, Väskinde kyrka III represents the only known cist stone depicting a ship (ibid.). According to Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 40, 47–48, 58–61; 1964), those gable-like picture stones with wave-shaped upper edge, the so-called cist stones, were used either pairwise representing grave markers or in a group of four that form cist-shaped (grave or sacrificial) monuments. However, all known cist stones have been discovered in secondary contexts (Stenkvist 2014). In Stenkvist’s study, the fragment from Väskinde church is not considered at all, presumably due to its fragmentary condition and uncertain typology. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2066", "value_resource_id": 2066, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2066", "display_title": "GP 19 Ardre Petsarve I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/bc5e17d02e70a8735691171c07c152d3771a82d7.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0019.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2150", "value_resource_id": 2150, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2150", "display_title": "GP 103 Garda Smiss II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f7e543b80cc7a85e1ca3d476fbc7deee78b2b9a8.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0103.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Cist stone" }, { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Unclear" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" }, { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "E (ca. 1000-1150)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lundmark 1929, pp. 222–223; Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 141, fig. 555; 1964, p. 67. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1976:8460" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "120:3" } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Västkinde, Kirche III" } ], "ai2:depositionID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 313, "property_label": "Deposition ID Gotlands Museum", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFDEP416" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/5088", "value_resource_id": 5088, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/5088", "display_title": "3D model for GP0557" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "330" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nObserverades första gången 1913, då stenen låg på kyrkogårdsmuren söder om den västra stigluckan. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museum, magasinet på Visborgsslätt. \n\nBeskrivning \nFragment av en bildsten (troligen period CD), bevarad höjd 113 cm och bredd 72 cm. Spår av ett skepp med mast, segel och rigg. \n\nDatering \nDateringen oklar, men tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6399417" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "704015" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2593", "o:title": "GP 549 Väskinde kyrka 6" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2599", "o:title": "GP 555 Väskinde kyrka 7" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/5088", "o:title": "3D model for GP0557" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/409", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 409, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2601", "o:id": 2601 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.69059586000116, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.422898642808832, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2604", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2604, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 560 Västerhejde Suderbys", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/711ee1535b4e7be9444bbdf21231307f75bd126b.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/711ee1535b4e7be9444bbdf21231307f75bd126b.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/711ee1535b4e7be9444bbdf21231307f75bd126b.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:21+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-15T08:57:20+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3998", "o:id": 3998 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3998", "o:id": 3998 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 560 Västerhejde Suderbys" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0560" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/f9192806-1654-4e0e-aad7-df27c5029677", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Standing on a field south of Suderbys farmstead in Västerhejde parish. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Agricultural Field" }, { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "In situ" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Västerhejde" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Västerhejde Suderbys" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Står troligen på ursprunglig plats. Nordin fann keramik och ett mindre gravklot? Vid stenens fot (Lindqvist 1942:140)." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Västerhejde" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Still in situ. " } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Agricultural Field" }, { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "In situ" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Västerhejde Suderbys" } ], "ai2:presentLocationNote": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 294, "property_label": "Context Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "På åkern ca 100m söder om Suderbys Herrgård" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "This huge stone that is standing on its original spot was already known to Per Arvid Säve (Samlingar III, p. 498) and investigated by Fredrik Nordin, the results of which are described by Lindqvist (1941/42 II, pp. 139–140) in detail: \n\n“This stone stands, with its obverse towards the west, about 150 m south of the dwelling house on the crest of a ridge of land running north-south that is completely cultivated. Though a number of stones from the field have been collected around the picture stone, it can be assumed that it had been erected in the natural surface of the ground, without a mound surrounding it. Regardless, [Per Arvid Säve] in 1866 drew the stone as if it was standing on top of a small mound [Samlingar III, p. 498; ATA run- och bildstenssamling 565:1]. In any case, the phrase ‘standing on a mound on Häjneäkur’ occurring in the following text must not necessarily refer directly to an artificial mound, and in 1910, [Fredrik Nordin] mentioned: ‘On the west side, there is a wild service tree, and around this tree as well as around the stone, many stones have been piled up. The stone probably is standing in its original place. It now is tilted strongly towards the east. The stone stands in a place that rises high over the surrounding landscape.’ The obverse faced towards W 10° S. Although the stone was leaning backwards as early as 1866, the view was expressed that over the years it had been pushed even more into a leaning position by the strong wild service tree. As a consequence, in 1911, [Fredrik Nordin] had the tree cut down and the stone set upright again. This revealed that a large part of the stone pile around the picture stone (especially on the west side, up to a distance of 1.5 m from the stone) had come there in later times. ‘But in the ground closest to the picture stone it was wedged fast with stones to a depth of 60 cm; towards the east, the stone filling did not extend further away from the stone than about 50 cm. The stone sat 70 cm deep in the earth. At the stone’s north end, on the west side between the loose stones, there lay a round, flat limestone fragment that obviously was hewn. At one place, a piece was missing, and therefore it cannot be decided with any certainty whether the fragment was completely circular or instead perhaps could have been the upper part of a very small picture stone. The diameter is 28 cm, the thickness 4–8 cm. One side is smooth, the other rugged. A trimmed, spherical cobble with a diameter of 8 cm lay on the stone’s west side, in a depth of 40 cm below ground. There are no grinding areas on this sphere. Towards the west, a stone slab stood next to the picture stone’s bottom. Originally, it had been very close to the picture stone, but the wild service tree had pushed itself between them and separated them. On the lower edge of this stone, in a depth of 65 cm, a small piece of a clay vessel was found as well as a piece of charcoal. Unburnt animal bones were scattered here and there in the stone filling.” \n\nAccording to the 1928 inventory (Fasta Fornminnen inom Vesterhejde socken, ATA dnr 4626-1928, including photo), 8 to 10 years before (i.e., around 1920), the stone had fallen again and re-erected one more time. The same is said to have happened “during the last years”, which appears to mean sometime between around 1925 and 1928. In 2019 it was time again to raise the steadily tilting monument once and for all (RAÄ, supplement to inventory book 2019-11-12; Länsstyrelsens dnr 431-2547-02; GF). Using an excavator and a loader, the slab was completely unearthed, lifted up, set upright and anchored again. The root was buried in the earth and fixed with stones and gravel, which then was consolidated with a vibrating plate. \n\nIn 2002, a phosphate mapping was performed at the spot, revealing a high phosphate level in the area just around the picture stone, in particular northwest and southeast of the monument (RAÄ, supplement to inventory book dnr 321-1810-2003). An archaeological test dig was carried out at the place as well, however, without providing any find material. A preliminary investigation of the Suderbys area showed that was probably remarkable settlement activity and continuity at least during the Iron and Middle Ages (ATA dnr 321-1949-2002; Länsstyrelse dnr 220-5981-01). " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The entire mushroom-shaped monument is completely preserved. Lindqvist described the stone as follows (1941/42 II, p. 140): “Limestone slab, up to 33 cm thick. The obverse is smooth and weathered, especially on the right side. The narrow sides are rounded towards the back, and the reverse is rough. The stone’s height above ground is about 2.8 m. The head is 85 cm high and 105 cm wide. The width of the neck is 92 cm, that of the base 152 cm. The decoration, which now – apart from the part of the sail’s rhombic pattern – is very vague and unclear, is executed in thin, carved lines and by slightly chiselled background fields.” The stoneʼs surface is covered by white lichens. Early photos of the stone standing in the landscape are kept in ATAʼs bild- och runstenssamling and Lindqvistʼs estate in Uppsala University Library. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "280" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "152" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "33" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "This is one of those cases in which Lindqvistʼs description of the carvings does not fully correspond to the photos of the painted stone reproduced in his book but are partly based on Olof Sörlingʼs drawings instead. The description is a mixture of that which is depicted in the photo (1941/42 II, fig. 554; taken by Faith-Ell 1933, cf. ATA) and what is drawn by Sörling (fig. 560; drawn 1918, cf. ATA): “The field inside of a broad framing border with band pattern [which is neither depicted in the photo nor in the drawing] appears to have been divided into panels below a horizontal border at the neck as well as into two more panels at the head. The bottommost of these panels is filled by a ship with towering stems [one of which is, according to Sörlingʼs drawing, ending in an animal head] and a large sail with rhombic pattern (over a row of waves with whitecaps? [only depicted in Sörlingʼs drawing]). In the panel closely above the horizontal border, a procession of walking men can be made out [only depicted in Sörlingʼs drawing], and just above them, there are the forelegs and the belly of a horse [only depicted in Sörlingʼs drawing].” In Lindqvistʼs own photo but not mentioned in his text, the forepart of a horse and an arm holding and proffering a drinking horn are depicted in the panel just above the ship. Today, however, it is hardly possible to discern any carvings on the monument, except certain parts of the sailʼs rhombic pattern. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall mushroom-shaped late-type picture stone, belonging to ʻAbschnittʼ C/D according to Lindqvistʼs typology. Those monuments can only be roughly dated to the period between the 8th century and around AD 1000. That the monument represents an 11th-century Type E stone is very unlikely. Tall Type E stones usually are decorated with deeply grooved ornament and inscriptions, which cannot just disappear by weathering. According to Rundkvist’s typology (2012), the stone belongs to the outline type ʻtall4ʼ, which he dates to the Middle Viking Period. Varenius (1992), based on his analysis of the ship’s rigging (group III segelskepp med skot i hanfot), dates it to the 9th to 10th centuries. Small archaeological investigations carried out in 2002 did not provide any dateable material (see IV). " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, fig. 221; II, pp. 139–140, figs. 554, 560; Måhl 1990, p. 23; Andreeff 2012, pp. 130, 143; Oehrl 2019a, p. 34. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1976:7772" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Västerhejde 8:1" } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Västerhejde, Suderbys" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/5091", "value_resource_id": 5091, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/5091", "display_title": "3D model for GP0560", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0560_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "327" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nOmtalas första gången 1866, då bildstenen stod på en liten hög i Häjneäkur söder om gården Suderbys. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nSamma plats som 1866. \n\nBeskrivning \nHelt bevarad stor svampformig bildsten (period CD), 280 cm hög och som bredast 152 cm. Stenen består av flera bildfält, det nedersta med vågor och ett skepp med segel. Över detta fält en procession av gående män och över detta bildfält spår av en häst. \n\nDatering \nDateringen oklar, men tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "group" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "arm" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "drinking horn" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6385801" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "692097" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6385801" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "692097" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/5091", "o:title": "3D model for GP0560" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/412", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 412, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2604", "o:id": 2604 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.57372696950017, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.212503087356936, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2605", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2605, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 561 Väte Gullarve", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/c89e316930bb76d11c3e308904bae3dac0df0f6a.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/c89e316930bb76d11c3e308904bae3dac0df0f6a.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c89e316930bb76d11c3e308904bae3dac0df0f6a.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:21+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-08-26T12:01:17+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3999", "o:id": 3999 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3999", "o:id": 3999 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3810", "o:id": 3810 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3811", "o:id": 3811 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3815", "o:id": 3815 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 561 Väte Gullarve" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0561" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "An agricultural field belonging to the property of Gullarve farm in Väte parish. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Agricultural Field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väte" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väte Gullarve" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Funnen i en åker vid utgrävning av en grav (Lindqvist 1942:144). I föremålskatalogen GF står dock att den återfanns vid dikesgrävning." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Very little information about the find circumstances is available. Lindqvist notes in his book (1941/42 II, p. 144): “This picture stone was found around 1890 in an agricultural field during the digging of a ditch. It is said to have been approximately 1 m under the surface.” According to further information kept in the archives of Gotlands Museum, the stone was registered by Fornsalen in 1909, when it was still situated at the farmstead of Gullarve (Storgården) and donated to the Museum by the landowner Henrik Johansson in 1911. In 2010, the stone was in the depot of Kulturreservatet Norrbys in Väte parish, but between 2010 and 2013 it was transferred to Gotlands Museum storage in Visborg. There are no registered burial grounds or stone settings on the property of Gullarve gård. However, there is a complex of prehistoric house foundations and stone enclosures (Gullarve Änge) just south of Botarve gård, on the other side of the road (RAÄ Gullarve 15 and 41). " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, about 23 cm thick. The obverse is even, on the bodies upper part the narrow sides are hewn at right angles towards the obverse and rounded towards the back; elsewhere, they are chamfered towards the back. The reverse is rough and unworked. Surviving height 183 cm. The head is 96 cm wide, the neck 87 cm, and the base 92 cm.” The picture stoneʼs root is missing, otherwise the monument is entirely preserved. However, the edges are abraded and the surface heavily weathered. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "184" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "97" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "23" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "There are no less than four varying versions of documentation of the stone and its decoration. The earliest one is a drawing from Olof Sörling dating to around 1910, depicting only a few parts of the border decoration and the chequered sail of a ship (ATA 2440:22; Oehrl 2019a, pl. 186d). In ATAʼs run- och bildstenssamling, two photos of the painted stone taken by Harald Faith-Ell in 1933 are kept, which differ in some crucial aspects. The first, which represents the only picture reproduced in Lindqvistʼs book (1941/42 I, fig. 78), depicts a framing interlace border and two image fields on the monumentʼs body (ATA 1719:4). The lower field features a ship with chequered sail and some remains of the rigging and very indistinct contours of the crewmen. The upper panel shows the body and legs of a horse, turning to the right, surrounded by indefinable bas-relief fields. This panel and the completely weathered head field are separated from each other by a horizontal border with a cross-hatched pattern. The second 1933 version of the stone, however, which was not published by Lindqvist, features a much clearer picture of the ship, including three waves at the bottom, a rudder, and a crewman with round shield (ATA 1751:17; Oehrl 2019a, pl. 186c). The horse is more detailed as well, featuring its complete head, and a rider leaning back on his mount. In the head field, remains of a horizontal border can be seen, dividing it into two panels. A photo taken by Raymond Hejdström which is kept in the archives of Gotlands Museum (neg. nr. XXI:579) appears to represent the same painted version of the stone; however, the image is sharper and shows the details a bit better. \n\nLindqvist describes the carvings as follows (1941/42 II, p. 144): “The decoration was sketched out in thin lines by a sharp instrument and then partly widened into narrow chiselled lines with rounded bases. Every second square of the sail and the background fields are carved into the stone. The framing border is filled with an interlace of s-shaped elements, the pattern of which was first interpreted by [Gabriel Gustafson]. The field above the horizontal border appears to have been divided into two panels of equal height, but their imagery can no longer be identified. In the third panel, only the background field under the horse’s belly is clearly visible, while the horseman and everything else can be discerned only vaguely. The details of the ship with its rounded stems and the chequered sail as well as of the waves beneath it also by no means are always clear.” \n\nIn the 1950s, Karl Hauck examined the stone based on a latex cast, trying to identify further details of the decoration. His drawing (which he did never publish) features a whole range of astonishing but implausible new details and figures, such as a manned carriage in the head field, as well as a woman with a drinking horn and a bucket welcoming the horseman, who is blowing a hunting horn and holding a raptor on his outstretched fist (Oehrl 2019a, pl. 40a–b). The figures are marvelously detailed and therefore appear very dubious and untrustworthy. Sigmund Oehrl checked Hauckʼs documentation and came to the conclusion that the great majority of his additions are without verifiable foundation (ibid. pp. 68–84, 286–287). In most cases, however, Hauckʼs overflowing interpretations contain certain elements of the surface structure which indeed, on the basis of digital images applications, can be verified. In the case of Väte Gullarve, there is a shape documentable above the back of the horse, which actually could represent the very faint remains of a bird (ibid. pp. 180, 286, pls. 187a–b; Oehrl in print b). " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Regarding the interpretation of the ship and equestrian motifs, see in particular GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III, concerning the horseman and adventus motive see also GP 94 Garda Bote, GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I, GP 21 Ardre Kyrka VIII and GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I. A depiction of a mounted falconer whith a hunting bird on his fist can be seen on GP 212 Klinte Hunninge IV (Klintebys); see the relevant article for more information on the iconography of falconry. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2141", "value_resource_id": 2141, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2141", "display_title": "GP0094", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/89d351acb925a49bbbc69ed6cd935473f2384af3.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0094.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "value_resource_id": 2258, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2258", "display_title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall mushroom-shaped late type picture stone. Lindqvist regards the stone from Gullarve as an ʻAbschnittʼ C monument, dating around AD 700. Such late-type picture stones (Type C/D) can only be roughly dated to the period between the 8th century (or rather around AD 800) and circa 1000. Lindqvist ascribes Väte Gullarve to his small ʻhybrid groupʼ (Hybridengruppe) of ʻstones with horizontally oriented cornersʼ (Steine mit horizontalgerichteten Ecken). Those monuments, such as GP 37 Bro Eriks I, GP 45 Bro Eriks II, GP 185 Hejnum Rings and GP 191 Hejnum Mallgårds 1 (as well as the Type E stone GP 32 Boge kyrka, which represents a palimpsest) feature a slightly convex head and corners protruding at right angles to the body (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, tbl. III). This head shape corresponds to certain Type B dwarf stones. Therefore, Lindqvist (ibid. p. 46) regards these picture stones as a Hybridengruppe, probably representing a phase of transition between ʻAbschnittʼ B and C. If this interpretation is correct, those stones could be regarded as the earliest Type C/D stones, presumably dating to the 8th century or possibly around 700. However, Väte Gullarve differs from those stones as its head is semi-circular and thus the corners do not really protrude horizontally. Lindqvistʼs assignment can certainly be questioned. \n\nAccording to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type tall3, which occurs in his periods 5 (Early Viking Period), and 7 (Late Viking Period). Imer (2004, p. 104), however, dates the monument to between AD 750 and circa 900, and Varenius (1992, appendix 2), based on his analysis of the ship’s rigging (group III segelskepp med skot hanfot), to the 9th or 10th century. The chessboard pattern of the sail, formed by horizontal and vertical lines – differing from most ship depictions that feature rhombic patterns formed by diagonal lines – represents a special characteristic of the Gullarve stone (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 117). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2084", "value_resource_id": 2084, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2084", "display_title": "GP0037", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/49e5d0744d4567eff73da218d9c0b41f3f202a35.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0037.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2092", "value_resource_id": 2092, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2092", "display_title": "GP0045", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a7fed3f3c9db0e91e02faae04e0847813ef2afc.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0045.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2231", "value_resource_id": 2231, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2231", "display_title": "GP 185 Hejnum Rings", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/30045aa2d70af628da4ac73f170885e647fddf80.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0185A.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2237", "value_resource_id": 2237, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2237", "display_title": "GP 191 Hejnum Mallgårds 1", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/855ec9431b6c9e9bfbe4f6c67dad7f8bf35813e5.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0191.JPG", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2079", "value_resource_id": 2079, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2079", "display_title": "GP 32 Boge kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/654d1307c8195d98c52882ecdf4f2f2a47998687.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0032A.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 71, 117, fig. 78; II, p. 144; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 74, 180–181, 227–228, 276, 286, pls. 40a–b, 186a–d, 187a–b. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väte, Gullarve" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC1668" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/5092", "value_resource_id": 5092, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/5092", "display_title": "3D model for GP0561", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0561_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "340" } ], "ai2:limestoneType": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 325, "property_label": "Limestone Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "coarse reef debris limestone" } ], "ai2:geologicalGroup": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 326, "property_label": "Geological Group", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinteberg Formation (30%)" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nPåträffades omkring 1890 vid dikesgrävning i åker tillhörande gården Gullarve. Donerades till Gotlands museum 1911. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museum, magasinet på Visborgsslätt. \n\nBeskrivning \nHelt bevarad stor svampformig bildsten (period CD), 183 cm hög och som bredast 96 cm. På stenen nederdel finns ett skepp med segel och svaga spår av besättning. Över skeppet finns spår av en häst och en stående person, sannolikt ett välkomstmotiv. \n\nDatering \nDateringen oklar, men tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nVälkomstmotivet kan representera en valkyria som mottar en död man i Valhall. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "shield" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "bird" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6373002" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "702261" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2231", "o:title": "GP 185 Hejnum Rings" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2272", "o:title": "GP 226 Källunge kyrka 8" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2584", "o:title": "GP 540 Visby St Hans I" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/5092", "o:title": "3D model for GP0561" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/413", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 413, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2605", "o:id": 2605 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.454524007572104, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.37153519783817, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2607", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2607, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 563 Väte kyrka 2", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/c4c06c2a39c57d7799239e1d1fed91d30fc4df58.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/c4c06c2a39c57d7799239e1d1fed91d30fc4df58.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c4c06c2a39c57d7799239e1d1fed91d30fc4df58.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:21+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-15T08:46:31+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4000", "o:id": 4000 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4000", "o:id": 4000 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3844", "o:id": 3844 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3845", "o:id": 3845 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3846", "o:id": 3846 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 563 Väte kyrka 2" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0563" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/0faf38e7-1410-4026-9085-1e2fbb3ee5b4", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väte church" } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väte" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väte kyrka" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Återfunnen i korgolvet bakom altaret." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väte" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Exhibited inside the western part of the church, next to the portal." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väte kyrka" } ], "ai2:presentLocationNote": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 294, "property_label": "Context Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Vid besök 050810 satt två bildstenar fastmonterade på västra väggen vid tornportalen." } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "In 1983, Beata Böttger-Niedenzu discovered two previously unknown picture stones in the choir floor of Väte church. Böttger-Niedenzu, who submitted her master’s thesis on Gotland’s picture stones to the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich in 1982, went through the Gotlandic rural churches during the years 1981 to1985 and discovered no fewer than 38 new picture stones, which she published in a brief catalogue in 1988. \n\nBoth stones from Väte church were re-used as floor slabs in the altar room, which was built around 1300. Picture stone no. 2 was lying directly east of (i.e., just behind) the altar. Stone no. 1 instead was placed approximately 1.5 m south-east of the altar, next to the stone steps located in the south-east corner of the room. However, the measurements of stone no. 2 as well as its traces of abrasion suggest that the slab was formerly been (re)used as doorstep of the portal to the sacristy at the north side of the choir (ATA dnr 2374/92). The sacristy was built together with the choir around 1300. The portal to the sacristy includes spolia from a 12th century church building, probably originating from a former church’s choir portal. Whether the picture stone was part of the 12th century church portal or not, however, must remain an open question. \n\nIn any case, the picture stone seems to have been incorporated into the portal to the sacristy around 1300 and sometime later moved into the floor of the altar room. In 1986, in the course of a restoration of the altar, both stones were uncovered completely and moved to the western part of the church, where they are located today (see V; ATA dnr 2374/92; Ämbetsarkivet, K2, Fotografisamlingen, Gotland, Väte sn, KB, RVIII:556 and PVIII:752 [93-108-15 and 93-108-3]). " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "Before it was re-used as building material, the large limestone slab was reworked to a rectangular piece, which was 1.36 m high, 0.84 m wide and 0.12 m thick. The surface is worn by footsteps; however, the relief on the left half of the stone is relatively well preserved in certain parts, while the right half of the slab is almost totally polished. When Böttger-Niedenzu discovered the stone in 1983, it was placed between the altar and the apse wall, and the polished right half of the monument was covered by a radiator. In this position, such heavy abrasion was impossible to occur. Thus, the stone must have been used previously at another location. Since 1986, both picture stones originating from the choir floor – Väte kyrka 2 and GP 564 Väte kyrka 1 – are exhibited inside the western part of the church, next to the tower portal. They are attached to the wall directly left of the organ, side by side, by means of four metal holders each. \n\nThe carved or chiseled background planes of the bas-relief are remarkably dark or even black in color, which seems to be an effect of microbial infestation rather than a result of soiling. In the top part of the rectangular slab, disturbing both the horizontal border and the horse scene, a square hole of circa 5x5 cm is placed, containing the stump of a wooden beam from a more recent re-use. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2608", "value_resource_id": 2608, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2608", "display_title": "GP 564 Väte kyrka 1", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/aebc33db88c0576a6474858da975e183a8e90250.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0564.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "136" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "84" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "12" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "customvocab:10", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "The inner line of the edge border decoration is preserved on both side edges of the slab. In the upper left corner, this narrow strip is slightly bent outwards, indicating the head part of a mushroom-shaped monument. There are also some remains of the actual border decoration, an interlace pattern, preserved on both sides of the slab, in particular, on its left. Thus, almost the entire original width of the monument is preserved, except for the edge border pattern, which might have been about 0.10 m wide in total. However, it is likely that a large part of the stone’s lower section is missing. \n\nTwo horizontal borders divide the remaining surface into three panels. The upper one, dividing the head panel from the large neck panel below, is decorated with a simple step pattern. The lower border is undecorated but framed by two horizontal narrow strips. In the right half of the stone, which is strongly worn, it is very difficult to identify any remains of the relief figures. In the left half instead, at least some parts of the figurative motifs just next to the panel’s left end are easily discernable. \n\nThe head part preserves the hind legs and the tail of a horse. Between the horse’s legs, a spike-like triangle is depicted, pointing upwards. Seemingly, the horse is stepping over this barrier. A rectangular field directly behind the horse remains unclear. \n\nThe large neck panel in the middle of the preserved stone, whose height is completely preserved, depicts the left half of a sailing ship with a relatively small, chequered sail. Parts of the rigging are preserved as well, in particular, a relatively broad diagonal strip, apparently coming from the ship’s hull and crossing the sail. The left end of the ship’s hull including the stem are clearly visible, as well as remains of two simplified crew members onboard. Beneath the vessel, placed on the panel’s baseline, a row of triangles pointing upwards obviously represents the waves of the sea. A strange curved and axe-like element is depicted directly to the left side of the ship’s sail. A corresponding figure is also placed next to the ship on GP 95 Garda kyrka 7. A similar but much smaller object is depicted on GP 433 Stenkyrka kyrka 11, next to the human being’s face. \n\nIn the lowest panel, an almost vertical line can be seen, whose top end bends to the right. The line is decorated with a row of spike-like triangles pointing to the left. A horizontal staff to the right, probably a spear, points at the spiked structure, seemingly flying towards the vertical line of triangles (Böttger-Niedenzu 1988, p. 19). In the heavily worn area to the right, there is a similar but roughly horizontal line decorated with upward-pointing spike-like triangles, placed near the lower edge of the panel (ibid.). The left end of this line bends upwards. As a result of a re-examination of the stone surface in 2013, Oehrl assumes that both lines of triangles are part of an upside-down U-shaped structure, probably a kind of enclosure or simplified building, which is covered and decorated with spike-like elements. A similar depiction of a building, represented by a simple upside-down U-shaped frame, can be seen on GP 3 Alskog kyrka. Comparable are also the upside-down U-shaped hall buildings on the prominent monuments GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I and GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII. All three stones are assigned by Lindqvist to his ʻTjängvide-Gruppeʼ. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2142", "value_resource_id": 2142, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2142", "display_title": "GP 95 Garda kyrka 7", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/05739491a7017961eb019e8354111404b858ee7d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GF_kyrkoinventarier_Garde_del2_2003-2004_no185.pdf", "thumbnail_type": "application/pdf" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2478", "value_resource_id": 2478, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2478", "display_title": "GP 433 Stenkyrka kyrka 11" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2050", "value_resource_id": 2050, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2050", "display_title": "GP 3 Alskog kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/50a7bab11df828a06ad8a95ac40128b793f64c22.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0003.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Concerning the interpretation of the horseman and ship motifs on Gotlandic picture stones, see GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I, GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII, GP 94 Garda Bote, GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I, GP 212 Klinte Hunninge IV (Klintebys), and GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III. Both motifs, horseman and ship, are commonly regarded as depicting the deceased’s journey and arrival in the world of the dead. In this context, triangles between the horse’s legs, as depicted on the Väte stone, are interpreted as representations of the barrier dividing the world of the living from the world of the dead, a simplified fence, gate or grid (Lindqvist 1941/42 vol. I, p. 99; Weber 1973, p. 95). Such a barrier is mentioned in Old Norse literature, in the relatively young (12th/13th century?) eddic poems Grímnismál (stanza 22, valgrindr) and Lokasenna (stanza 63, nágrindr) as well as in Snorri’s Gylfaginning from about 1220 (cap. 49, helgrindr). According to Snorri, Óðinn’s son Hermóðr, riding on his father’s horse Sleipnir, jumps over this very fence in order to reach the realm of Hel (Faulkes 2005, p. 47). \n\nThe possible building decorated with spikes in the bottom panel is quite unusual. If the upside-down U-shaped depiction represents a kind of domed architecture, as in the case of some picture stones of the ʻTjängvide-Gruppeʼ (see VI), its spike-like decoration and connection with a spear could perhaps be compared to buildings shown on the tapestries from Oseberg (AD 834) and Överhogdal (between AD 1040 and 1170, concerning the dating see Possnert 2010). On both wall hangings, simplified architecture can be seen, whose roof is decorated by longish and pointed elements, obviously spears. In the case of Överhogdal, a runic titulus calls this very building [--] ˟kuþbu, which means [...] guðbú ʻhome of the godsʼ, probably Sē guðbú ʻSee [here] the home of the godsʼ, (Peterson 2006, pp. 157–159, figs. 57–58). This is reminiscent of the description of Óðinn’s great hall Valhǫll in the eddic poem Grímnismál (stanza 9 – Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 59), saying that the roof of this building is constructed of spears as rafters and thatched with shields (Wikman 1996, p. 33; Horneij 1991, pp. 140–141 instead argues that the building represents the Holy City of Jerusalem; regarding Oseberg: Vedeler 2019, pp. 97–100). The dating of the poem’s stanzas is controversial – late pagan period, which means 11th century, or close to the time of the manuscript, which is 12th or even early 13th century (e.g. Egeler 2013a). Imaginably, the depiction on the Väte stone also represents a strongly simplified hall building covered with spears or spearheads, perhaps Valhǫll. Thus, the stone perhaps presented the journey of the dead – on horseback and by ship on the head and neck part – and their final destination. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2141", "value_resource_id": 2141, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2141", "display_title": "GP0094", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/89d351acb925a49bbbc69ed6cd935473f2384af3.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0094.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "value_resource_id": 2258, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2258", "display_title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall mushroom-shaped late-type picture stone, i.e., Type C/D according to Lindqvistʼs typology. Those monuments can only be roughly dated to the period between the 8th century and the 10th century. A horse motif on the top field and a ship in the panel directly below (which means in the middle part of the monument and not at the bottom, as usual) is characteristic of a small group of Type C monuments from Klinte parish, called ʻKlinte-Gruppeʼ by Lindqvist. Cf. GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I, GP 210 Klinte Hunninge II, and GP 212 Klinte Klintebys (which also bears a simple step pattern, as the upper horizontal border on the Väte stone). Cf. also GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III which by Lindqvist, however, is considered a Type D monument. Klinte is only about 12 km away from Väte church. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2256", "value_resource_id": 2256, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2256", "display_title": "GP 210 Klinte Hunninge II (Klinteberget)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c485b40065f70540d2e73913c274e8ef5773688c.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0210.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "value_resource_id": 2258, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2258", "display_title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2257", "value_resource_id": 2257, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2257", "display_title": "GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cb5d2c8af425bf47098bed0d220392ad0e0bdcce.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0211.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "Unknown" } ], "ai2:runicInscription": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 286, "property_label": "Runic Inscription", "is_public": true, "@value": "?" } ], "ai2:runicContextComments": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@value": "Probably no inscription. However, the lower horizontal border is framed but undecorated, which possibly indicates that an inscription or ornament was intended or perhaps executed only with paint. The same type of border serves as inscription band on the stones GP 171 Hangvar kyrka III, GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III, GP 111 Gothem kyrka 4, and GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2217", "value_resource_id": 2217, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2217", "display_title": "GP0171", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/192c2b27e331ddffdcc29d3d48ef7317e91819f2.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0171.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2158", "value_resource_id": 2158, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2158", "display_title": "GP0111", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4b7ec6b89a9c25ebf69b3765d21cd47ae99bfa2e.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0111.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Böttger-Niedenzu 1988, pp. 17–19, drawing 7, figs. 1–2; Oehrl 2019a, p. 228, pls. 46c–e. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1975:1358" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väte 4:5" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/5094", "value_resource_id": 5094, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/5094", "display_title": "3D model for GP0563", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0563_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "440" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nPåträffad 1983 i Väte kyrka. Stenen var återanvänd som golvbeläggning i altarrummet. Tidigare var den antagligen inbyggd som tröskel till sakristian. \n\nNuvarande förvaringsplats \nFastmonterad på västra innerväggen vid tornportalen och orgeln. \n\nDatering \n700-talet eller mellan omkring år 800 och 900-talet e.Kr. (vikingatid). \n\nBeskrivning \nStenen är sekundärt omarbetad och omformad till en rektangulär platta av 1.36 m x 0.84 m storlek. Ursprungligen har den varit svampformad. \n\nTvå horisontala bårder delar in stenen i tre bildfält. I den vänstra halvan av stenen är några rester av figurframställningar bevarade. Bildfält uppe (huvud): Bakben och svans av en häst. Mellan de två benen en triangel. Bildfält i mitten: Segelfartyg och vågor som består av trianglar. Bildfält nedan: Ett flygande spjut och en tandad ram, kanske en byggnad som är dekorerad med (spjut)spetsar. \n\nTolkning \nHäst och skepp har vanligtvis tolkats som bilder av resan till dödsriket, se särskilt GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I, GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII, GP 94 Garda Bote, GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I och GP 162 Halla Broa IV. Kanske hästen på Vätestenen hoppar över en inhägnad som omger dödsriket. Den fömodade byggnad som är dekorerad med (spjut)spetsar kanske är Odens sal Valhǫll (Valhall), som enligt Poetiska Eddan har ett tak som består av spjut och sköldar. \n\nSO " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2141", "value_resource_id": 2141, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2141", "display_title": "GP0094", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/89d351acb925a49bbbc69ed6cd935473f2384af3.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0094.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2208", "value_resource_id": 2208, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2208", "display_title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a1bbec5d51ba0e734796179599db95712073b49d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0162.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "leg" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "tail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "spear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "building" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "Valhalla" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "triangle" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6372380" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "701827" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6372380" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "701827" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2608", "o:title": "GP 564 Väte kyrka 1" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2142", "o:title": "GP 95 Garda kyrka 7" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2195", "o:title": "GP 149 Halla Broa IX" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2216", "o:title": "GP 170 Halla kyrka 5" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2616", "o:title": "GP 572 Eksta kyrka" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2616", "o:title": "GP 572 Eksta kyrka" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/5094", "o:title": "3D model for GP0563" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/414", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 414, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2607", "o:id": 2607 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.44913938059238, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.363802295769347, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2616", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2616, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 572 Eksta kyrka", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/3a502e3c7ca47983abd611b27e2c0753b47b7754.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/3a502e3c7ca47983abd611b27e2c0753b47b7754.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/3a502e3c7ca47983abd611b27e2c0753b47b7754.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:22+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-10-24T11:01:29+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4450", "o:id": 4450 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4450", "o:id": 4450 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 572 Eksta kyrka" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0572" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Eksta church" } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Eksta" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Eksta kyrka" } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Eksta" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The stone is in situ, re-used as threshold." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" }, { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "In-Loco" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Eksta kyrka" } ], "ai2:presentLocationNote": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 294, "property_label": "Context Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "I V långhusportalen Eksta kyrka. Återanvänt som tröskel." } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment was identified by Beata Böttger-Niedenzu in 1983. Böttger-Niedenzu, who submitted her master’s thesis on Gotland’s picture stones to the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich in 1982, went through all Gotlandic rural churches during the years 1981–1985 and discovered no fewer than 38 previously unknown picture stones, which she published in a brief catalogue in 1988. \n\nThe stone from Eksta which, strangely enough, is not registered in Jan Peder Lamm’s list, was re-used as threshold stone of the old Romanesque portal in the southern wall of the nave, the wall base and the jambs resting on the stone’s surface. The portal is located leftmost in the wall, next to the tower, while a new Gothic portal is placed in its middle. The portal was walled up during the middle of the 19th century and uncovered in 1947 (ATA dnr 3920-1947). The walls of the nave represent the oldest preserved parts of the building, dating to around 1200. The tower was erected in the 13th century. An old Romanesque apsidal choir was pulled down around 1300 and replaced by an extension of the nave. However, large parts of the church were rebuilt during the 19th century. " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The visible part of the slab, which forms the doorstep in front of the portal, measures ca. 2.45 m in length and 0.84 m in width. The limestone is light grey with many fossils. It seems to represent approximately the right-hand third of a mushroom-shaped picture stone whose head part is still discernable. The stone is placed with its fragmented head lying in the east and its bottom part in the west. The very bottom and the entire head part are placed underneath the jambs of the portal and the wall base of the nave, while the middle left (i.e., northern) part of the picture stone is lying behind the wooden door which cannot be opened. Therefore, the stone’s total size and exact shape cannot be determined. Böttger-Niedenzu (1988, p. 5) considers it possible that the slab represents a complete picture stone. However, at least the south-facing side was straightened and the edge area reworked in order to get an even step. As a result, only a relatively small part of the surface, i.e., the actual tread of the step, can be examined at all. It is very much worn by footsteps, and a crack runs through the entire width, dividing the stone into a western and an eastern half. Parts of the original (quite rough) surface bearing the bas-relief are only preserved in the most western and eastern areas of the tread, right next to the base of the jambs. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "245" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "84" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "customvocab:10", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "In the left (western) edge area of the tread, next to the base of the jamb, clear remains of chiseled background fields are discernable. A row of two or three triangles can be confirmed, pointing to the east, i.e., to the stone’s top. As Böttger-Niedenzu (1988, p. 5) noted, this pattern is likely to represent the stylized waves of a lost depiction of a ship (as they are depicted on GP 280 När Smiss I [D] and GP 170 Halla kyrka 5 [C/D]). However, in the north-eastern corner (i.e., the stone’s neck area), a short part of a narrow east-west oriented strap is visible, probably indicating the mast or the frame of the lost ship’s sail. A similar position of the ship, including the triangular waves, can be seen on GP 212 Klinte Klintebys [C] and GP 563 Väte kyrka 2 [C]. The position of the ship in the middle part of the stone, with the sail reaching the picture stone’s neck, is also a special feature of GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I as well as the monuments of the Tjängvide group. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2326", "value_resource_id": 2326, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2326", "display_title": "GP 280 När Smiss I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/2a1dc7da59386303aa351e00c9aa65be30cacc36.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0280.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2216", "value_resource_id": 2216, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2216", "display_title": "GP 170 Halla kyrka 5", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f751f5783f8dc1a45b773019f59db2f6e2027116.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0170.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "value_resource_id": 2258, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2258", "display_title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2607", "value_resource_id": 2607, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2607", "display_title": "GP 563 Väte kyrka 2", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c4c06c2a39c57d7799239e1d1fed91d30fc4df58.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0563.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "The visible size and shape of the stone, which seems to preserve the edge of its typical mushroom head, as well as the bas-relief technique and the triangular elements (waves) indicate a type C picture stone (see VI). Therefore, it can be roughly dated to the 8th century or between ca. AD 800 and 1000. If there had been a depiction of a ship in the middle of the stone’s surface, as suggested above (VI), and as GP 212 Klinte Klintebys [C] provides the best parallel, including the triangular waves, the Eksta monument could be considered to belong to Lindqvist’s ʻKlinte-Gruppeʼ. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "value_resource_id": 2258, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2258", "display_title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Böttger-Niedenzu 1988, p. 5. " } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/5103", "value_resource_id": 5103, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/5103", "display_title": "3D model for GP0572", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0572_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:dateOfDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 302, "property_label": "Year of Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "1983" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nStenen påträffades 1983 i Eksta kyrka, där den blivit återanvänd som tröskel. \n\nNuvarande förvaringsplats \nStenen är fortfarande inmurad i kyrkan, som tröskel i den romanska portalen i södra väggen av långhuset. \n\nBeskrivning \nOmkring en tredjedel, dvs. högerkanten, av stenen är synlig, men kolonnerna och väggen med kyrkdörren döljer stora delar av hällen. Det är möjligt att stenen är nästan fullständig men det är svårt att avgöra då stora delar av den är dolda. Den synliga delen har en storlek av 2.45 x 0.84 m. Det handlar om en svampformad bildsten vars huvud fortfarande är skönjbart medan långsidan har blivit omhuggen till en rak kant. \n\nNågra trehörniga element i basrelief är bevarade i nedre delen av bildstenen. Trianglarna föreställer antagligen vågor till en (inte bevarad) skeppsframställning. Sådana trehörniga vågor finns också på t.e.x. GP 280 När Smiss I, GP 170 Halla kyrka 5, GP 212 Klinte Klintebys och GP 563 Väte kyrka 2. På övre delen av bildstenen finns det bara några linjer kvar som kanske utgör rester av ett segel. \n\nDatering \n700-talet eller mellan omkring år 800 och 900-talet e.Kr. (vikingatid). \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nSO" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2326", "value_resource_id": 2326, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2326", "display_title": "GP 280 När Smiss I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/2a1dc7da59386303aa351e00c9aa65be30cacc36.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0280.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2216", "value_resource_id": 2216, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2216", "display_title": "GP 170 Halla kyrka 5", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f751f5783f8dc1a45b773019f59db2f6e2027116.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0170.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "value_resource_id": 2258, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2258", "display_title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2607", "value_resource_id": 2607, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2607", "display_title": "GP 563 Väte kyrka 2", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c4c06c2a39c57d7799239e1d1fed91d30fc4df58.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0563.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "triangle" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6353838" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "693228" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6353838" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "693228" } ], "ai2:lastInspected": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 315, "property_label": "Last Inspected", "is_public": true, "@value": "09.08.2022 (Cecilia Ljung)" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2142", "o:title": "GP 95 Garda kyrka 7" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2195", "o:title": "GP 149 Halla Broa IX" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/5103", "o:title": "3D model for GP0572" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/422", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 422, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2616", "o:id": 2616 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.286578752065616, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.206194638032002, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2111", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2111, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 64 Buttle kyrka", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/cbbef45acda3f3814af1e274970f6f143e86d197.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/cbbef45acda3f3814af1e274970f6f143e86d197.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cbbef45acda3f3814af1e274970f6f143e86d197.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:09+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-10-24T10:47:53+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4004", "o:id": 4004 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4004", "o:id": 4004 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/2917", "o:id": 2917 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/2918", "o:id": 2918 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 64 Buttle kyrka" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0064" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/11b6acee-b052-4dd4-826b-690d700989f5", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "In the choir of Buttle church. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Buttle" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Buttle kyrka" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "I kyrkans korgolv omedelbart framför altaret." } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Buttle" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "In the church, incorporated into the floor immediately in front of the altar." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" }, { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "In-Loco" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Buttle kyrka" } ], "ai2:presentLocationNote": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 294, "property_label": "Context Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "I kyrkan framför altaret." } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment was found by Beata Böttger-Niedenzu in 1981. In 1982, Böttger-Niedenzu submitted her master’s thesis on Gotland’s picture stones to the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, and during the years 1981 to 1985, she visited the Gotlandic rural churches, discovering not fewer than 38 previously unknown picture stones, which she published in a brief catalogue in 1988. This stone is embedded into the floor of the choir, right in front of the altar. The short sides of the rectangular slab are directed to the north and south, its long sides to the east and west, with the eastern side directly neighbouring the altar stone. \n\nButtle church was erected as a Romanesque building with nave and apsidal choir in the second half of the 12th century, while the tower was finished in the early 13th century. In the middle of the 14th century, the old choir was pulled down and replaced by the present rectangular choir. \n\nSO" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The picture stone has been trimmed to rectangular shape, 1.53 m in length and 0.67 m in width. The limestone is grey, with some dark and blackish parts and red spots. The surface is a bit uneven but the bas-relief carvings are hardly worn and well discernable, which is surprising considering its exposed positioning. As a part of the monument’s root (in the south), border decoration at both long sides, an entire ship depiction, and at least one upper image panel (in the north) are preserved, the fragment has to be regarded as an almost complete picture stone. Only the edges and the head are missing. \n\nSO" } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "153" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "67" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "On both long sides of the rectangular fragment, parts of the border decoration are preserved, forming a typical interlace pattern. The lowermost section of the fragment, which is placed in the south, represents a part of the undecorated root of the picture stone and is divided from the carved area by a simple line. Just above this line, an irregular zigzag band stands out against a well carved lower background, apparently representing waves of the sea. Above the waves, dominating most of the surface, a complete ship depiction is preserved. Eight crewmen are traceable with some difficulty, possibly wearing beards, shields and headgear. Each man holds a sheet which runs towards the sail, forming a confusing net of rigging. Another two ropes appear to lead from the stern to the sail. An almost vertical band just to the left of the ship, which runs downwards until it reaches the waves, could be regarded as a rudder, depicted in a similarly unusual manner as on GP 170 Halla kyrka 5. Behind the stem, on board of the ship, two vertical spears could be visible, which would be unusual as well, as those weapons are normally placed behind the stern, for instance on GP 253 Lärbro St. Hammars I, GP 397 Stenkyrka Smiss I, GP 184 Hejnum Riddare, GP 536 Vallstena kyrka, GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII, and GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I. The rectangular sail is framed and its rhombic decoration is formed by simply carved lines. \n\nThe upper framing of the sail also represents the bottom frame of the image panel above the ship. A small weathervane on the ship’s masthead rises up into the image panel above. Furthermore, there is a kind of vertical extension leading from the vane to the upper frame of the panel, dividing it into two halves. This panel, which is completely preserved, depicts two confronting groups of bearded men with raised swords. It is difficult to trace them in all details. However, there appear to be three or four swordsmen to the right (east) and four or five warriors to the left (west) of the weathervane. According to an entry in the inventory book of RAÄ dating to 1982 (Tillägg: Dnr 1860/82 82-08-04), there is a depiction of men hanging in a tree somewhere located above the ship. This suggestion traces back to Eric Nylén (according to a letter addressed to Jan Peder Lamm dating to the 26th of April 1982, kept in ATA, RAGU 55/82). However, it is by no means verifiable and appears to be based on inappropriate inspection methods. \n\nAbove the fighting scene, approximately the lower half of a third image panel is preserved. According to Böttger-Niedenzu, the only discernable depictions are a zigzag band in the left and some vertical elements in the right half of the panel. However, on the basis of RTI technology, Oehrl (2019a, p. 90, pls. 58b–c) was able to identify a strange-looking toothed object, almost crown-like, in the right half of the panel, just above the group of swordsmen. The same enigmatic object appears to occur on GP 244 Lokrume kyrka, hovering above the head of a male figure (i.e., the rightmost figure on the image panel above the ship). An almost identical shape is depicted on GP 341 Sanda kyrka I, behind a group of three men with different tools or weapons in their hands, forming a kind of procession. A disc-shaped object is placed right above the ʻcrownʼ. Last but not least, such a crown-like object can be seen on the Late Viking Age rune stone from Hargs skog in Uppland (U 595), where it is also placed under a disc-shaped object, which is held by two human figures. The crown-shaped object has been interpreted as a depiction of fire, its prongs representing flames (Jungner 1930, pp. 67–69; Lindqvist 1941/42 II p. 109; Jansson/Wessén 1940–1958 vol. 2, p. 497; Plassmann 1959, p. 244; Arrhenius 1961, pp. 152–153; Lindqvist 1964, p. 76). \n\nSO" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2216", "value_resource_id": 2216, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2216", "display_title": "GP 170 Halla kyrka 5", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f751f5783f8dc1a45b773019f59db2f6e2027116.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0170.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2299", "value_resource_id": 2299, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2299", "display_title": "GP 253 Lärbro Stora Hammars I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d633dfb0db357f71c420b161a1e48e1024726ee9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0253", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2442", "value_resource_id": 2442, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2442", "display_title": "GP0397", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/798a73062f0eba6b00029bc4865ce36e1df5e242.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0397.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2230", "value_resource_id": 2230, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2230", "display_title": "GP 184 Hejnum Riddare", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/34a2b9d36525176944078b6aa9a6e590ac4b20dd.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0184.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2580", "value_resource_id": 2580, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2580", "display_title": "GP 536 Vallstena kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/3b886bdd02e01cab4464f4a464d2e2c701e8ac26.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0536A.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2290", "value_resource_id": 2290, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2290", "display_title": "GP 244 Lokrume kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/8bfebd3965015e2868ab4f17511bb2f16da86821.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0244.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2386", "value_resource_id": 2386, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2386", "display_title": "GP 341 Sanda kyrka I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b0a22f8bf7599dea66636e834db9b3016d8d9552.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0341.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment certainly represents a Type C/D stone, dating to between the 8th century and the 10th century. The arrangement of a group of sword bearing warriors just above the sail might be comparable to GP 184 Hejnum Riddare, which belongs to Lindqvist’s so-called Lärbro group. The strange form and positioning of the rudder is reminiscent of GP 170 Halla kyrka 5, and a comparable weather vane rising up into the upper panel is depicted on GP 397 Stenkyrka Smiss I. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2230", "value_resource_id": 2230, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2230", "display_title": "GP 184 Hejnum Riddare", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/34a2b9d36525176944078b6aa9a6e590ac4b20dd.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0184.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2216", "value_resource_id": 2216, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2216", "display_title": "GP 170 Halla kyrka 5", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f751f5783f8dc1a45b773019f59db2f6e2027116.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0170.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2442", "value_resource_id": 2442, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2442", "display_title": "GP0397", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/798a73062f0eba6b00029bc4865ce36e1df5e242.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0397.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "Unknown" } ], "ai2:runicInscription": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 286, "property_label": "Runic Inscription", "is_public": true, "@value": "Even though it is very unlikely, three vertical lines on the right half of the ship’s hull could be regarded as staves of a badly preserved and almost completely vanished runic inscription. There are no twigs discernable and the placement would be rather unusual for an inscription. However, on GP 111 Gothem kyrka 4 the runic inscription (G 157) is placed on the ship as well, directly on its sail. The ʻstavesʼ are not mentioned by Böttger-Niedenzu but were detected by Oehrl on the basis of RTI analysis in 2015. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 286, "property_label": "Runic Inscription", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2158", "value_resource_id": 2158, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2158", "display_title": "GP0111", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4b7ec6b89a9c25ebf69b3765d21cd47ae99bfa2e.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0111.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Böttger-Niedenzu 1988, pp. 3–4, drawing 1; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 40, 90, 287, pls. 58a–c. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1977:5943" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Buttle 246:1" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4597", "value_resource_id": 4597, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4597", "display_title": "3D model for GP0064", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0064_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "399" } ], "ai2:dateOfDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 302, "property_label": "Year of Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "1981" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1981, liggande i golvet framför altaret i Buttle kyrka. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nBildstenen ligger på samma plats som 1981. \n\nBeskrivning \nStörre delen av en svampformad bildsten (typ C-D), 153 x 67 cm. På stenen vågor i zigzag-mönster, ett skepp med segel och vindflöjel. På skeppet åtta sköldbärande män som håller i riggen. Över skeppet en stridscen med två grupper av krigare med höjda svärd. Över stridscenen en kronliknande bild som kan representera en eld med flammor. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men tillhör perioden 700-900-talen (vikingatiden). \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "interlace" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "beard" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "shield" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "headgear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "spear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sword" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "warrior" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "tree" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "crown" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "fire" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "weathervane" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6367721" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "712071" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6367721" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "712071" } ], "ai2:lastInspected": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 315, "property_label": "Last Inspected", "is_public": true, "@value": "13.08.2022 (Cecilia Ljung)" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4597", "o:title": "3D model for GP0064" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/85", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 85, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2111", "o:id": 2111 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.40270149829448, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.530147611126722, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2054", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2054, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 7 Alskog Tjängvide III", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/fd22bc56eb7f0db76b375bdd7b6074095d8a363d.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/fd22bc56eb7f0db76b375bdd7b6074095d8a363d.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/fd22bc56eb7f0db76b375bdd7b6074095d8a363d.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:07+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-15T10:14:02+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/2792", "o:id": 2792 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/2792", "o:id": 2792 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 7 Alskog Tjängvide III" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0007" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/cb884bf0-6941-497c-a2ef-5dc6cd5d12e0", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "A medieval house foundation next to the farmstead of ʻTjängvide gårdʼ in Alskog parish." } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Medieval Construction" }, { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Private Property" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Alskog" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Alskog Tjängvide" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hittades tillsammans med GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I och GP 6 Alskog Tjängvide II " } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Unknown" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lost" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The three stones from Tjängvide gård were first presented and their find circumstances described by Carl Säve in the journal Runa in 1845 (in part identical in Annaler for nordisk oldkyndighed 1852, reproduced in 1993). Per Arvid Säve, who made the drawings of the stones, described them in his Berättelser 1863, p. 210 (cf. Gotlands Allehanda 1942-01-29, and Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 15). GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I was found in 1844 or shortly before by farmer Johan Tjängvide and his brother Jakob close to the farmstead, while building a potato cellar. During the excavation work they came upon the foundation walls of a medieval house, and when they broke through this foundation, they discovered that GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I was incorporated into the masonry. After the stone was removed, the brothers discovered images and runic characters on it. In 1844, shortly after its discovery, GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I was inspected by Carl Säve. On this occasion, the farmers told him that there was a further carved stone incorporated into the underground masonry (GP 6 Alskog Tjängvide II). In 1845, Carl’s brother Per Arvid Säve went to the farm in order to excavate the second slab and to make drawings of both stones. The third picture stone fragment (GP 7 Alskog Tjängvide III) was then found by Per Arvid in another stone foundation nearby and a drawing was made. GP 5 Alskog TjängvideE I, which had been excavated and removed from the masonry in 1844, was kept at the farmstead, protected by a wooden roof, and in 1869 transferred to Statens Historiska Museum in Stockholm. The two other stones, however, remained on site. GP 7 Alskog Tjängvide III was not removed but left in the masonry due to its large size. The whereabouts of both stones (II and III) are unknown – Per Arvid’s sketch-like drawings (reproduced in Lindqvist 1941/42 II, fig. 306–308), measurements, and short remarks are the only documentation available." }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2053", "value_resource_id": 2053, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2053", "display_title": "GP 6 Alskog Tjängvide II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/fea337109c2e42139c2c8800bca4d401d6ac15ff.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GF_fasta_fornlämningar_i_Ardre_Sn_Gotland.pdf", "thumbnail_type": "application/pdf" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "Based on Säve’s drawing, the fragment can be described as essentially square, with sides about 111 cm (3′ 9″) long, but at the left side, two long, narrow, almost horn-like corners are jutting out vertically, opposite from each other, with a distance between the points of about 208 cm (7′). Cf. the description in Säve 1852, p. 195 (quoted by Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 17). These corners appear to have been created intentionally by trimming. " } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "?" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "According to the drawing by Per Arvid, there were traces of the depiction of a ship preserved on the fragment – the keel and the towering stem to the right, part of a large checkered sail, and, at the very bottom of the fragment, just below the vessel, a zigzag line representing a row of pointed waves (cf. Säve 1852, p. 195; Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 17). " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Obviously, the stone was a fragment from the lower part of a tall, late type picture stone, ʻAbschnittʼ C/D (less probably E) according to Lindqvist’s chronology, dated to the 8th to 10th centuries (or to the 11th century if it is an E-stone, for which there are no indications whatsoever). Lindqvist assigns it to ʻAbschnittʼ C (1941/42 II, p. 44), which he dates to ca. 700 AD. " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Säve 1845, p. 91; 1852, p. 195; 1993, pp. 58–59; Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 15, 17, fig. 307. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1977:1126" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Alskog 46:1" } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Alskog, Tjängvide III" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4541", "value_resource_id": 4541, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4541", "display_title": "3D model for GP0007" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "6" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nStenen påträffades 1845 i fundamenten till ett hus vid gården Tjängvide. Uppmätt av Per Arvid Säve 1845. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nOkänd \n\nBeskrivning \nEtt mer eller mindre kvadratiskt fragment av en svampformig bildsten (typ C-D), med sidor som var 111 cm. Rester av ett skepp (delar av köl, stäv och segel) och vågor i form av zigzag-mönster. \n\nDatering \nFragmentet motsvarade de lägre delarna av en stor och bildrik bildsten från 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6361599" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "719759" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2053", "o:title": "GP 6 Alskog Tjängvide II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2051", "o:title": "GP 4 Alskog Ollajvs" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2272", "o:title": "GP 226 Källunge kyrka 8" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4541", "o:title": "3D model for GP0007" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/32", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 32, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2054", "o:id": 2054 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.34417266637504, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.65236522118971, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2124", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2124, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 77 Eskelhem Larsarve I", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/1d5e2e006d595a79bd4fae7e116a544c8efbfab0.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/1d5e2e006d595a79bd4fae7e116a544c8efbfab0.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1d5e2e006d595a79bd4fae7e116a544c8efbfab0.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:09+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-08-26T08:16:36+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4012", "o:id": 4012 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4012", "o:id": 4012 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4013", "o:id": 4013 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/2950", "o:id": 2950 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 77 Eskelhem Larsarve I" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0077" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "A meadow (probably a small burial ground) near Larsarve in Eskelhem parish. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Agricultural Field" }, { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Eskelhem" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Eskelhem Larsarve" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Återfunnen tillsammans med GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II vid uppodling av \"Sprängänget\" nedanför Larsarve" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Fornsalen" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Bildstenshallen" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Both stones, Eskelhem Larsarve I and GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II, are mentioned by Per Arvid Säve in his Berättelser (1863, p. 192; 1864, p. 311). They […] “obviously were hewn at the same time and probably were intended to form a single monument” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 42). They were found “[…] about 1863 by Mr Joh. Carlsson, Ekeby, while cultivating land in ‘Sprängänget’ below Larsarve, at a distance of several ells from each other. No. II was lying just below the turf between ashes, burnt bones, and field stone roundels, at a small mound” (ibid.). Lindqvist considers those stones to have been placed pairwise on graves. About 100–200 m west-southwest of the farmstead, just south of the main road, three circular stone settings can still be observed (RAÄ Eskelhem 26:1 and 27:1–2), which are 8, 9, and 26 m in diameter. Next to the farm buildings, circa 15 m to the east, a (grave?) mound of approximately 1 m height is registered (RAÄ Eskelhem 69:1). Apparently, there was a small burial ground from which the two Larsave stones originate. Today, the two stones are on exhibition in Gotlands Fornsal, arranged as a facing pair, as if marking a grave. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2125", "value_resource_id": 2125, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2125", "display_title": "GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c7e58da9957feb9e6b5699c48a27eae93f85501f.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0078.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist describes both slabs as follows: “Similar limestone slabs with smooth structure over the root, which then is slightly rougher, 4.5 cm and 5 cm thick, respectively. On both stones, the broad sides have been dressed upwards of the root but not levelled; apparently, no chamfers were fashioned between them. Height 1 m and 82 cm, 72 and 52 cm of which are above the root, respectively. Width at the corners 53 and 47 cm, at the bases about 34 and 31 cm, respectively”. Eskelhem Larsarve I was broken into four pieces when it was delivered to Gotlands Museum – two fragments of the slabʼs upper half, the lower part including the massive square root, and a small piece of the right-hand edge. Two small sections, one at the lower right-hand edge and one almost in the middle of the stone, were missing. The pieces have been put together and missing parts reconstructed. GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II was discovered undamaged and completely preserved, including the rough and shapeless root part. The smooth surface of both stones and their fine carvings are well-preserved. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2125", "value_resource_id": 2125, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2125", "display_title": "GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c7e58da9957feb9e6b5699c48a27eae93f85501f.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0078.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "100" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "53" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "5" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "The carvings have been traced with paint. However, photos of the yet unpainted stones (482:13b, 1648:55–56, B3:61) as well as drawings by Olof Sörling from 1910/11 are kept in ATAʼs “Run- och bildstenssamling” and have been published in Lindqvistʼs book (see X). The well-preserved depictions on both slabs are described by Lindqvist as followings: “The decoration mainly was executed in very fine (chisel?) lines, but all around and within the figure-of-eight-shaped band figures in the borders of stone No. I, the background fields have been carved as if by chip carving – just as the field between the quadruped’s front legs of stone No. II. On each stone, one face features a border and a rectangular grid above the lowermost part of the field; above, there is on No. I a watercraft with rounded stems, the elevated ends of which terminate in animal heads, a small, tabular sail on a high mast that appears to be rigged with both forestay and backstay attached to the stem-heads, as well as the torsos of three crewmen jutting out over the railing; the steering oar is attached to the port side. Instead of this image of a ship, the corresponding face of No. II features two four-legged animals, heraldically juxtaposed and shown in profile. The other broad side of No. I was given the same border as the face described above, while the reverse of No. II was left entirely smooth” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 42). Due to their characteristic body shape and the form of their heads, the two identical antithetic quadrupeds can be interpreted as horses, even though no tails are depicted (cf. ibid. I, p. 89; while Guber [2011, pp. 53–59] for some reason separates them from the horses and just calls them “Vierbeiner”). " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The depiction of two facing horses on GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II can be associated with similar images on several Type A picture stones, which on the basis of the Migration Period picture stone from Häggeby in Uppland and medieval literary sources are commonly interpreted as depictions of ritual horse fights – GP 198 Hellvi Ire 7, GP 99 Garda kyrka 3, GP 554 Väskinde kyrka 5, GP 132 Hablingbo Havor I, and probably also the Type B stone GP 578 Alva Änge. The topic of horse fights (called hestavíg in Old Norse literature) and horse sacrifice in the iconography of the (early) Gotland picture stones has often been discussed, see in particular GP 198 Hellvi Ire 7 and the following literature: Gjessing 1943, pp. 29–30; Lindqvst 1955, pp. 41–43; Ellmers 1970, pp. 243–245; Lamm/Nylén 2003, p. 26; Althaus 1993, pp. 87–89, 192–193; Lamm 1999; Beck 2003, pp. 96–97; Guber 2011, pp. 55–56; Pesch 2015a, p. 357; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 62–63. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2125", "value_resource_id": 2125, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2125", "display_title": "GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c7e58da9957feb9e6b5699c48a27eae93f85501f.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0078.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2244", "value_resource_id": 2244, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2244", "display_title": "GP 198 Hellvi Ire 7" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2146", "value_resource_id": 2146, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2146", "display_title": "GP 99 Garda kyrka 3", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/73513d4574193875b1bb8c7af1eca22b30f32e41.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0099.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2598", "value_resource_id": 2598, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2598", "display_title": "GP0554", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c8dddf303f0e7592b7a4ce274307145933b0f467.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0554.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2178", "value_resource_id": 2178, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2178", "display_title": "GP 132 Hablingbo Havor I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4c1a0d3d1a6d42f9571d0dcca85841b3fc3ccc46.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0132.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2621", "value_resource_id": 2621, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2621", "display_title": "GP 578 Alva änge", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7f75e4fcad20bca6570d71906b0824868ef7351b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0578.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Middle type “dwarf stone”, i.e., Type B according to Lindqvist, dating to between AD 500 and 700. The Larsarve stones belong to those few Type B stones which feature a semicircular head with pronounced corners slanting diagonally down towards the main body (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 38–40). The second main characteristic of the Larsarve stones is the shape of their body, narrowing towards the bottom. Lindqvist separates the two stones from the rest of Type B and treats them as a further sub-group, called Larsarvesteine (ibid. 38, tab. II). According to Lindqvist, the Larsarvesteine represent the result of a further development within the Stenstugruppe (ibid. 40), where similar head and body forms already occurred. Even the iconography and style (crew aboard the sailing ship, shape of the horses) may indicate a late date within “Abschnitt” B, at the transition to “Abschnitt” C/D (cf. ibid. 117). Varenius (1992, p. 63, appendix 2) assigns the ship depiction on Eskelhem Larsarve I (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 64–66: Segelfahrzeuge vom Rikvidetypus) to his group 2 (enkel rigg), which he dates to the period between the 7th and the 9th centuries. Rundkvist (2012, p. 159), however, based on his typological analysis, dates the Larsarve monument to the Middle Vendel Period (Type dwarf3). " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "B (ca. 500-700)" }, { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941, pp. 16, 19, fig. 1; 1941/42 I, pp. 40, 64-66, 89, 117, 120, figs. 71–76, 227; II, p. 40, fig. 342; Gjessing 1943, 69–70, 105, fig. 5.3b; Varenius 1992, p. 63, fig. 28; Lamm/Nylén 2003, 43; Guber 2011, pp. 59, 115–116, cat. nos. 12–13; Rundkvist 2012, pp. 157, 159; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 11, 63, 145, 149, pl. 2g, 28d. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Eskelhem, Larsarve I" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFA2140" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4610", "value_resource_id": 4610, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4610", "display_title": "3D model for GP0077", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0077_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "54a" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nPåträffades omkring 1863 tillsammans med GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II vid uppodling av Sprängänget nära gården Larsarve. Vid fyndplatsen rester av ett mindre gravfält. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museum, Bildstenshallen, placerad tillsammans med GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve I, så att de bildar en markering av en grav. \n\nBeskrivning \nTvå fragment av en dvärgsten (period B). Bevarad höjd 82 cm och som bredast 47 cm. Kantdekor bevarad, liksom bild av skepp, med mast segel och tre besättningsmän. \n\nDatering \nDateringen oklar, men den tillhör perioden 500-600-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2125", "value_resource_id": 2125, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2125", "display_title": "GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c7e58da9957feb9e6b5699c48a27eae93f85501f.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0078.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "oar" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "animal" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "head" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6393355" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "696536" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2125", "o:title": "GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2125", "o:title": "GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2121", "o:title": "GP 74 Endre skog" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2125", "o:title": "GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2130", "o:title": "GP 83 Fole kyrka" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2203", "o:title": "GP 157 Halla Broa XII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2212", "o:title": "GP 166 Halla Broa XVIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2272", "o:title": "GP 226 Källunge kyrka 8" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2336", "o:title": "GP 290 Unknown Find Spot" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2125", "o:title": "GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4610", "o:title": "3D model for GP0077" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2127", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2127, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 80 Fide Österby", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": null, "medium": null, "square": null }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:09+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-22T08:45:10+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": null, "o:media": [], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 80 Fide Österby" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0080" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/78aabf0d-d5f2-4165-8bbc-fef079fbde29", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Agricultural field belonging to the farm ʻÖsterby gårdʼ in Fide parish. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Agricultural Field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fide" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fide Österby" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Funnen 200 sydöst om bokstaven d i Siffride på geologiska kartbladet Burgsvik" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "In the garden of the farmhouse, leaning against a wall." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Farmstead" }, { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Private Property" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Found about 1920, 200 m southeast of the junction north of the d in Siffride in the geological map sheet Burgsvik, lying in a “vast” ground, about a foot deep, in the soil of an old meadow that is now a field. The stone was lying horizontally; despite a search, only a few field stones were found under it. In 1932, it was stored on the premises of the farmstead immediately to the west of the finding place, but the owner, Mr. Alb. Persson, pledged to re-erect the stone on the preserved remains of the meadow just to the north-east. Registered in 1921 by fil. dr Harald Hansson” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 43). \n\nAccording to the 1978 inventory, the find place is located approximately 100 m south of the farmstead. In 1978 it was still at the farm, leaning against a wall in the garden, where it is situated to the present day. " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Sandstone slab, about 10 cm thick, 120 cm high. The obverse is even, the narrow sides levelled at right angles to the obverse up to a height of 97 cm under the point, the reverse rough. The head is 54 cm wide and 32 cm high, the neck 48 cm wide, the base 67 cm wide” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 43). The mushroom-shaped monument is completely preserved, including the root, which is approximately 20 cm high. The carved surface, however, is much weathered. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "120" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "67" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "10" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Sandstone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Little has remained of the decoration except portions of the lines that define the narrow borders (which apparently included a schematised two-stranded band pattern) as well as parts of a sail with rhombic pattern” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 43–44). " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "The mushroom-shaped picture stone belongs to Lindqvist’s ʻAbschnittʼ C/D or E. Lindqvist labels it as dwarf stone (approximately 1.00 m height above ground). Its head is almost semi-circular with slightly pronounced corners. As no images and no ornaments nor runic characters are left on the surface, the monument can only be roughly dated to the period between the 8th century (or rather around 800) and the 11th century. " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" }, { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "E (ca. 1000-1150)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 43–44, fig. 345. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1977:4585" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fide 43:1" } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fide, Österby" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4613", "value_resource_id": 4613, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4613", "display_title": "3D model for GP0080", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0080_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "56" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades cirka 1920 på en åker cirka 100 m söder om gården Österby \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nBildstenen står idag lutad mot en mur på gården. \n\nBeskrivning \nHelt bevarad svampformig bildsten 120 cm hög och som bredast 67 cm. Endast spår av kantdekorationen bevarad \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men bildstenen tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6331147" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "701397" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4613", "o:title": "3D model for GP0080" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/95", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 95, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2127", "o:id": 2127 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.079559226971185, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.32314821055877, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2130", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2130, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 83 Fole kyrka", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/d09b2e815314b8f91679309a70e47bf23f150cdc.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/d09b2e815314b8f91679309a70e47bf23f150cdc.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d09b2e815314b8f91679309a70e47bf23f150cdc.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:09+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-08-26T08:19:22+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4017", "o:id": 4017 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4017", "o:id": 4017 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 83 Fole kyrka" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0083" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/f047cf72-3294-4590-80e4-71433f91f828", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Incorporated into the churchyard wall (?) of Fole church. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Churchyard" }, { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Unknown" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fole" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fole Tollby" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hittad i kyrkogårdsmuren? Se Lq 1942:44. Enligt senare källa hittad på Tollby i närheten av J P nr 58" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "There is almost no information available about the find circumstances. Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 44) only notes that the fragment was submitted to Gotlands Museum in 1919 by the elementary school teacher William Kupper. Only Lindqvist’s designation of the stone “Fole, Kirchhofsmauer” indicates that it was found incorporated into or perhaps leaning against the wall of the churchyard. Surprisingly, Jan Peder Lamm notes instead that the stone was discovered less than 100 m away from GP 84 Fole St. Tollby (Lamm/Nylén 2003, p. 183). This information appears to be based on a misunderstanding. However, it cannot be verified. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2131", "value_resource_id": 2131, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2131", "display_title": "GP 84 Fole St. Tollby", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b69360d52b6e9e0f0cb63ffab492a992978fd651.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0084.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, up to 7 cm thick. The obverse probably naturally even, later abraded in places by footsteps. The narrow sides hewn at right angles towards the obverse; between them, a narrow chamfer occurs below the stone’s corners. The reverse is rough and unworked. The fragment is preserved to a height of about 61 cm. Width between the corners 61 cm; the width of the neck once was about 42 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 44). The fragment represents the entire head of a small picture stone as well as a small part of the lower image field. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "60" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "61" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "6,5" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist provides pictures of the painted and the unpainted stone, which give a good idea of how the well-preserved carvings and the worn and polished parts look (1941/42 I, figs. 49, 51–52; cf. ATA 1648:37 [H. Faith-Ell 1933]). In addition, an unpublished drawing by Olof Sörling and a photo taken in 1920 by Lindqvist are kept in ATA (Run- och bildstenssamling). Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 44) describes the carvings as follows: “The band patterns are brought out by the chiselling-down of the background fields in a Kerbschnitt-like technique. Also, the background field surrounding the ship has been carved down in places and has an uneven surface. The double-framed border encloses a debased three-strand interlace pattern. In the field below the neck, there is an interlace pattern, above it, a ship with steep and towering stems that bend outwards almost at right angles, as well as a sail decorated with an interlace pattern on a clearly depicted yardarm.” Whether the interlace pattern forming the ship’s sail could indicate a certain manufacturing technique of Late Iron Age sails (weaving) has been discussed (e.g. Varenius 1992, p. 63). " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "There are more Type B picture stones on which interlace patterns occur not only as border decoration but as a central motif of the image field – GP 249 Lärbro Norder-Ire I, GP 193 Hellvi Ire III and GP 74 Endre skog. In those cases, the interlace could bear a symbolic meaning, and an apotropaic intention should be taken into consideration. The conception of knot, net and interlace patterns as being magical protective devices against all kinds of harm – fettering, capturing and caging the evil in their impenetrable web – is widespread and well documented in Antiquity and the Middle Ages, and has also been discussed regarding Late Iron Age Scandinavia (e.g. Scheftelowitz 1912; Weigert 1938; Wessel 1971; Zischka 1977; Kitzinger 1993; Graf 2010, 29–35; Wamers 2008, 52–54; Oehrl 2011a, pp. 265–288; Oehrl 2019a, p. 123). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2295", "value_resource_id": 2295, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2295", "display_title": "GP 249 Lärbro Norder-Ire I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/5d1306a11ddd49fc185a7d73c16d48f39158528c.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0249.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2239", "value_resource_id": 2239, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2239", "display_title": "GP 193 Hellvi Ire III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e57cf8c7b3bbf101018d9f41c6bd0b096c3af4f4.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0193.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2121", "value_resource_id": 2121, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2121", "display_title": "GP 74 Endre skog", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/385997197feacf40f30834dbce85a832140ead51.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0074.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Middle type picture stone, i.e., Type B according to Lindqvist’s typology, dating to between AD 500 and 700. The stone belongs to those Type B stones described by Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 38–39) as ʻdwarf stonesʼ with convex head and strongly pronounced corners protruding horizontally. He assigns it to the Sandegårdagruppe, named after GP 340 Sanda Sandegårda I, which is characterized by the shape described above and rich decoration. In Rundkvist’s typology (2012, p. 160), the stone belongs to group dwarf 2, dating to the Early Vendel Period. According to Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 65), the unusual sailing ship depicted on the Fole stone represents the Larsarvetypus, named after the ship depiction on GP 77 Eskelhem Larsarve I. Varenius (1992, appendix 2) assigns it to his group 2 (enkel rigg), which he dates to the period between the 7th and the 9th century. Lindqvist compares the interlace pattern of Fole kyrka and other middle-type picture stones with the decoration of Vendel Period brooches to support his dating of ʻAbschnittʼ B (ibid. p. 116). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2385", "value_resource_id": 2385, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2385", "display_title": "GP 340 Sanda Sandegårda I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/5fbacd99c3919284cf35f545a981332bbed772f9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0340.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2124", "value_resource_id": 2124, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2124", "display_title": "GP 77 Eskelhem Larsarve I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1d5e2e006d595a79bd4fae7e116a544c8efbfab0.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0077.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "B (ca. 500-700)" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvistNote": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 304, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type Note", "is_public": true, "@value": "Bildsten" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 36–37, 65, 116, fig. 42; II, p. 44; Varenius 1992, p. 63, fig. 23; Guber 2011, p. 117 cat. no. 15. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1977:5325" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fole 118:1" } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fole, Kirchhofsmauer" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC4366" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4616", "value_resource_id": 4616, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4616", "display_title": "3D model for GP0083", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0083_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "57" } ], "ai2:limestoneType": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 325, "property_label": "Limestone Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "fine limestone without reef debris" } ], "ai2:geologicalGroup": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 326, "property_label": "Geological Group", "is_public": true, "@value": "Slite Group (100%)" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades troligen i kyrkogårdsmuren vid Fole kyrka, och lämnades till Gotlands museum 1919. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museum, Visby, magasinet på Visborgsslätt \n\nBeskrivning \nFragment av en liten sten (period B), med bevarad höjd 61 cm och bredd som mest 61 cm. Det övre bildfältet bevarat med ett flätmönster och ett skepp med ett segel. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, tillhör perioden 600-700-talen. \n\nTolkning \nFlätmönstret kan kanske tolkas som en ontavvärjande symbol. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6395325" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "711493" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2121", "o:title": "GP 74 Endre skog" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2284", "o:title": "GP 238 Lokrume Lauks" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2380", "o:title": "GP 335 Rute Ala" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4616", "o:title": "3D model for GP0083" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/98", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 98, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2130", "o:id": 2130 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.65045838230478, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.54450686643304, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2137", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2137, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 90 Fröjel kyrka", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/ed9c5be9e4a9ae3330c1100cdc6dde2ee2a6a805.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/ed9c5be9e4a9ae3330c1100cdc6dde2ee2a6a805.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ed9c5be9e4a9ae3330c1100cdc6dde2ee2a6a805.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:09+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-10-24T11:08:45+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4020", "o:id": 4020 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4020", "o:id": 4020 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4064", "o:id": 4064 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4065", "o:id": 4065 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 90 Fröjel kyrka" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0090" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/d5dc7e18-f873-4d28-ae3b-5ed3dff79c19", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fröjel church" } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fröjel" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fröjel kyrka" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Återfunnen i korgolvet bakom altaret" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "In the church, immediately behind the altar, incorporated into the floor." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" }, { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "In-Loco" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fröjel kyrka" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The stone was discovered by Beata Böttger-Niedenzu in 1983. Böttger-Niedenzu submitted her master’s thesis on Gotland’s picture stones to the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, and during the years 1981 to 1985, she visited the Gotlandic rural churches, discovering not fewer than 38 previously unknown picture stones, which she published in a brief catalogue in 1988. The stone from Fröjel church has been incorporated into the floor of the choir, just behind the altar, between the altar and the eastern wall of the choir. The western long side of the rectangular slab borders the altar, and its eastern long side borders the wall. Around 1300, the present rectangular Gothic-style choir replaced a Romanesque apsidal choir of the 12th century. The present nave dates to the 12th century, while the tower was erected in the beginning of the 13th century. " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The picture stone has been trimmed to roughly rectangular shape, 1.02 m in length and 0.38 m maximum width. The surface of the grey limestone slab appears a bit dirty, partly covered by red rust spots, a large black spot just in the middle, and many scratches originating from different devices which are stored behind the altar (candle holders, a ladder, a chest, et cetera). Even though the surface has been somewhat smoothed by footsteps, the bas-relief is still in remarkably good condition and mostly discernable with the naked eye. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "102" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "38" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment bears the main part of a ship depiction, sailing to the right (i.e., north), its sail bordering the altar in the west. The hull of the vessel is not preserved; however, the stern and the stem, the mast, a small part of the sail and the rigging, as well as eight-armed crewman are discernable. The stern (to the left, i.e., south) is strongly curved and almost hook-shaped, while the stem is less curved and apparently ends in an animal head, which, according to Böttger-Niedenzu’s drawing, resembles a horse. Four crewmen to the left and four crewmen to the right of the mast are discernable. Except for the man next to the stern (the steersman?), all crewmen raise their swords, just as depicted on the fourth panel in the neck area of GP 253 Lärbro St. Hammars I (the ʻHildr panelʼ). Some of these warriors seem to wear headgear (helmets?) and chin beards. The entire lower sail and a small part of the left frame of the sail are preserved. Only a small section of the checkered sail itself is visible. The rhombi are slightly raised but their broad outlines are carved into the stone. The intersections of these outlines are marked with tiny raised rhombi. This elaborate design is the same as on the Type C/D stones GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I, GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII and GP 162 Halla Broa IV. Two ropes appear to be tied to the stern and the stem, running obliquely across the sail, probably towards the (not preserved) upper part of the mast. Two more ropes or sheets are running from both sides of the lower part of the mast to the lower framing of the sail. The left (southern) short side of the slab represents the original edge of the picture stone, preserving the border decoration with an interlace pattern. Overall, the bas-relief on the picture stone is remarkably well preserved. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2299", "value_resource_id": 2299, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2299", "display_title": "GP 253 Lärbro Stora Hammars I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d633dfb0db357f71c420b161a1e48e1024726ee9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0253", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2208", "value_resource_id": 2208, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2208", "display_title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a1bbec5d51ba0e734796179599db95712073b49d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0162.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "The bas-relief, the dimensions of the monument, the ship motif with swordsmen and the interlace pattern certainly indicate a Type C/D picture stone (see VI), dating to between the 8th and the 10th centuries. The best parallel concerning the sword-waving crewman is GP 253 Lärbro St. Hammars I. The interlace pattern would fit into the ʻLärbro groupʼ as well. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2299", "value_resource_id": 2299, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2299", "display_title": "GP 253 Lärbro Stora Hammars I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d633dfb0db357f71c420b161a1e48e1024726ee9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0253", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Böttger-Niedenzu 1988, pp. 7–8, drawing 4. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1977:607" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fröjel 187:1" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4623", "value_resource_id": 4623, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4623", "display_title": "3D model for GP0090", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0090_part1_Depth.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "402" } ], "ai2:dateOfDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 302, "property_label": "Year of Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "1983" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1983, liggande i golvet bakom altaret i Fröjels kyrka. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nBildstenen ligger kvar på samma plats. \n\nBeskrivning \nBildstenen är omhuggen till en rektangel, 102 cm lång och 38 cm bred. Den omhuggna stenen av en stor svampformig bildsten, med delar av en skeppsbild bevarad. På skeppet åtta besättningsmän, varav sju med höjda svärd. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men bildstenen tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sword" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "headgear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "helmet" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "beard" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "interlace" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6359245" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "691999" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6359245" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "691999" } ], "ai2:lastInspected": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 315, "property_label": "Last Inspected", "is_public": true, "@value": "11.08.2022 (Cecilia Ljung)" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2156", "o:title": "GP 109 Gothem kyrka II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2199", "o:title": "GP 153 Halla kyrka 2" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2195", "o:title": "GP 149 Halla Broa IX" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2206", "o:title": "GP 160 Halla Broa II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2208", "o:title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4623", "o:title": "3D model for GP0090" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/104", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 104, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2137", "o:id": 2137 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.33559272602428, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.19003908654952, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2142", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2142, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 95 Garda kyrka 7", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/05739491a7017961eb019e8354111404b858ee7d.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/05739491a7017961eb019e8354111404b858ee7d.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/05739491a7017961eb019e8354111404b858ee7d.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:09+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-10-24T11:10:26+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3013", "o:id": 3013 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3013", "o:id": 3013 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 95 Garda kyrka 7" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0095" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Garda churchyard" } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Churchyard" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Garda" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Garda kyrka" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "I golvet i stigluckan." } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Garda" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "In situ, embedded into the northern lychgate at Garda." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Churchyard" }, { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "In-Loco" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Garda kyrka" } ], "ai2:presentLocationNote": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 294, "property_label": "Context Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "I stigluckans västra nisch" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment inside the lychgate was discovered by Beata Böttger-Niedenzu in 1984. In 1982, Böttger-Niedenzu submitted her master’s thesis on Gotland’s picture stones to the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, and during the years 1981 to 1985, she visited the Gotlandic rural churches, discovering not fewer than 38 previously unknown picture stones, which she published in a brief catalogue in 1988. \n\nThe picture stone fragments GP 97 Garda kyrka I and GP 98 Garda kyrka II, which are incorporated into the tower, first recorded in 1914, were published by Sune Lindqvist in 1941/42; four more picture stone fragments GP 99–102 Garda kyrka 3–6 were discovered under the floor of the nave by Gustav Trotzig during archaeological excavations in 1968 (Trotzig 1970). These fragments had been re-used in the floor of an earlier church building. Garda church is regarded as one of the oldest churches of Gotland (Lagerlöf 1972; Lagerlöf/Svahnström 1991, pp. 142–144; Andrén 2011, pp. 199–201). As early as around AD 1100, there was a wooden church at the same place. This Viking Age church wassplaed by an early Romanesque building by the middle of the 12th century, the nave and the lower part of the tower of which are still preserved. In the middle of the 13th century, the tower was built up to its present height; in the first half of the 14th century, the Romanesque choir and apse were demolished and replaced by the current large Gothic choir. Among the church’s most remarkable features are the Russo-Byzantine wall paintings on the tower arch and in the nave. \n\nThe stone found by Böttger-Niedenzu in 1984 was wrongly labelled by Jan Peder Lamm as “Garda kyrka 4” (Lamm/Nylén 2003, p. 202). As a matter of fact, GP 101 Garda kyrka 4 is one of the four stones discovered by Trotzig in 1968. Therefore, the stone in the lychgate must be labelled as Garda kyrka 7 instead. The rectangular stone was incorporated into the niche in the inner wall of the northern lychgate, representing the bottom slab of the niche. The churchyard’s southern, eastern and northern lychgates originate from the period 1350–1375. The western lychgate was built between 1200 and 1250. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2144", "value_resource_id": 2144, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2144", "display_title": "GP 97 Garda kyrka I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c1a60928235e48c02bbb160ff83e472483ddc82d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GF_inventeringsbok_1978.pdf", "thumbnail_type": "application/pdf" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2145", "value_resource_id": 2145, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2145", "display_title": "GP 98 Garda kyrka II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e13715dd8b6e066fe9667f0ebd68303d13d6cc48.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GF_kyrkoinventarier_Garde_del2_2003-2004_no168.pdf", "thumbnail_type": "application/pdf" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2146", "value_resource_id": 2146, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2146", "display_title": "GP 99 Garda kyrka 3", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/73513d4574193875b1bb8c7af1eca22b30f32e41.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0099.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2147", "value_resource_id": 2147, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2147", "display_title": "GP0100", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/65d9bb56dbf1c7fd6522f89452d181783b341da3.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0100.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2148", "value_resource_id": 2148, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2148", "display_title": "GP0101", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f4f243f90cd0a8f96f584af621bc39d40cbe6a38.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0101.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2149", "value_resource_id": 2149, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2149", "display_title": "GP0102" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The rectangular stone slab, which forms the bottom plate of the western niche, is 1.62 m long and 0.38 m wide. The surface of the limestone slab is relatively rough and much weathered. Its color is dark grey, even black in many places. The most northern quarter of the rectangular fragment is brighter in color (cleaned?) and bears remains of bas-relief carvings on an area of about 0.35 x 0.35 m. However, it is damaged by two large cracks, one of them running through the entire width of the slab, separating the small part with visible imagery from the rest of the slab. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "162" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "38" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "The figurative depictions remaining on the most northern part of the slab are relatively discernable when applying oblique light. According to Böttger-Niedenzu’s drawing, they represent the outline of the right half of a ship, which is placed above a rudimentary preserved row of three triangles (waves). The stem is short, rising vertically but then turning to the right almost horizontally. An element that rises up next to the stem, which narrows towards the top and overtopping the stem, could be interpreted as a crewman turning to the right (i.e., east). Above the huge crewman and the stem, the lower horizontal frame of the ship’s sail is discernable. The sail itself is lost, except some tiny parts of carved rhombi in the top right (i.e., northeast) corner of the stone. Three sheet ropes are running towards the sail, one behind the possible crewman and two in front of him, apparently fastened to the stem. In front of the ship, a figure in raised relief is discernable but difficult to describe and hardly interpretable (Böttger-Niedenzu 1988, p. 9: “unregelmäßiges, zweilappiges Gebilde” [ʻirregular, bilobed shapeʼ]). " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "The size of the fragment, the carving technique and the ship motif indicate a Type C/D picture stone. Therefore, it can be roughly dated to between the 8th century and the 10th century. The stone provides several remarkable features: Sheet ropes directly attached to the top of the stem are quite unusual. They can also be observed on the Type D stones GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III and GP 94 Garda Bote (both Type D according to Lindqvist). The strange shape of the stem, however, is without comparison. Triangular waves are depicted on a relatively small group of Type C/D stones (in particular, GP 170 Halla kyrka 5, GP 212 Klinte Klintebys, GP 572 Eksta kyrka and GP 563 Väte kyrka 2 as well as GP 280 När Smiss I). Finally, the ship’s position on the stone must be regarded as a particular characteristic. As the sailing ship is not placed in the lower part of the picture stone as usual but rather in its upper body or neck area, the Garda stone is closely related to GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I and the monuments GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII and GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I (both Type D according to Lindqvist). A similar position of the ship, also including the triangular waves, can be seen on Klinte Klintebys and Väte kyrka 2. Therefore, the Garda monument could be considered as belonging to Lindqvist’s ʻKlinte-Gruppeʼ or to the ʻTjängvide Gruppeʼ. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2257", "value_resource_id": 2257, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2257", "display_title": "GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cb5d2c8af425bf47098bed0d220392ad0e0bdcce.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0211.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2141", "value_resource_id": 2141, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2141", "display_title": "GP0094", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/89d351acb925a49bbbc69ed6cd935473f2384af3.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0094.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2216", "value_resource_id": 2216, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2216", "display_title": "GP 170 Halla kyrka 5", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f751f5783f8dc1a45b773019f59db2f6e2027116.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0170.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "value_resource_id": 2258, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2258", "display_title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2616", "value_resource_id": 2616, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2616", "display_title": "GP 572 Eksta kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/3a502e3c7ca47983abd611b27e2c0753b47b7754.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0572.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2607", "value_resource_id": 2607, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2607", "display_title": "GP 563 Väte kyrka 2", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c4c06c2a39c57d7799239e1d1fed91d30fc4df58.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0563.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2326", "value_resource_id": 2326, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2326", "display_title": "GP 280 När Smiss I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/2a1dc7da59386303aa351e00c9aa65be30cacc36.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0280.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Böttger-Niedenzu 1988, pp. 8–9, drawing 5. " } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Garde 124" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4628", "value_resource_id": 4628, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4628", "display_title": "3D model for GP0095", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0095_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "403" } ], "ai2:dateOfDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 302, "property_label": "Year of Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "1984" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1984 i den västra nischen av den norra stigluckan in till kyrkogården i Garda. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nSamma plats som när bildstenen påträffades 1984. \n\nBeskrivning \nTillhugget fragment av en svampformig bildsten (typ C-D) 162 x 38 cm. På fragmentet rester av ett skepp, med segel, rigg och vågor bevarat. På skeppet en besättningsman. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men bildstenen tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "human figure" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "polygon" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6358371" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "715673" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6358371" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "715673" } ], "ai2:lastInspected": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 315, "property_label": "Last Inspected", "is_public": true, "@value": "10.08.2022 (Cecilia Ljung)" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2144", "o:title": "GP 97 Garda kyrka I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2145", "o:title": "GP 98 Garda kyrka II" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2195", "o:title": "GP 149 Halla Broa IX" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2607", "o:title": "GP 563 Väte kyrka 2" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4628", "o:title": "3D model for GP0095" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/108", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 108, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2142", "o:id": 2142 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.317182587427645, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.581788496913987, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2143", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2143, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 96 Garda Smiss I", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/9fc3378f5668f1b59f2a0b1a8ce936c678bb642e.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/9fc3378f5668f1b59f2a0b1a8ce936c678bb642e.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/9fc3378f5668f1b59f2a0b1a8ce936c678bb642e.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:09+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-08-26T08:21:16+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4022", "o:id": 4022 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4022", "o:id": 4022 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3016", "o:id": 3016 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 96 Garda Smiss I" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0096" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/41ba1408-a609-4a5d-99e4-43b175ccf28b", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Häbbnautet – a meadow near Smiss gård (farmstead) in Garda socken. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Agricultural Field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Garda" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Garda Smiss" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Återfunnen tillsammans med Smiss II i en äng vid uppodling." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Fornsalen" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Bildstenshallen" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "According to Pehr Arvid Säve’s “Gotländska Samlingar” II (1887), the stone was found in 1873, together with GP 103 Garda Smiss II, while cultivating a meadow called Häbbnautet in the vicinity of Smiss gård (towards Ansarve). During an investigation in 1978, however, the find place could not be verified (according to the RAÄ inventory book 1978-06-14). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2150", "value_resource_id": 2150, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2150", "display_title": "GP 103 Garda Smiss II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f7e543b80cc7a85e1ca3d476fbc7deee78b2b9a8.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0103.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The small picture stone is completely preserved, including its massive pedestal-like root. “Limestone slab, 7–10 cm thick above the root. Both broad sides above the root hewn and convex, as are the narrow sides. Wide chamfers that now generally are blurred by weathering appear to have divided the broad from the narrow sides. Overall height of the stone 98 cm, of which 69 cm are above the root. The width between the upper corners is 45 cm, in the middle of the body 33cm, at the base 40 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 47). The carved surface is well preserved. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "98" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "45" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "8" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "“The decoration, confined to one of the broad sides, is executed in rough lines of about 4 mm width, without carved relief. The border is framed by double lines, features a simplified twisted cord pattern ,and defines a field that is divided into two panels of differing sizes by a central horizontal band of identical decoration. The lower panel appears to be empty, while the upper one seems to have a water-bird – which probably had two legs, one in front of the other – and above that a watercraft with steep, towering stems and a schematised depiction of mast and sail (?)” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 47). In addition, the drawing by Olof Sörling, which is the only picture of the stone reproduced by Lindqvist (ibid. fig. 354), depicts a steering oar at the left-hand side of the ship, which is currently not visible on the painted stone presented in the exhibition. Furthermore, in Sörling’s interpretation, one of the bird’s legs is not connected to its body and appears more like a tiny barrier towering from the ground. The current painting, however, depicts the second leg clearly. Photos of the unpainted stone as well as a photo of the tentatively painted monument taken in 1933 (1648:52) are kept in ATA (Run- och bildstenssamling). " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "There are at least ten Type B picture stones with images of single aquatic birds or antithetic pairs of waterfowl known so far (see IX). More information about the possible origin of this motif in Christian iconography and its interpretation in a pre-Christian Scandinavian context, in particular with regard to eschatological beliefs and ideas of the afterlife journey, see GP 276 När Rikvide I. Regarding Christian influence on the imagery of ʻAbschnittʼ B see also GP 551 Väskinde Butter and GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2322", "value_resource_id": 2322, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2322", "display_title": "GP 276 När Rikvide (I)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1b5b3c485c44b0e4adee3bf9827f4d66c0d35674.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0276.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2595", "value_resource_id": 2595, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2595", "display_title": "GP 551 Väskinde Butter", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/57e158245e1d986790d9dc9f6dde9ca09c6e4e1d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0551.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2320", "value_resource_id": 2320, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2320", "display_title": "GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e0add5767c325a39f10c38fe512d6ea8d2f234b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0274.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Middle-type picture stone, i.e., Type B according to Lindqvist, dating to between AD 500 and 700. The stone belongs to those Type B stones described by Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 38–39) as dwarf stones with convex (in this case almost ogival) head and corners protruding horizontally. Lindqvist assigns Garda Smiss I to his so-called Stenstugruppe (1941/42 I, pp. 37–38), which in particular is characterized by depictions of aquatic birds in the lower and a simple vessel (i.e., ships of the Rikvidetyp – ibid. I, p. 66) in the upper field of the stone. These monuments are frequently decorated on both sides. Lindqvist considers them to have been placed pairwise on graves. The currently known Type B monuments featuring single or pairs of aquatic birds are the following: GP 142 Halla Broa VII, GP 165 Halla Broa XVII, GP 129 Hablingbo Stenstu, GP 276 När Rikvide I, GP 277 När Rikvide 2, GP 10 Alva St. Ringome, GP 96 Garda Smiss I, GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes, GP 200 Hemse Lindvide, and the Type B dwarf stone found in Grobin, Latvia (Petrenko 1991; Lamm 1991; Lamm/Nylén 2003, pp. 210–211). \n\nAccording to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012, p. 159) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type dwarf3, belonging to his period 3, which he dates to the Middle Vendel Period. Varenius (1992, appendix 2) assigns the ship depiction on Garda Smiss I to his group 2 (enkel rigg), which he dates to the period between the 7th and the 9th centuries. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2188", "value_resource_id": 2188, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2188", "display_title": "GP 142 Halla Broa VII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/36dee40d0be3bf69d7d02ddeae65e03af68ad958.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0142.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2211", "value_resource_id": 2211, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2211", "display_title": "GP 165 Halla Broa XVII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/6cfb6a1cb1b3bf057cb5b3b11772938897010fa4.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0165.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2175", "value_resource_id": 2175, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2175", "display_title": "GP 129 Hablingbo Stenstu", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7bc24655edcb7c1e6d00e73d8f868acb2c0314d2.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0129.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2322", "value_resource_id": 2322, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2322", "display_title": "GP 276 När Rikvide (I)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1b5b3c485c44b0e4adee3bf9827f4d66c0d35674.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0276.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2323", "value_resource_id": 2323, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2323", "display_title": "GP 277 När Rikvide 2", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e7d811ccb7e8a8044763bfc789347029863ff646.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0277.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2057", "value_resource_id": 2057, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2057", "display_title": "GP 10 Alva St. Ringome", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/728633d0bd843878836a149ce6061363699dc9fa.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GF_Alva_foto_kyrka_prästgård_allmänt_gårdar_A-Ö_Ringome.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2143", "value_resource_id": 2143, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2143", "display_title": "GP 96 Garda Smiss I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/9fc3378f5668f1b59f2a0b1a8ce936c678bb642e.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0096.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2320", "value_resource_id": 2320, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2320", "display_title": "GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e0add5767c325a39f10c38fe512d6ea8d2f234b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0274.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2246", "value_resource_id": 2246, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2246", "display_title": "GP 200 Hemse Lindvide" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "B (ca. 500-700)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 47, fig. 354; Böhner 1968, pp. 188–189; Varenius 1992, p. 62, fig. 19; Guber 2011, p. 119 cat. no. 19; Oehrl 2019a, p. 168. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1976:2922" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Garde 19:2" } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Garda, Smiss I" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFA1984" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4629", "value_resource_id": 4629, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4629", "display_title": "3D model for GP0096", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0096_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "69" } ], "ai2:limestoneType": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 325, "property_label": "Limestone Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "crinoid limestone" } ], "ai2:geologicalGroup": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 326, "property_label": "Geological Group", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinteberg Formation (40%)" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1873 vid uppodling av ängen Häbbnautet i närheten av gården Smiss. Stenen påträffades tillsammans med GP 103 Garda Smiss II. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands Museum, bildstenshallen. \n\nBeskrivning \nHelt bevarad liten bildsten (period B), 98 cm hög och som bredast 69 cm. Stenen består av två bildfält, det nedre är tomt, medan det övre omfattar en sjöfågel och delar av ett skepp med mast och segel. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, tillhör perioden 500-600-talen. \n\nTolkning \nSjöfågeln kan möjligen knytas till en kristen kontinental ikonografi. \n\nAA " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2150", "value_resource_id": 2150, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2150", "display_title": "GP 103 Garda Smiss II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f7e543b80cc7a85e1ca3d476fbc7deee78b2b9a8.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0103.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "legs" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "oar" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waterfowl" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6357731" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "714954" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6393355" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "696536" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2150", "o:title": "GP 103 Garda Smiss II" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2057", "o:title": "GP 10 Alva St. Ringome" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2113", "o:title": "GP 66 Barlingbo Stava" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2143", "o:title": "GP 96 Garda Smiss I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2154", "o:title": "GP 107 Gothem Västerbjärs" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2175", "o:title": "GP 129 Hablingbo Stenstu" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2188", "o:title": "GP 142 Halla Broa VII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2211", "o:title": "GP 165 Halla Broa XVII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2246", "o:title": "GP 200 Hemse Lindvide" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2323", "o:title": "GP 277 När Rikvide 2" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2189", "o:title": "GP 143 Halla Broa I" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2320", "o:title": "GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2322", "o:title": "GP 276 När Rikvide (I)" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2595", "o:title": "GP 551 Väskinde Butter" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4629", "o:title": "3D model for GP0096" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/109", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 109, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2143", "o:id": 2143 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.3117836592701, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.56931736872457, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2144", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2144, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 97 Garda kyrka I", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/c1a60928235e48c02bbb160ff83e472483ddc82d.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/c1a60928235e48c02bbb160ff83e472483ddc82d.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c1a60928235e48c02bbb160ff83e472483ddc82d.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:09+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2025-04-22T08:49:08+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3023", "o:id": 3023 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3023", "o:id": 3023 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3024", "o:id": 3024 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 97 Garda kyrka I" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0097" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Incorporated into the tower of Garda (Garde) church." } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Garda" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Garda kyrka" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Inmurad i tornet bildar övertröskel på den mellersta luckan på södra sidan av tornet." } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Garda" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "In situ" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" }, { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "In-Loco" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Garda kyrka" } ], "ai2:presentLocationNote": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 294, "property_label": "Context Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "I kyrkan. Inmurad i tornet bildar övertröskel på den mellersta luckan på södra sidan av tornet." } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The two picture stone fragments Garda kyrka I and GP 98 Garda kyrka II, which appear to originate from one and the same monument, are incorporated into the wall of Garda (today also ʻGardeʼ) church’s bell tower (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 46; Svahnström 1972, p. 332). The stones form the lintels for the lowest sound hatches on the south and west sides of the tower, respectively. Both stones are integrated in the wall at equal height, with their decorated sides facing downwards. The fragments were first recognised in the church and reported to Gotlands Museum by E. Lundmark in 1914 (ATA Go Garde sn: Kyrkan –1949). The only available photos of the stones and their difficult location were taken by E. Edle in 1919 (ATA Run- och bildstenssamling). \n\nFour more picture stone fragments, GP 99–102 Garda kyrka 3–6, were discovered under the floor of the nave by Gustav Trotzig during archaeological excavations in 1968 (Trotzig 1970). A further picture stone, GP 95 Garda kyrka 7, was found by B. Böttger-Niedenzu in 1984, incorporated into the 14th century lychgate. Garda church is regarded as one of the oldest churches of Gotland (Lagerlöf 1972; Lagerlöf/Svahnström 1991, pp. 142–144; Andrén 2011, pp. 199–201). As early as around AD 1100, there was a wooden church at the same place. This Viking Age church was replaced by an early Romanesque building by the middle of the 12th century, the nave and the lower part of the tower of which are still preserved. In the middle of the 13th century, the tower was built up to its present height; in the first half of the 14th century, the Romanesque choir and apse were demolished and replaced by the current large Gothic choir. Among the church’s most remarkable features are the Russo-Byzantine wall paintings on the tower arch and in the nave. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2145", "value_resource_id": 2145, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2145", "display_title": "GP 98 Garda kyrka II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e13715dd8b6e066fe9667f0ebd68303d13d6cc48.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GF_kyrkoinventarier_Garde_del2_2003-2004_no168.pdf", "thumbnail_type": "application/pdf" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2146", "value_resource_id": 2146, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2146", "display_title": "GP 99 Garda kyrka 3", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/73513d4574193875b1bb8c7af1eca22b30f32e41.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0099.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2147", "value_resource_id": 2147, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2147", "display_title": "GP0100", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/65d9bb56dbf1c7fd6522f89452d181783b341da3.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0100.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2148", "value_resource_id": 2148, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2148", "display_title": "GP0101", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f4f243f90cd0a8f96f584af621bc39d40cbe6a38.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0101.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2149", "value_resource_id": 2149, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2149", "display_title": "GP0102" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2142", "value_resource_id": 2142, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2142", "display_title": "GP 95 Garda kyrka 7", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/05739491a7017961eb019e8354111404b858ee7d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GF_kyrkoinventarier_Garde_del2_2003-2004_no185.pdf", "thumbnail_type": "application/pdf" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The limestone slab is 14 cm thick, and its obverse is relatively flat. As the stone is incorporated into the masonry, no observations can be made regarding the narrow sides and the reverse. The currently visible part of the fragment is circa 1.50 x 0.60 m. The well-preserved decoration is executed by the chiseling of the background fields, which are slightly more than 2 mm deep (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 46). The relief is remarkably clear. Since the sail of a large ship and an image panel above it are preserved, the slab appears to represent a piece from the lower part of a tall picture stone. Since both fragments, Garda kyrka I and GP 98 Garda kyrka II, are quite similar regarding the nature of the material, colour, and preservation, Lindqvist (ibid.) regards them as originating from one and the same picture stone. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2145", "value_resource_id": 2145, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2145", "display_title": "GP 98 Garda kyrka II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e13715dd8b6e066fe9667f0ebd68303d13d6cc48.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GF_kyrkoinventarier_Garde_del2_2003-2004_no168.pdf", "thumbnail_type": "application/pdf" } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "150" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "60" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "14" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 II, fig. 351) reproduces a drawing made by Olof Sörling; photos taken by E. Edle in 1919 with the carvings traced with white chalk by F. Nordin are kept in ATA. The visible part of the slab shows in the upper panel a backwards-looking four-legged animal in the left corner and two men to its right. The first is almost completely preserved and raises his hands, performing a gesture of adoration, while the second human figure is incomplete and vague. A fragment of an edge border with interlace decoration can be seen to the left of the upper image panel. The field below, which represents the larger part of the fragment, is incomplete and covered by a checked sail on a mast with one (to the left of the mast) and two (to the right of the mast) stays as well as some further indistinct parts of the rigging. The sail’s pattern is formed by alternatingly carved and raised squares. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "As the human figure in the middle of the upper panel appears to represent an adorant, the entire scene could be interpreted as depicting a religious ceremony. The backwards-looking animal could be interpreted in this direction as well – on the late-type picture stone GP 59 Buttle Änge V, a horse-like animal in the same posture is depicted, apparently offering its throat to a man who is raising his sword. Lindqvist interprets this scene as an animal sacrifice and the backwards-looking head of the animal as a specific gesture of sacrificial iconography (Lindqvist 1964, p. 67). This may also be the case with Garda kyrka I (Althaus 1993, p. 193). The topic of horse fights and horse sacrifice in the iconography of the (early) Gotland picture stones has often been discussed, see GP 198 Hellvi Ire 7 and the following literature: Gjessing 1943, pp. 29–30; Lindqvst 1955, pp. 41–43; Ellmers 1970, pp. 243–245; Lamm/Nylén 2003, p. 26; Althaus 1993, pp. 87–89, 192–193; Lamm 1999; Beck 2003, pp. 96–97; Guber 2011, pp. 55–56; Pesch 2015a, p. 357; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 62–63. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2106", "value_resource_id": 2106, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2106", "display_title": "GP0059", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d5d3d9f2fa1040a0a1d071a1db733c8d5fd3eff0.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0059.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2244", "value_resource_id": 2244, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2244", "display_title": "GP 198 Hellvi Ire 7" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall late-type picture stone, Type C/D according to Lindqvist’s typology. Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 50) himself assigns it to his ʻAbschnittʼ D, without giving any reasons. The monuments of ʻAbschnittʼ C are dated by Lindqvist to the time around AD 700, the small group of Type D stones, which, however, must be regarded as a subgroup of C rather than a separate type, which he dates to the middle or the second half of the 8th century. According to recent research, however, those Type C/D picture stones can only be roughly dated to between the 8th and the 10th centuries. " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 50; II, p. 46, fig. 351; Althaus 1993, p. 193. " } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Garde 124:4" } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Garda, Kirche I" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4630", "value_resource_id": 4630, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4630", "display_title": "3D model for GP0097", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0097_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "63a" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen är inmurad i tornet på Garda kyrka, och rapporterades första gången 1914. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nFortfarande inmurad i tornet. \n\nBeskrivning \nFragment av en stor svampformad bildsten (period C-D), vilken troligen hänger samman med ett annat fragment, GP 98 Garda kyrka II. Det bevarade fragmentet 150 x 60 cm. Väl bevarade bilder i två fält. I det undre fältet segel och mast till ett stort skepp och i det övre fältet ett bakåtblickande djur och två män, varav den ene har händerna resta i ett slags tillbedjan. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nDet övre fältet kan möjligen föreställa ett offer. \n\nAA " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2145", "value_resource_id": 2145, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2145", "display_title": "GP 98 Garda kyrka II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e13715dd8b6e066fe9667f0ebd68303d13d6cc48.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GF_kyrkoinventarier_Garde_del2_2003-2004_no168.pdf", "thumbnail_type": "application/pdf" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "hands" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "interlace" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "quadruped" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6358371" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "715673" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6358371" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "715673" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2142", "o:title": "GP 95 Garda kyrka 7" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2145", "o:title": "GP 98 Garda kyrka II" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2145", "o:title": "GP 98 Garda kyrka II" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2272", "o:title": "GP 226 Källunge kyrka 8" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2145", "o:title": "GP 98 Garda kyrka II" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4630", "o:title": "3D model for GP0097" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/110", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 110, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2144", "o:id": 2144 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.317182587427645, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.581788496913987, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] } ]