[ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2175", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2175, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 129 Hablingbo Stenstu", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/7bc24655edcb7c1e6d00e73d8f868acb2c0314d2.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/7bc24655edcb7c1e6d00e73d8f868acb2c0314d2.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7bc24655edcb7c1e6d00e73d8f868acb2c0314d2.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:10+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-21T11:49:43+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4179", "o:id": 4179 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4179", "o:id": 4179 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 129 Hablingbo Stenstu" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0129" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Agricultural field close to the farmstead ʻStenstuʼ in Hablingbo parish. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Agricultural Field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hablingbo" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hablingbo Stenstugu" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Funnen på en åker ungefär 300-400 m väster om byn." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM Storage" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The two fragments of a picture stone were found while ploughing, approximately 300 to 400 m west of the farmstead ʻStenstuʼ (i.e., ʻStenstuguʼ), and delivered to Statens Historiska Museum in Stockholm in 1920. More information is not available. " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The small picture stone is preserved in two fragments, one of them representing the monument’s complete head and a small part of the field below, and the second one representing the massive root, the base and the bottom part of the lower image field. Only one of the original edges is preserved on the second fragment; the other edge is broken off. The middle part of the stone, including a large part of the lower image field and the lateral edges is missing. Lindqvist notes: “Limestone slab, 3–5 cm thick. Both broad sides above the root smoothed by hewing, though not completely flat, the narrow sides hewn at right angles to it and separated from both broad sides by chamfers, that generally do not reach 1 cm width.” The carvings are well preserved. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "5" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "customvocab:10", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "As most of the carvings are very clear; they have not been painted (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, fig. 55–56, cf. ATA 462:2-3; 440:26). Nevertheless, some of the details described by Lindqvist can only be discerned on Olof Sörling’s drawing from 1920, which is not published in “Gotlands Bildsteine” but kept in ATA (Run- och bildstenssamling). Lindqvist describes the decoration and their technique with particular detail (ibid. II, p. 57): “The bordering on both broad sides is formed by 3 mm wide grooves of 1–2 mm depth and with almost flat bases. They obviously were carved by means of a 3 mm wide chisel that was set to the stone surface transversely and then little by little was moved in the direction of the grooves. Some of the contours of the figures in the fields were produced in the same manner, but at several places, the chisel had been put down at an oblique angle at the cutting edge, so that merely that edge that is facing the figure was cut deep enough to produce a sharp ledge. As a consequence of the method just described, the masts of the vessels, for example, appear to rise up from the sunken background field. Only exceptionally have large areas of the large background fields been chiselled, such as in the areas between the birds’ bellies and feet. \n\nApart from the borders with a simplified twisted cord patterns and unusually wide horizontal borders with zigzag patterns along the base, the imagery on Face A, the field of which is divided in two at about half way up the body by a horizontal border, includes: in the upper panel, a watercraft with towering stems, a rudder on its starboard side, and a tabular sail, and in the lower panel, remains of two waterfowl facing each other; on the other broad side, at the very top, a watercraft like the preceding one, but with the rudder on its port side, as well as four pointed figures rising up from the railing, at the very bottom, remains of two waterfowl facing each other.” " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "There are at least ten Type B picture stones with images of single aquatic birds or antithetic pairs of waterfowl known so far (see IX). More information about the possible origin of this motif in Christian iconography and its interpretation in a pre-Christian Scandinavian context, in particular regarding eschatological beliefs and ideas of the afterlife journey, see GP 276 När Rikvide I. Regarding Christian influence on the imagery of ʻAbschnittʼ B see also GP 551 Väskinde Butter and GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2322", "value_resource_id": 2322, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2322", "display_title": "GP 276 När Rikvide (I)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1b5b3c485c44b0e4adee3bf9827f4d66c0d35674.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0276.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2595", "value_resource_id": 2595, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2595", "display_title": "GP 551 Väskinde Butter", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/57e158245e1d986790d9dc9f6dde9ca09c6e4e1d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0551.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2320", "value_resource_id": 2320, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2320", "display_title": "GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e0add5767c325a39f10c38fe512d6ea8d2f234b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0274.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Middle-type picture stone, i.e., Type B according to Lindqvist, dating to between AD 500 and 700. The stone belongs to those Type B stones described by Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 38–39) as dwarf stones with convex head and pronounced corners protruding horizontally. Hablingbo Stenstu was the name-given for Lindqvist’s so-called Stenstugruppe (1941/42 I, pp. 37–38), which is characterized by depictions of aquatic birds in the lower field of the stone and a simple vessel (i.e., ships of the Rikvidetyp – ibid. I, p. 66) in the upper field. These monuments are frequently decorated on both sides. Lindqvist considers them to have been placed pairwise on graves. The currently known Type B monuments featuring single or pairs of aquatic birds are the following: GP 142 Halla Broa VII, GP 165 Halla Broa XVII, GP 129 Hablingbo Stenstu, GP 276 När Rikvide I, GP 277 När Rikvide 2, GP 10 Alva St. Ringome, GP 96 Garda Smiss I, GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes, GP 200 Hemse Lindvide, and the Type B dwarf stone found in Grobin, Latvia (Petrenko 1991; Lamm 1991; Lamm/Nylén 2003, pp. 210–211). As far as GP 129 Hablingbo Stenstu is concerned, GP 10 Alva St. Ringome is the best match, featuring a very similar type of bird, probably a comparable ship, as well as the same outline (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 18). \n\nVarenius (1992, appendix 2) assigns the ship depiction on Hablingbo Stenstu to his group 2 (enkel rigg), which he dates to the period between the 7th and the 9th century. In Rundkvist’s (2012, p. 159) typology, however, the shape of the stone corresponds to his type dwarf2, dating to the early Vendel Period. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2188", "value_resource_id": 2188, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2188", "display_title": "GP 142 Halla Broa VII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/36dee40d0be3bf69d7d02ddeae65e03af68ad958.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0142.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2211", "value_resource_id": 2211, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2211", "display_title": "GP 165 Halla Broa XVII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/6cfb6a1cb1b3bf057cb5b3b11772938897010fa4.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0165.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2322", "value_resource_id": 2322, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2322", "display_title": "GP 276 När Rikvide (I)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1b5b3c485c44b0e4adee3bf9827f4d66c0d35674.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0276.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2323", "value_resource_id": 2323, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2323", "display_title": "GP 277 När Rikvide 2", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e7d811ccb7e8a8044763bfc789347029863ff646.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0277.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2057", "value_resource_id": 2057, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2057", "display_title": "GP 10 Alva St. Ringome", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/728633d0bd843878836a149ce6061363699dc9fa.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GF_Alva_foto_kyrka_prästgård_allmänt_gårdar_A-Ö_Ringome.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2143", "value_resource_id": 2143, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2143", "display_title": "GP 96 Garda Smiss I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/9fc3378f5668f1b59f2a0b1a8ce936c678bb642e.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0096.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2320", "value_resource_id": 2320, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2320", "display_title": "GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e0add5767c325a39f10c38fe512d6ea8d2f234b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0274.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2246", "value_resource_id": 2246, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2246", "display_title": "GP 200 Hemse Lindvide" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "B (ca. 500-700)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 37–38, 40, 66, fig. 55–56; II, p. 57; Böhner 1968, pp. 188–189; Varenius 1992, p. 62, figs. 21–22; Guber 2011, p. 123 cat. no. 28; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 11, 168, pl. 2f. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hablingbo, Stenstu" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4661", "value_resource_id": 4661, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4661", "display_title": "3D model for GP0129", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0129B_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "99" } ], "ai2:shmID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 311, "property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "16510" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nTvå fragment av en bildsten påträffades vid plöjning cirka 300-400 m väster om gården Stenstu. Fragmenten överlämnade till Statens historiska museum 1920. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStatens Historiska Museum, magasinet i Tumba \n\nBeskrivning \nTvå fragment av en liten bildsten (period B). Bildstenen har två bildfält på båda sidorna. I båda de övre bildfälten ett fartyg med segel, och i båda de nedre fälten två motställda sjöfåglar. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, tillhör perioden 500-600-talen. \n\nTolkning \nDe motställda sjöfåglarna kan ha influerats av kristen kontinental ikonografi. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "bird" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waterfowl" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "torso" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6581391" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "675775" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgCDuF2BdsKPQpiwLkreaR42AX5FXMTV0NCa4NYgP3kfCvo?e=IQl3Jo" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2176", "o:title": "GP 130 Hablingbo kyrka 2" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2177", "o:title": "GP 131 Hablingbo kyrka (I)" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2057", "o:title": "GP 10 Alva St. Ringome" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2343", "o:title": "GP 297 Unknown Find Spot" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2143", "o:title": "GP 96 Garda Smiss I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2188", "o:title": "GP 142 Halla Broa VII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2211", "o:title": "GP 165 Halla Broa XVII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2246", "o:title": "GP 200 Hemse Lindvide" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2323", "o:title": "GP 277 När Rikvide 2" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2320", "o:title": "GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2322", "o:title": "GP 276 När Rikvide (I)" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2595", "o:title": "GP 551 Väskinde Butter" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4661", "o:title": "3D model for GP0129" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2196", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2196, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 150 Halla Broa XVI", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/8bb5ab1fc0ac61f6dfc7a95ab3642d6c160035c1.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/8bb5ab1fc0ac61f6dfc7a95ab3642d6c160035c1.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/8bb5ab1fc0ac61f6dfc7a95ab3642d6c160035c1.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:11+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-21T12:05:43+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4201", "o:id": 4201 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4201", "o:id": 4201 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 150 Halla Broa XVI" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0150" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The Broa (today Broe) cemetery in Högbro, Halla parish, next to the old railway line; the fragment was found in the stone cover of a burial mound. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla Broa" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Funnen på en nybyggd tomt till höger om järnvägsspåret, alldeles vid järnvägsbommen i trekanten. Vid röjade av gravhög." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "Yes" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM Storage" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist published 20 picture stones under the name of the farmstead Broa (today Broe), all of which appear to originate from the unusually large Iron Age grave field, which is situated in the south-western part of Halla parish, close to the border to Roma parish, and which had been well known through the ages, first mentioned by Strelow in 1633. The farm belongs to the community of Högbro. Since time immemorial, two important country roads, the road Halla–Viklau and the road Roma-Sjonhem (ʻVisbyvägenʼ) intersect here, where a rise consisting of gravel (the ʻhigh bridgeʼ = Högbro) clearly emerges out of the terrain, leading across the great bog system Romamyr-Stormyr. Both roads in turn are intersected by the railway line Roma-Etelhem. The railway intersects both roads a few hundred metres to the west and southwest of the crossing. During the 19th century, the Högbro elevation was severely diminished and large parts of the Broa cemetery were destroyed by clearing and cultivation, gravel mining, house building, railway and road construction, as well as deliberate grave robbing. Many finds from Broa were sold on the antiquities market during this time, with many acquired by ATA. Unfortunately, the large and highly important cemetery of Högbro-Broa is still not published adequately; its present documentation is incomplete and confusing. The best overview about the history and state of research is given by Lena Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, pp. 621–623; IV:1, pp. 324–347). \n\nThe first professional and large-scale excavation took place in 1899, conducted by Hans Hansson, who unearthed 14 graves in a small area right next to the intersection, just south of the road Roma-Sjonhem and east of the road to Viklau. One further large-scale excavation was carried out in 1981–82 by Ann-Marie Pettersson, investigating 120 graves (9 inhumation, 102 cremation, 9 without bones) in a small area (circa 700 m2) about 50 m north of the road Roma–Sjonhem and about 40 m east of the road to Halla (Broe 1:71; see the report compiled by Daniel Langhammer from 2012, RAGU dnr 13/82, 789/84). Apart from that, several minor and poorly documented investigations took place, in the beginning of the 20th century and, in particular, during the 1930s and the early 1940s. \n\nTwo large areas are registered by ATA, a burial ground north of the road Roma–Sjonhem (ATA Halla 46:1) and a burial ground south of the road (ATA Halla 48:1). The first one (46:1) covers an area of circa 120 x 110 m (E–W) and contains 66 circular stone settings and 120 investigated flat graves. The other one (48:1) is about 300 x 120 m (N–S) and features 202 circular stone settings. Several other registered monuments, about 15 stone settings, 2 stone kists and 1 gravklot (large spherical stone) seem to belong to the Broa grave field as well (ATA Halla 1:1, 1:2, 74:1, 78:1, 79:1; Roma 31:1, 31:2, 32:1). Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, p. 622) estimates the number of investigated graves alone at about 300 to 400. The actual size and extent of the cemetery, however, remains uncertain. \n\nThe oldest investigated burials can be dated to the Roman Iron Age, with some unexcavated stone settings typical of the Pre-Roman Iron Age. Most of the graves, however, date to the Migration, Vendel and Viking Periods. First and foremost, the grave field is well-known and frequently cited for some particularly important finds such as the decorated horse harness from the equestrian burial discovered in 1899, after which the Broa Style is named (Salin 1922; Thunmark-Nylén 1992; 1995–2006 IV:1, pp. 325–326), the lyre bridge of amber from the same grave (Reimers 1980), and many remarkable finds of glass vessels from all periods (Nylén 1969). Furthermore, there are several elite warrior graves containing fragments of ring-swords as well as a Vendel helmet (Nerman 1969–1975 I:1, p. 29; II, fig. 601). \n\nThe exact location of the find spots of the picture stones is difficult to determine in most cases, and their contexts and relation to the known parts of the cemetery remain unclear. Most of them originate from the railway line and the area west of it (called ʻBrandenʼ) and the rest from the area east of the road to Halla, between the road and the border to Roma (ʻKlosterängenʼ). Lindqvist (1941/42 II, fig. 378) provides a map, which was primarily composed at the National Heritage Board (RAÄ) based on the information kept in ATA. It identifies the location of the find places of the stones as carefully as they could be determined at Lindqvist’s time. \n\nAccording to a report letter from 1917-07-17 kept in ATA (Go Halla sn M–Ö, dnr 709-1917; cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 65), Wennersten states that the picture stone Halla Broa XVI was “found on a newly built-on property to the right of the railway tracks, when travelling south from the train station Roma, just next to the level crossing in the triangle formed by the country road from Roma, the road to Viklau, and Gotlands railway line. […] [It] came to light two years ago when some workers, who had been commissioned by Hans Hansson to clear a burial mound from its grass cover until he would be back shortly afterwards, in doing so uncovered the stone. The picture stone lay there between other stone pieces; when I was there, it had lain with the obverse upwards in the open air for two years.” " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The limestone slab represents the entire body and root of a small mushroom-shaped picture stone, which is now missing its head. The obverse is even, the narrow sides hewn at right angles towards the obverse but for the most part only roughly worked. The stone has a height of 75 cm, of which 60 cm are accounted for by the part above the root. The width of the neck is 32 cm, that of the base 45 m. The slab is about 10 cm thick (cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 65–66). There are no serious signs of weathering, abrasion or damage to be observed on the stone’s surface. However, the images are not easy to discern. The decoration is executed with fine lines, while the background fields are slightly chiselled, not more than 1 mm deep (ibid. fig. 396; ATA 494:9a; 1718:22). " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "75" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "45" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 II, pp. 65–66) describes the carvings in the following way: “Within the border, which is up to 6 cm wide, an interwoven band pattern. In the panel above a horizontal bar at the neck, the legs of a running horse can be seen, which indicates that the stone’s head was filled with the image of horse and rider. Just below the horizontal bar, three persons can be perceived in a low panel, of whom the middle one appears to be shown in a sitting position […]. Below this, there is a ship with rounded, towering stems and rectangular sail with rhombic pattern on a mast, on which probably are attached one stay from the left (prow?) and two from the right. A rudder may have been near the indistinct stem on the right. Above the railing, the torsos of six crewmen, all facing left, jut out; they presumably are behind a row of shields attached to the railing. Below the ship, a row of waves is depicted, the crests of which are breaking to the left, and a final horizontal border.” \n\nIn Olof Sörling’s drawing of the stone dating to 1918 (ibid. fig. 394), the horizontal border below the waves represents a simplified twisted cord pattern, which cannot be identified on Lindqvist’s photo of the painted surface (ibid. fig. 395). Another notable difference between both pictures is the left stem of the ship, which in Sörling’s opinion seems to end in an animal head with open jaws. Sörling and Lindqvist basically agree about the three figures in the image panel above the ship’s sail. The man to the left (see also Oehrl 2019a, pls. 57e–h) is wearing a sword scabbard and stretching out his hand towards the middle figure, which could represent a human. The human figure to the right, whose gender remains unclear, lifts up its hand, holding up an indefinable object, probably a drinking vessel, less probably a weapon. Either the figure is sitting on a chair or wearing long garments. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 66) compares the figures in the panel above the ship with the uppermost panel of GP 253 Lärbro St. Hammars I, which (according to Lindqvist’s painted version) depicts two warriors, flanking and apparently attacking a woman placed between them. This scene has been interpreted on the basis of heroic legend, as a case of abduction of a woman or the killing of King Jǫrmunrekr (Lindqvist 1941/42 I. p. 105; Gjessing 1943, p. 86). For more information see the regarding article about Lärbro St. Hammars I. \n\nIf the person in the right corner of the panel holds up a drinking vessel, the depiction could be compared to drinking scenes on other picture stones such as GP 258 Lärbro Tängelgårda I and GP 532 Träkumla kyrka 1. For their possible interpretation as drinking and oath taking ceremony or afterlife feasting, see articles cited by Oehrl (cf. Oehrl 2019a, pp. 172–174, 178). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2299", "value_resource_id": 2299, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2299", "display_title": "GP 253 Lärbro Stora Hammars I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d633dfb0db357f71c420b161a1e48e1024726ee9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0253", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2304", "value_resource_id": 2304, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2304", "display_title": "GP0258", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/77873047d434a760273ee33746e1e5a43285e370.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0258.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2576", "value_resource_id": 2576, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2576", "display_title": "GP 532 Träkumla kyrka 1", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/6f94bdae6ccf3ee55275413bd7005a63b71563ce.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0532.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Originally mushroom-shaped late-type ʻdwarf stoneʼ, belonging to ʻAbschnittʼ C according to Lindqvist, who dates those stones to the time around AD 700. Current research, however, tends to date them roughly to between the 8th century and the 10th century. Lisbeth Imer (2004, p. 104) dates the stone Halla Broa XVI to between AD 750 and 900. According to Varenius’ ship typology (1992, pp. 69–74 and appendix 2), the rigging of the ship depiction belongs to his group III (segelskepp med skot i hanfot), which he dates to the 9th or 10th centuries. The horizontal border beneath the waves is particularly remarkable. The simplified twisted cord (or step) pattern is typical for Type B picture stones and occurs rarely on late type monuments. A decorated horizontal border just above the root is also quite unusual. The only parallel is GP 149 Halla Broa IX, which is comparable to Halla Broa XVI in many respects. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2195", "value_resource_id": 2195, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2195", "display_title": "GP 149 Halla Broa IX", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/dee08f2d52773427a99fc66c4cb90a4a0c103ccc.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0149.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 105; II, pp. 65–66, figs. 394–396; Helmbrecht 2011, p. 470 cat. no. 608; Oehrl 2019a, p. 89, pls. 57e–h. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla, Broa XVI" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4682", "value_resource_id": 4682, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4682", "display_title": "3D model for GP0150", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "fler/GP0150_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "116" } ], "ai2:shmID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 311, "property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "16239" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades vid röjning av en gravhög 1915 på det stora järnåldersgravfältet Broa i Halla. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStatens Historiska Museums magasin, Tumba \n\nBeskrivning \nEn liten svampformad bildsten (typ C-D), 75 x 45 cm, med kantdekor och tre olika bildfält. I det översta fältet spår av en springande häst, som förmodligen haft en ryttare. I det mittersta fältet tre människor varva den mittersta verkar sitta. I det nedersta fältet vågor och över vågorna ett skepp med segel och sex besättningsmän \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men bildstenen tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nOm djuret på bilden kan ses som en häst kan bilden tolkas som Sleipner som hoppar över ett hinder för att komma in i dödsriket. Om bilden i stället föreställer en hjort kan det finans en kristen bakgrund. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "legs" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "human figure" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sitting" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "torso" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "shield-row" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "hand" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "cup" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "chair" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "dress" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "woman" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "running" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sheath" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6581391" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "675775" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgDmoKG2mLnVQI6hLyYTx-H9Ac0S_ikhUjJIJn16Cyy1Tnw?e=QKNg9r" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2195", "o:title": "GP 149 Halla Broa IX" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2297", "o:title": "GP 251 Lärbro Norder-Ire III" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2213", "o:title": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4682", "o:title": "3D model for GP0150" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2207", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2207, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 161 Halla Broa III", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/0a4b22bb8da6bb7d59b33ea8abd309a6e3b47ccb.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/0a4b22bb8da6bb7d59b33ea8abd309a6e3b47ccb.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0a4b22bb8da6bb7d59b33ea8abd309a6e3b47ccb.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:11+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-21T12:12:58+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4210", "o:id": 4210 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4210", "o:id": 4210 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 161 Halla Broa III" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0161" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The Broa (today Broe) cemetery in Högbro, Halla parish, at the old railway line. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla Broa" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gravfältet Högbro. Hittades samtidigt som nr.1" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Fornsalen" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Bildstenshallen" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist published 20 picture stones under the name of the farmstead Broa (today Broe), all of which appear to originate from the unusually large Iron Age grave field, which is situated in the south-western part of Halla parish, close to the border to Roma parish, and which had been well known through the ages, first mentioned by Strelow in 1633. The farm belongs to the community of Högbro. Since time immemorial, two important country roads, the road Halla-Viklau and the road Roma-Sjonhem (ʻVisbyvägenʼ) intersect here, where a rise consisting of gravel (the ʻhigh bridgeʼ = Högbro) clearly emerges out of the terrain, leading across the great bog system Romamyr-Stormyr. Both roads in turn are intersected by the railway line Roma–Etelhem. The railway intersects both roads a few hundred metres to the west and southwest of the crossing. During the 19th century, the Högbro elevation was severely diminished and large parts of the Broa necropolis were destroyed by clearing and cultivation, gravel mining, house building, railway and road construction, as well as deliberate grave robbing. Many finds from Broa were sold on the antiquities market during this time, with many acquired by ATA. Unfortunately, the large and highly important cemetery of Högbro-Broa is still not published adequately; its present documentation is incomplete and confusing. The best overview about the history and state of research is given by Lena Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, pp. 621–623; IV:1, pp. 324–347). \n\nThe first professional and large-scale excavation took place in 1899, conducted by Hans Hansson, who unearthed 14 graves in a small area right next to the intersection, just south of the road Roma-Sjonhem and east of the road to Viklau. One further large-scale excavation was carried out in 1981–82 by Ann-Marie Pettersson, who investigated 120 graves (9 inhumation, 102 cremation, 9 without bones) in a small area (circa 700 m2) about 50 m north of the road Roma–Sjonhem and about 40 m east of the road to Halla (Broe 1:71; see the report compiled by Daniel Langhammer from 2012, RAGU dnr 13/82, 789/84). Apart from that, several minor and poorly documented investigations took place, in the beginning of the 20th century, in particular, during the 1930s and the early 1940s. \n\nTwo larger areas are registered by ATA, a burial ground north of the road Roma-Sjonhem (ATA Halla 46:1) and a burial ground south of the road (ATA Halla 48:1). The first one (46:1) covers an area of circa 120 x 110 m (E–W) and contains 66 circular stone settings and 120 investigated flat graves. The other one (48:1) is about 300 x 120 m (N–S) and features 202 circular stone settings. Several other registered monuments, about 15 stone settings, 2 stone kists and 1 gravklot (large spherical stone) seem to belong to the Broa grave field as well (ATA Halla 1:1, 1:2, 74:1, 78:1, 79:1; Roma 31:1, 31:2, 32:1). Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, p. 622) estimates the number of investigated graves alone at about 300 to 400. The actual size and extent of the cemetery, however, remains still uncertain. \n\nThe oldest investigated burials can be dated to the Roman Iron Age, with some unexcavated stone settings typical for the Pre-Roman Iron Age. Most of the graves, however, date to the Migration, Vendel and Viking Periods. First and foremost, the grave field is well-known and frequently cited for some particularly important finds such as the decorated horse harness from the equestrian burial discovered in 1899, after which the Broa Style is named (Salin 1922; Thunmark-Nylén 1992; 1995–2006 IV:1, pp. 325–326), the lyre bridge of amber from the same grave (Reimers 1980), and many remarkable finds of glass vessels from all periods (Nylén 1969). Furthermore, there are several elite warrior graves containing fragments of ring-swords as well as a Vendel helmet (Nerman 1969–1975 I:1, p. 29; II, fig. 601). \n\nThe exact location of the find spots of the picture stones is difficult to determine in most cases, and their contexts and relation to the known parts of the cemetery remain unclear. Most of them originate from the railway line and the area west of it (called ʻBrandenʼ) and the rest from the area east of the road to Halla, between the road and the border to Roma (ʻKlosterängenʼ). Lindqvist (1941/42 II, fig. 378) provides a map, which was primarily composed at the National Heritage Board (RAÄ) based on the information kept in ATA. It identifies the location of the find places of the stones as carefully as they could be determined at Lindqvist’s time. \n\nThe picture stone Halla Broa III was found in 1876 during the construction of the railway line, together with GP 143 Halla Broa I and GP 160 Halla Broa II. “At the same time, several objects of bronze and iron from the younger Iron Age were discovered” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 59). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2189", "value_resource_id": 2189, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2189", "display_title": "GP 143 Halla Broa I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1b8f8b764541b077e9d0c46f0f59d21fa731d786.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0143.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2206", "value_resource_id": 2206, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2206", "display_title": "GP 160 Halla Broa II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7cb06f8f4cc38342dc9d0924e2829c3645a86732.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0160.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, 15 cm thick. […] The narrow sides hewn at right or acute angles towards the obverse, the reverse very rough and strongly curved. Current height of the stone 74 cm; the original height above the root likely was about 70 cm. Width of the head 46 cm, of the neck 41 cm, of the base 48 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 60). The stone’s face is almost even but quite rough. It appears to be weathered, in particular, its upper part, wherefore parts of the finely carved images and border decoration are lost. The mushroom shape of the slab is clearly discernible, both corners of the head are preserved. However, the top part of the arched head is broken off. The short root is preserved as well. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "74" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "41" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "15" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "“The lines of the decoration appear partly to have been chiselled, though they are narrow and irregular, partly to have been merely scratched in with a pointed object. The background field has been chiselled 1–2 mm deep. The border contains a twisted cord pattern that was given a realistic effect by Kerbschnitt-like chiselling of small areas. The field thus defined contains at the very top – probably below a [lost] top panel that cannot be interpreted – the image of a horseman with shield and spear on a horse, the feet of which rest on the upper part of the border-like frame of a sail with rhombic pattern on a watercraft with upwards-curved stems. The stems appear to be rounded. The ship has a rudder. Below the ship, a row of waves that are breaking to the left. Above the vessel’s railing, the torsos of five crewmen can be seen as well as many Y-shaped sheet ropes attached to the sail’s lower edge” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 60–61). \n\nThe picture of the stone with paint published by Lindqvist (ibid. I, fig. 108; cf. ATA Run- och bildstenssamlingen B3:59 [Faith-Ell 1937]) differs in some details from Olof Sörling’s drawing (ibid. II, fig. 380; cf. ATA Run- och bildstenssamlingen 2425:24), in particular regarding the horseman. In the drawing, the horse’s forepart and the equestrian’s lance are incomplete. The horseman’s head, however, is much more detailed, featuring his long hair, eye, and nose. Unlike Lindqvist’s painting, Sörling’s drawing depicts a shield boss, and the outline of the shield crosses the outline of the horse’s back. The second crewman from the right, however, is more detailed in Lindqvist’s interpretation, featuring an eye as well as details of hair and dress. In both interpretations, the outlines of the rudder cross the keel line of the ship. Those intersections are remarkable, as they possibly indicate a kind of preliminary sketch (cf. ibid. I, pp. 42–43; repeatedly Hauck, in particular, 1957b; Eshleman 2000; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 67–68 and passim [regarding Hauck’s research see 68–86, 169–172, 286–287, and passim]). The best examples for such preliminary carvings include GP 162 Halla Broa IV, GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I, GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III, and GP 258 Lärbro Tängelgårda I. The much-weathered left half of the upper panel remains indiscernible, even though Lindqvist tried to trace some scattered parts of the carvings here. Nevertheless, it is probable that it featured the depiction of a woman who welcomed the horseman (cf. other Type C dwarf stones such as GP 162 Halla Broa IV and GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III). \n\nAnother painted version of the stone, a photo of which is kept in ATA (Run- och bildstenssamlingen 1718:41 [Faith-Ell 1933]), presents significantly fewer figures and details than the pictures published in Lindqvist’s book. It appears to represent an obsolete interpretation by Lindqvist. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2208", "value_resource_id": 2208, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2208", "display_title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a1bbec5d51ba0e734796179599db95712073b49d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0162.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2433", "value_resource_id": 2433, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2433", "display_title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/20ebf4feb6626832693622e94b44103744d0d211.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0388.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2304", "value_resource_id": 2304, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2304", "display_title": "GP0258", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/77873047d434a760273ee33746e1e5a43285e370.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0258.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "For the interpretation of the horseman and ship motifs on late type picture stones, see especially GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I, GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII, GP 94 Garda Bote, GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I, GP 212 Klinte Hunninge IV (Klintebys), and GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III. Both motifs, the horseman and ship, are commonly regarded as depicting the deceased’s journey and arrival in the world of the dead." }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2141", "value_resource_id": 2141, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2141", "display_title": "GP0094", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/89d351acb925a49bbbc69ed6cd935473f2384af3.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0094.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "value_resource_id": 2258, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2258", "display_title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Mushroom-shaped late-type ʻdwarf stoneʼ, belonging to ʻAbschnittʼ C according to Lindqvist, who dates those stones to the time around AD 700. Current research, however, tends to date them roughly to between the 8th century (or rather around AD 800) and the 10th century. Lisbeth Imer (2004, p. 104) dates the stone to circa AD 750–900. According to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type dwarf4, which occurs in his periods 4 (Late Vendel Period), 5 (Early Viking Period), and 6 (Middle Viking Period). According to Varenius’ ship typology (1992, pp. 69–74 and appendix 2), the rigging of the ship depiction belongs to his group III (segelskepp med skot i hanfot), which he dates to the 9th or 10th centuries. Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 67) assigns the vessel to his Lillbjärstypus, which occurs frequently on Type C picture stones. However, he even considers the ship to represent a Type D vessel, dating somewhat later (ibid. p. 73). " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 67, 73, 107, fig. 108; II, pp. 60–61, fig. 380; Helmbrecht 2011, p. 470 cat. no. 604. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla, Broa III" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFA2089" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4693", "value_resource_id": 4693, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4693", "display_title": "3D model for GP0161", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0161_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "103" } ], "ai2:limestoneType": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 325, "property_label": "Limestone Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "fine reef debris limestone" } ], "ai2:geologicalGroup": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 326, "property_label": "Geological Group", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinteberg Formation (30%)" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1876 vid järnvägsbygge genom det stora järnåldersgravfältet i Broa i Halla socken. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museum, utställd i Bildstenshallen. \n\nBeskrivning \nEn dvärgsten (typ C), 74 x 48 cm, uppdelad i två bildfält. I det övre bildfältet en ryttare med spjut och sköld, och i det nedre bildfältet vågor och ett skepp med segel, rigg och fem besättningsmän. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men bildstenen tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "shield" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "spear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "torso" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "long hair" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "woman" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6393355" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "696536" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgBJ3WyrDlaKTKjapE9cN4qrAcw02xuJrcyFxWlcMMU91IQ?e=mOZqBB" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2189", "o:title": "GP 143 Halla Broa I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2206", "o:title": "GP 160 Halla Broa II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2213", "o:title": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2126", "o:title": "GP 79 Etelhem Järnvägslinje" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2285", "o:title": "GP 239 Lokrume Tomase I" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2208", "o:title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2433", "o:title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2435", "o:title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4693", "o:title": "3D model for GP0161" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2216", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2216, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 170 Halla kyrka 5", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/f751f5783f8dc1a45b773019f59db2f6e2027116.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/f751f5783f8dc1a45b773019f59db2f6e2027116.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f751f5783f8dc1a45b773019f59db2f6e2027116.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:11+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-23T09:30:14+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3879", "o:id": 3879 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3879", "o:id": 3879 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 170 Halla kyrka 5" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0170" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/c2a59acc-5afd-4cd2-8904-929747f15c8a", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The choir of Halla church. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla kyrka" } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Inside the church, re-used in the floor of the choir." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" }, { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "In-Loco" } ], "ai2:presentLocationNote": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 294, "property_label": "Context Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Norr om altarringen" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment was discovered in the floor of the choir by Beata Böttger-Niedenzu in 1983, together with GP 153 Halla kyrka 2, GP 168 Halla kyrka 3 and GP 169 Halla kyrka 4. In 1982, Böttger-Niedenzu submitted her master’s thesis on Gotland’s picture stones to the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, and during the years 1981 to 1985, she visited the Gotlandic rural churches, discovering not fewer than 38 previously unknown picture stones, which she published in a brief catalogue in 1988. Halla kyrka 5 is placed to the left (i.e., north) of the altar, right next to it. The rectangular fragment’s narrow side borders the altar itself as well as the step in front of it. Halla kyrka 2, Halla kyrka 3 and Halla kyrka 4 are embedded just to the right (i.e., south) of the altar. All four stones are similar in material, technique and condition. Whether they all originate from one and the same monument or not, however, remains uncertain. The Type A picture stone GP 159 Halla kyrka (I) has been re-used as altar slab inside the nave until 1876. \n\nThe oldest part of the present church is the relatively small nave which was built around 1200. The tower is only some decades younger, while the present rectangular choir was erected as late as during the middle of the 14th century. The large Gothic style choir replaces an old Romanesque apsidal choir of which the portal is re-used as tower portal in the present church building. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2199", "value_resource_id": 2199, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2199", "display_title": "GP 153 Halla kyrka 2", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/93694727835001faee7d72ee40f0f95814cf7323.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0153.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2214", "value_resource_id": 2214, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2214", "display_title": "GP 168 Halla kyrka 3" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2215", "value_resource_id": 2215, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2215", "display_title": "GP 169 Halla kyrka 4", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/3f4a27fae2fe24f46df1286f55a351094e95b89e.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0169.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2205", "value_resource_id": 2205, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2205", "display_title": "GP 159 Halla kyrka (I)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7a5a1f21d7510e71f7d6af6d457c46c16d3d03d7.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0159.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The picture stone has been trimmed to roughly rectangular shape, 1.10 m in length and 0.69 m maximum width. The limestone is homogeneously grey and a bit reddish. The surface is a little bit rough but overall relatively even and worn by footsteps. Nevertheless, the lowered background plane and slightly raised figurative elements are still discernable, at least when using side light. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "106" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "66" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "customvocab:10", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "It is difficult to identify the depictions with the naked eye. According to Böttger-Niedenzu’s drawing (1988, fig. 6), the undermost part of a ship’s hull is preserved, directly above a row of at least ten triangles which are rising from a horizontal double line, representing waves of the sea. The double line, which runs across the entire surface in north-south direction, appears to indicate the border between the lowest image panel and the picture-stone’s root part. To the left (north) of the ship, an almost vertical spear-like object is pointing towards the ground. Böttger-Niedenzu (1988, p. 11) regards it as a rudder. Even though this seems to be the most plausible interpretation, it must be stressed that the shape, the position and the orientation of such a spear-like rudder would be very unusual. Compare for instance the completely different rudders on the stones GP 184 Hejnum Riddare, GP 253 Lärbro St. Hammars I, GP 258 Lärbro Tängelgårda I, GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III, GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII and GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III. According to Böttger-Niedenzu (ibid.), there are also remains of four crew members and the rigging discernable, which is difficult to verify and not really visible in her drawing. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2230", "value_resource_id": 2230, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2230", "display_title": "GP 184 Hejnum Riddare", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/34a2b9d36525176944078b6aa9a6e590ac4b20dd.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0184.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2299", "value_resource_id": 2299, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2299", "display_title": "GP 253 Lärbro Stora Hammars I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d633dfb0db357f71c420b161a1e48e1024726ee9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0253", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2304", "value_resource_id": 2304, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2304", "display_title": "GP0258", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/77873047d434a760273ee33746e1e5a43285e370.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0258.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2257", "value_resource_id": 2257, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2257", "display_title": "GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cb5d2c8af425bf47098bed0d220392ad0e0bdcce.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0211.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "The bas-relief, the ship motif and its dimensions as well as the triangular waves indicate a picture stone of Lindqvist’s ʻAbschnittʼ C/D, which can only be roughly dated to between the 8th century and the 10th century. Triangular waves are depicted on, for instance, the Type C/D stones GP 280 När Smiss I, GP 212 Klinte Klintebys, and GP 563 Väte kyrka 2. They do not, however, occur on Type E stones. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2326", "value_resource_id": 2326, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2326", "display_title": "GP 280 När Smiss I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/2a1dc7da59386303aa351e00c9aa65be30cacc36.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0280.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "value_resource_id": 2258, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2258", "display_title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2607", "value_resource_id": 2607, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2607", "display_title": "GP 563 Väte kyrka 2", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c4c06c2a39c57d7799239e1d1fed91d30fc4df58.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0563.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Böttger-Niedenzu 1988, pp. 10–11, fig. 6; Oehrl 2019a, p. 228." } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1977:9793" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Halla 5:2" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4702", "value_resource_id": 4702, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4702", "display_title": "3D model for GP0170", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0170_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "410" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1983 i golvet norr om altaret i kyrkans kor. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nPå samma plats som vid upptäckten 1983. \n\nBeskrivning \nTillhugget fragment av svampformig bildsten (typ C-D), 110 x 69 cm. Nedre delen av en bildsten, med vågor, ett skeppsskrov och ett spjutliknande roder. Oklart om fragmentet hänger samman med Halla kyrka 2-4. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men bildstenen tillhör perioden 700-1000-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "spear" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6379657" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "709471" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6379657" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "709471" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgDRygvI1OrhT5DAcPx2rxBDAWZJxUPAenn7R63koRR0ntk?e=GFY7B2" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2199", "o:title": "GP 153 Halla kyrka 2" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2205", "o:title": "GP 159 Halla kyrka (I)" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2214", "o:title": "GP 168 Halla kyrka 3" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2215", "o:title": "GP 169 Halla kyrka 4" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2213", "o:title": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2111", "o:title": "GP 64 Buttle kyrka" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2616", "o:title": "GP 572 Eksta kyrka" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2111", "o:title": "GP 64 Buttle kyrka" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2142", "o:title": "GP 95 Garda kyrka 7" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2195", "o:title": "GP 149 Halla Broa IX" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2616", "o:title": "GP 572 Eksta kyrka" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4702", "o:title": "3D model for GP0170" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/150", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 150, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2216", "o:id": 2216 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.51092552973716, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.497174288598785, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2230", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2230, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 184 Hejnum Riddare", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/34a2b9d36525176944078b6aa9a6e590ac4b20dd.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/34a2b9d36525176944078b6aa9a6e590ac4b20dd.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/34a2b9d36525176944078b6aa9a6e590ac4b20dd.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:12+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-23T09:38:37+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4222", "o:id": 4222 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4222", "o:id": 4222 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 184 Hejnum Riddare" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0184" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/f3aeb159-79f5-4949-b01c-d76ba53fb688", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "At the edge of an agricultural field about 600 m north-east of the farmstead ʻRiddare gårdʼ in Hejnum parish, circa 200 m south of the road Bjärs–Riddare, in its original location. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Landscape" }, { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "In situ" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hejnum" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hejnum Riddare" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Ursprunglig plats. Stenen rest av FN 1887 i sina stödstenar." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hejnum" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "In situ" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Landscape" }, { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "In situ" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Ute" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The stone was mentioned by Per Arvid Säve in his Berättelser (1864 p. 107) och Samlingar (vol. I, p. 364). More early records are collected by Gustavson/Snædal 2013, p. 30. Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 72) notes: “This picture stone is located at the eastern edge of a field, 150 m south-southeast of the most north-western point of the road Bjärs–Riddare before it turns from its general western direction to a purely southern one […]. In 1830 and during the following decades, the stone was in a recumbent position, but was re-erected in 1887 by [Fredrik Nordin] in its original place. During an excavation around the stone’s root, stones were observed that served to secure the picture stone in the ground, but no evidence of a burial was discovered” (cf. Nordin 1903, p. 151). The Hejnum Bjärs cemetery is situated circa 700 m north-east of the stone. " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, up to 30 cm thick and overall 3.25 m high. The height above ground is 3 m (391 cm between the tip and the lower edge of the decoration). Width of the head 147 cm, of the neck 130 cm, at the base 175 cm. Width of the ship 126 cm; its height between the keel to the yardarm 105 cm. The obverse is even throughout, the narrow sides are rounded towards the back, the reverse is rough and unworked” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 72). In the 1976 inventory it was recorded that the stone tilted towards the south-southeast. In 1993, however, it was set upright again, and in 1994 several spallings were repaired (RIKs no. 1606-3026-3038). The slab is severely weathered and overgrown with lichens. Otherwise, it is undamaged and represents an entirely preserved mushroom-shaped monument. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "325" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "175" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "30" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 72) notes: “The decorations consist of chiselled lines and sunken background fields around the figures. The figural imagery is constituted, as far as can be established, by a large ship with rounded, towering stems and a rudder on the left, at starboard. In the stern, at least three and probably five spears are standing, slightly leaning outwards. The ship has a rectangular sail with a rhombic pattern that continues downwards in the sheet ropes. A rope hangs from the middle of the sail’s rear vertical edge. Below the ship, there are waves, four of which are shown with uniformly stylised crests, with probably a fifth foam-crested wave under the stern post; under the stern post, there is also a symbol made up of three triangles.” \n\nThe depictions observed by Lindqvist are documented by photos of the painted stone taken by Harald Faith-Ell in 1937 (Lindqvist 1942/42 I, figs. 79–80). Surprisingly, Lindqvist does neither mention the 13-person crew on board (most of which seem to be armed with a shield) nor the animal head on the top of the stem, which are depicted in his photo. Sörling’s drawing is less detailed than Lindqvist’s painting; in particular, the entire crew is missing here (ibid. II, fig. 417). Some early photos taken by Ture Carlsson in 1927 depict the erected stone without paint, overgrown with lichens, and without any discernible carvings (ATA Run- och bildstenssamling 816:64; dnr 3024/27). " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "For the interpretation of triple-symbols and ship depictions on late-type picture stones see, in particular, GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall mushroom-shaped late-type picture stone, belonging to ʻAbschnittʼ C according to Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 44). Lindqvist dates those stones to around AD 700. He assigns Hejnum Riddare to his ʻLärbrogruppeʼ (ibid. pp. 44, 47). Lori Eshleman (1983) argues that the stones of this group had been strongly influenced by the art of the Carolingian Renaissance and thus must be dated to the period between AD 790 and 840. Current research, however, tends to date the Type C/D stones roughly to between the 8th century and the 10th century. According to Rundkvist’s typology (2012, p. 159), the stone belongs to the outline type ʻtall4ʼ, which he dates to the Middle Viking Period. Varenius (1992, appendix 2), based on his analysis of the ship’s rigging (group IV segelskepp med skotnät), dates it to the 10th century. Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 71–72) regards the vessel on Hejnum Riddare as one of the most typical ship representations of the Lärbro group (“Langschiffe vom Lärbrotypus”). The preserved runes, an i-rune and a k-rune (see VIII), cannot be used as indication for a more precise dating, as they only indicate a younger futhark inscription (in use from about AD 700). " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "Yes" } ], "ai2:runicInscription": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 286, "property_label": "Runic Inscription", "is_public": true, "@value": "Only two runes of the inscription (G 248) are preserved: \n…ik… " } ], "ai2:runicContextComments": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 72) notes: “In the 4.5 cm high border just above the ship’s sail, there are the scarce remains of a runic inscription. Prof. O. v. Friesen announced that these runes were unknown to him.” It seems that Lindqvist was the first one who observed the characters. They are not considered in Olof Sörling’s drawing from 1911 (ibid. fig. 417) but only visible in Lindqvist’s photo of the painted stone (ibid. I, fig. 80; taken by H. Faith-Ell in 1937; cf. ATA Run- och bildstenssamling)." } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Nordin 1903, p. 151; Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 47, 71–73, 75, 94, figs. 79–80; II, p. 72, fig. 417; Varenius 1992, pp. 53, 82, fig. 47; Rundkvist 2012, pp. 157, 159, fig. 5b; Andreeff 2012, pp. 130, 143; Gustavson/Snædal 2013, pp 30–32; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 12, 34, 259. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1976:1948" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hejnum 40:1" } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hejnum, Riddare" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4716", "value_resource_id": 4716, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4716", "display_title": "3D model for GP0184", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0184_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "138" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen noterades första gången 1830, stående i kanten av en åker, omkring 600 m nordost om gården Riddare. Eftersom den började luta allt mer restes den upp 1994. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStår på ursprunglig plats. \n\nBeskrivning \nStor svampformig bildsten (period C/D), 3,25 m hög och största bredd 1,75 m. På nedre delen av bildstenen vågor, ett stort skepp med segel, en stående besättning med sköldar och spjut stående i aktern. Under styråran en symbol med tre trianglar. \n\nInskrift \nPå ett band över skeppet spår av runor. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "spear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "shield" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "valknut" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "animal" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "head" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6400582" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "715721" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6400582" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "715721" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgBW4hfCaAtHTKT9lkOvhuwbAaeJlUhC0kX6vpRiRc8fmWk?e=a54xtG" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2111", "o:title": "GP 64 Buttle kyrka" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2216", "o:title": "GP 170 Halla kyrka 5" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2580", "o:title": "GP 536 Vallstena kyrka" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2111", "o:title": "GP 64 Buttle kyrka" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4716", "o:title": "3D model for GP0184" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/159", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 159, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2230", "o:id": 2230 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.69558206711017, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.619905194257285, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2257", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2257, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/cb5d2c8af425bf47098bed0d220392ad0e0bdcce.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/cb5d2c8af425bf47098bed0d220392ad0e0bdcce.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cb5d2c8af425bf47098bed0d220392ad0e0bdcce.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:12+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-23T09:58:48+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4242", "o:id": 4242 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4242", "o:id": 4242 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0211" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "A gravel pit on the property of Hunninge farm (?) in Klinte parish. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Private Property" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinte" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinte Hunninge" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Påträffades i kanten av en liten grusgrop, (Fyndplatsen uppritad, se originalkatalog C. HNR: 7116), Enligt uppgift av Ture Karlsson. Detta enligt katalog Fornsalen." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "According to Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 80), the picture stone GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I was “[…] found in the 1860s during the tillage of a field in Hunninge (Lättstain), a farm belonging to Loggarve, where it is supposed to have been lying together with [Klinte Hunninge] II. From there, the stone [no. I] was transferred to the park in Klintebys, where it still stood in July 1941”, while [stone no. II] “[…] was transported to the outer edge of Klinteberget, just northeast of the church, where it remains to this day” (ibid. 81). GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III “[…] was found at the edge of a small gravel pit just southwest of the estate of Arvid Lerberg to the north of the highway Klinte-Visby […] and was donated to [Gotlands Fornsal]” (ibid.). The find year is not given by Lindqvist. Regarding Klinte Hunninge IV (Klintebys), he notes that “[i]n 1934, this picture stone has been for an unknown number of years in the garden of Klintebys, where it leans against the wall of the local park. It appears natural to suppose that this stone came from Hunninge, also, but no details about its origins could be established” (ibid.). Therefore, Lindqvist calls the stone ʻKlinte sockenʼ (parish, Klinte Kirchspiel), while Jan Peder Lamm listed it as ʻKlinte Hunninge IVʼ. Later, the stone was re-erected, several meters in front of the wall, anchored in the ground with small stones and concrete. \n\nAccording to a report by Ture Carlsson and a letter by David Rosvall to the National Antiquarian from 1930 (ATA dnr 4546-30, 4794-30), picture stone no. III was registered by Carlsson in the same year and taken from Lerbergʼs garden (see also Svenska Dagbladet 1930-12-15). Carlsson also notes that no. IV was said to have been discovered ‘one year ago’ at the very same spot. He also mentions that in previous times two more stones (i.e., nos. I and II) had been found at approximately the same place. From there, as Rosvall assumes, they both were transported to a field, afterwards re-used as bridge stones, and a lifetime later placed in Klintebys park. In the 1965 inventory about the monuments in Klinte parish (ATA), it is noted that the stones nos. I, II, and IV probably originated from land owned by Klintebys farm, which, however, was situated in the area of Hunninge gård (farm), where they had been re-used as bridge stones over a ditch, before they were transferred to the park in Klintebys (“Sägas flyttats från Klintebys ägor å Hunninge, där de uppgivas ha legat som brostenar över diken”). In the 1927 inventory of monuments in Klinte parish (Förteckning över Klinte sockens fasta fornlämningar) kept in ATA, I and II are mentioned as still being situated in Klintebys park. \n\nConsequently, the object biography of the four stones is confusing and their original find spots are impossible to determine. Stone no. I was transferred to Gotlands Museum after the publication of Lindqvistʼs book, no. II is still standing on Klinteberget, no. III is kept in the museumʼs storage in Visborg, and no. IV is still standing in Klintebys park. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2256", "value_resource_id": 2256, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2256", "display_title": "GP 210 Klinte Hunninge II (Klinteberget)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c485b40065f70540d2e73913c274e8ef5773688c.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0210.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "value_resource_id": 2258, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2258", "display_title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment represents the left part of a mushroom-shaped picture stoneʼs neck and a small part of its head including the headʼs left corner. “Limestone slab, 10–12 cm thick. The obverse is almost flat, it probably is naturally smooth, but weathered. The surviving piece of the left narrow side is 44 cm long and dressed at right angles towards the obverse, with a 2.5 cm wide step between head and body. The reverse is rough. The fragment represents 55 cm of the height and 43 cm of the width of the original stone” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 81). The decoration is distinctly carved “[…] with about 2 mm wide lines with rounded bases and background fields that have been chiselled up to 1 mm deep” (ibid.). It is still very well-preserved. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "55" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "43" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "12" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Above the horizontal border, a row of three raised triangles can be seen as well as on each side of them the hoof of a horse with clearly marked notch [i.e., hair] (representing the horse’s hind legs in the large image of horse and rider). The distance between the hooves’ tips is 18 cm. Below the horizontal border (see IX), one perceives (apart from more raised triangles) part of a ship with a straight sternpost that is abruptly cut off at the lower edge of the sail. The ship has a sail with rhombic pattern (but without surrounding frame) on a wide mast that is supported by a stay attached high up on the stem. This stay reaches the mast at a point just below the sail’s upper edge, while its counterpart to the other stem was attached slightly lower. In the ship’s stern, behind the rudder attached to the starboard, sits a man with clearly recognisable nose, beard, and neck hair, holding a shield. In front of him sits another man above whose head a sword(?) protrudes diagonally backwards. This man, too, has a shield. The shields’ lower edges are at about the same level as the railing. In front of the mast, there probably is the tip of another sword(?), which is pointing diagonally up and back just as the one mentioned before. \n\nThe last-mentioned element, the sword tip in front of the mast, is not at all discernible in the photo of the painted stone published by Lindqvist himself (1941/42 I, fig. 132; cf. ATA run- och bildstenssamling B3:44a [photo by H. Faith-Ell 1937]). In the photos of the unpainted carvings (ibid. fig. 133; cf. ATA 1718:32, 1751:25b) as well as on the original stone surface, it can only be guessed at and remains speculative. The sword rising above the head of the foremost crewman seems like part of the headgear – at least according to the paint (cf. Oehrl 2019a, fn. 2124, considering a horn-like headdress in profile). In fact, however, the “sword” and the figureʼs head appear to be separated from each other. A photo taken in 1930 only incompletely depicts the outlines of the raised elements as well as the carved lines traced with white paint (ATA run- och bildstenssamling, photo belonging to dnr 4546-30). " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Regarding the eschatological interpretation of the ship motif in the iconography of the Viking Period Gotlandic picture stones see in particular GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall mushroom-shaped late-type picture stone, i.e., Type C/D according to Lindqvistʼs typology. Those monuments can only be roughly dated to the period between the 8th century (or rather around AD 800) and circa 1000. Lindqvist, however, assigns Klinte Hunninge III to his ʻAbschnittʼ D, which he separates from the monuments of ʻAbschnittʼ C (1941/42 I, p. 50). According to Lindqvist, the Type C stones are dating to around AD 700, the small group of Type D monuments, however, to the second half of the 8th century (ibid. p. 121). In the case of Hunninge III, he regards the border decoration as decisive. The horizontal border, representing wing-shaped or tendril-like elements, corresponds, as Lindqvist states (ibid.), to decoration in Salinʼs Style III, indicating a date of origin after AD 750. The unusual pattern of the vertical border is traced back by Lindqvist to ancient Roman conventions, which may have been reintroduced during the Carolingian Renaissance, which means around AD 800 (ibid.). Furthermore, Lindqvist holds the view that the unusual location of the sailing ship in the upper part of the stoneʼs body indicates the influence of the Type C monument GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I on the masonry of Hunninge III that therefore must have been carved later (ibid.). Lindqvistʼs conclusions are considered not convincing. \n\nVarenius (1992) assigns the ship depiction of Hunninge III (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 68: Segelfahrzeuge vom Hunningetypus) to his group 2 (enkel rigg), which he dates to the period between the 7th and the 9th century. According to Imerʼs chronological reassessment of the Gotlandic picture stones of Type C/D, Hunninge III must be dated to circa AD 750–900. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 50, 68, 70, 73, 121, fig. 132–133; II, p. 81; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 227–228, 242, pl. 275c. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinte, Hunninge III" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC7116" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4743", "value_resource_id": 4743, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4743", "display_title": "3D model for GP0211", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0211_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "155" } ], "ai2:limestoneType": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 325, "property_label": "Limestone Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "coarse reef debris limestone" } ], "ai2:geologicalGroup": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 326, "property_label": "Geological Group", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinteberg Formation (30%)" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nPåträffades före 1930 i kanten av ett grustag norr om vägen Klinte-Visby. Enligt brev från 1930 påträffades GP 212 Klinte Hunninge IV på samma plats 1929. Troligen kommer även GP 209-10 Klinte Hunninge I-II från samma område. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museum, magasinet på Visborgsslätt. \n\nBeskrivning \nFragment av en stor svampformig bildsten (period CD), bevarad höjd 55 cm och bredd 43 cm. I ett övre bildfält tre trianglar och i nedre bildfält delar av ett skepp med segel med mast. I aktern sitter en man som håller ett svärd och framför honom ytterligare en sittande man. \n\nDatering \nDateringen oklar, men den tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "value_resource_id": 2258, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2258", "display_title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2256", "value_resource_id": 2256, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2256", "display_title": "GP 210 Klinte Hunninge II (Klinteberget)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c485b40065f70540d2e73913c274e8ef5773688c.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0210.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "hoof" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "beard" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "hair" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "nose" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "shield" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sword" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "headgear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "triangle" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgBIlIPHzfm2SZTOPpv-hAbkARbNnsZIRNtoI_uxvyVOjcA?e=AnSpEe" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2256", "o:title": "GP 210 Klinte Hunninge II (Klinteberget)" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2258", "o:title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2142", "o:title": "GP 95 Garda kyrka 7" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2607", "o:title": "GP 563 Väte kyrka 2" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2216", "o:title": "GP 170 Halla kyrka 5" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2231", "o:title": "GP 185 Hejnum Rings" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2258", "o:title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4743", "o:title": "3D model for GP0211" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2294", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2294, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 248 Lärbro Källstäde", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/9245c42641d553334544ddbfa82aa6106e8fab2e.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/9245c42641d553334544ddbfa82aa6106e8fab2e.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/9245c42641d553334544ddbfa82aa6106e8fab2e.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:13+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-23T10:29:33+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4268", "o:id": 4268 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4268", "o:id": 4268 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 248 Lärbro Källstäde" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0248" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Probably one of the small grave fields near the farmsteads of Källstäde, Lärbro parish. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" }, { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Agricultural Field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lärbro" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lärbro Källstäde" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Återfunnen på åker där också en del hällkistor fanns.." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM Storage" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "There is little information about the find circumstances given in the catalogues of Statens Historiska Museum in Stockholm (cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 89): The stone was discovered in an agricultural field in which many stone settings with cists made of flat stone slabs had been found. The cists contained remains of uncremated skeletons. The actual find spot is unclear. However, the slab probably originates from one of the many (groups of) stone settings and small burial grounds (RAÄ Lärbro 232:1, 238:1, 241:1) in the proximity of the two farmsteads Lilla Källstäde and Stora Källstäde. The slab was donated to SHM in 1868 by the fabricant A. Bolinder. It was mentioned in Per Arvid Säveʼs Berättelser (1864, p. 337). In a drawing of the monument by Säve kept in Uppsala University Library (P.A. Säves techningar från Gotland, Lärbro no. 22, alvin-record186725), however, it is noted that it was found by Bolinder in 1865. The find was published in the newspaper Dagbladet 1869-01-05. " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, about 7 cm thick. The obverse is even, the narrow sides hewn at right angles towards the obverse. In between, there is an insignificant chamfer. The reverse is rough and unworked” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 89). The small picture stone is almost completely preserved. However, most of the root as well as the lower-right corner of the base are broken off. As can be seen from Per Arvid Säveʼs drawing (see IV), the stone slab was found together with a large broken part of the root, which is now lost. Including the remaining part of the root, the slab is about 1.40 m high. The decorated part of the slab is circa 1.05 m high. Between the corners of the head the stone is 0.7 m wide. The surface is weathered, in particular in the top field, but the quite distinctively carved main parts of the imagery are still well-discernible. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "140" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "70" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "7" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "The carvings are described by Lindqvist as follows (1941/42 II, p. 89): “On the whole, this stone is decorated with 1–2 mm wired, shallow lines. Also, the background fields were mostly chiseled. Inside of the framing border with a simplified two-stranded band pattern, there is a watercraft at the bottom of the panel, with steep, towering stems, of which at least the rear one is coiled in a spiral. The ship features a rudder and a square sail with checkered sailcloth in a frame of consistent width. Above the vessel, an object can be perceived that is difficult to interpret ([Fredrik Nordin] called it an axe, but if so, it likely is a double-edged axe). Probably, however, this is the depiction of a harp (cf. the well-known examples from Oberflacht) [cf. ibid. I, p. 88]. Further up, the vague remains of a symmetrical group of figures or ornaments may be made out.” Lindqvist only provides a photo of the unpainted stone, dating to 1933 (cf. ATA 1719:28, 2437:3–4). All described elements are well-discernable here. In the unpublished drawings by Säve (see IV) and Sörling (1911), ATA run- och bildstenssamling), the main elements are included as well. \n\nThe “symmetrical group of figures or ornaments” probably represents a pair of serpent-like creatures. The more-or-less axe-like object above the vessel, the right half of which probably features a rectangular opening and thus forms a kind of frame (as can also be seen on both drawings), can surely be regarded as a stringed instrument, a lyre (not a harp). Archaeological evidence for lyres of this sort is known from the 2nd to the 8th/9th centuries and has been found particularly in England, Germany, and the Netherlands (Bruce-Mitford 1983, pp. 611–727; Betz/Wanzeck 1999; Kolltveit 2000; Bischop 2002; Koch 2004). Most prominent are, for example, the complete instruments from the Alemannic row grave fields of Oberflacht (6th and first quarter of the 7th c.) (Paulsen 1992, pp. 147–155; figs. 126–127) and Trossingen (burial dated to AD 580) (Theune-Großkopf 2002; 2005; 2006; 2010), from a Frankish burial of high status underneath St. Severin in Cologne (early 8th c.) (Päffgen 1992 I, pp. 481–485; figs. 169–170; II, pp. 280–284; III, pl. 59:5), as well as the Anglo-Saxon royal burial at Sutton Hoo (7th c. [AD 624/625?]) (Bruce-Mitford 1970; 1983, pp. 611–727). There also are lyres or their components from the North (Bischop 2002): a bridge of a lyre was found at Birka (9th c.) (Salmen 1970, p. 8, fig. 1:3), a lyre yoke in Hedeby (11th c.) (Lawson 1984), and two fragments of bridges at Wurt Elisenhof near Tönning (8th c.) (Salmen 1970, pp. 7–8; fig. 1:4; pl. 3,1–2). From Gotland, two examples are known: an amber bridge from the ‘chief’s grave’ at Broa in Halla parish (8th c.) (Reimers 1980) and a bronze bridge from Gerete, Fardhem parish (Vedin 2007). \n\nAnother depiction of a lyre can be seen on the Type C/D picture stone fragment GP 34 Boge Laxarve 2 – the fragmented, more-or-less rectangular object with vertical stripes at the ship’s bow must be regarded as a stringed instrument. Apparently, the musical instrument is carried along in a war ship. \n\nIn the 1950s, Karl Hauck examined Lärbro Källstäde by means of a latex cast and tried to detect further carvings. His drawing of the stone (which he never published) documents several astonishing results – sun symbols in the corners of the head, a human figure with splayed legs (comparable to the figure on GP 281 När Smiss 3) in the top field, a pair of giant serpents, and two warriors, one with horned headgear and one with a wolfʼs head (as on the Vendel Period Pressblech plates from Torslunda, Öland) on both sides of the ship (Oehrl 2019a, pl. 35d). In 2010, Laila Kitzler Åhfeldt and Sigmund Oehrl checked Hauckʼs results on the basis of 3D modelling. Actually, some faint and scattered remains of further carvings to the right and to the left of the vessel could be verified (ibid. pls. 62c–f). However, the great majority of elements added by Hauck are without foundation and must be rejected (ibid. pp. 94, 286, 288). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2081", "value_resource_id": 2081, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2081", "display_title": "GP 34 Boge Laxarve 2", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1d99613c087fb6dce266610f1c529e77300c50a5.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0034.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2327", "value_resource_id": 2327, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2327", "display_title": "GP 281 När Smiss 3", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7f4fc9d6b1b4a8a3349e76bc462a8ff85a1d3e2b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0281.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation. However, Oehrl stresses that the lyre had its Sitz im Leben (context) within the lifestyle of a martial aristocracy, associated with heroic poetry. More comprehensively: Oehrl 2019a, pp. 259–262. " } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Middle-type picture stone, i.e., Type B according to Lindqvist, dating to between AD 500 and 700. The stone belongs to the group of Type B stones with convex head and pronounced corners, which protrude horizontally. With a height of 105 cm above ground, the slab represents one of the tallest Type B picture stones and cannot really be called a dwarf stone. Lindqvist does not assign the monument to a certain group. Varenius (1992, p. 63, appendix 2) assigns the ship depiction on Lärbro Källstäde to his group 2 (enkel rigg), which he dates to the period between the 7th and the 9th century. According to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012, p. 159) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type dwarf2, belonging to his period 2, which he dates to the Early Vendel Period. The archaeological evidence for lyres of the depicted kind is known from the 2nd to the 8th/9th centuries (see VI). " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" }, { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "B (ca. 500-700)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 66, 73, 88, fig. 43; II, p. 89; Lund 1981, p. 255; Henschen-Nyman 1984; Varenius 1992, p. 63, fig. 27; Kolltveit 2000, p. 19, fig. 1; Gustavson 2008, p. 37, fig. 1; Guber 2011, p. 134 cat. no. 50; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 74, 94, 228, 260, 286, 288, pls. 35d, 62c–f, 63a–b. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lärbro, Källstäde" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4780", "value_resource_id": 4780, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4780", "display_title": "3D model for GP0248", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0248_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "176" } ], "ai2:shmID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 311, "property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "4051" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nPåträffades 1865 i en åker med många stensättningar nära gården Källstäde. Donerades till Statens historiska museum 1868. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStatens Historiska Museum, magasinet i Tumba. \n\nBeskrivning \nHelt bevarad dvärgsten (period B), 140 cm hög och som bredast 70 cm. Kantdekor och på den nedre delen av stenen ett skepp med segel. Över skeppet ett svårdefinierat föremål, kanske en lyra, samt några ormlika varelser. \n\nDatering \nDateringen oklar, men den tillhör perioden 500-600-talen. \n\nTolkning \nLyrmotivet kan knytas till heroisk skaldediktning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "lyre" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "axe" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "serpent (and see note)" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6581391" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "675775" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgCwpsavw1UKT5JxC3kWwBMMAVFp8jH8BkAP6prBB-l-mYU?e=8N8Dgt" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2081", "o:title": "GP 34 Boge Laxarve 2" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2227", "o:title": "GP 181 Hejdeby Råby" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2238", "o:title": "GP 192 Hejnum Mallgårds 2" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2272", "o:title": "GP 226 Källunge kyrka 8" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2081", "o:title": "GP 34 Boge Laxarve 2" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4780", "o:title": "3D model for GP0248" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2384", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2384, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 339 Rute St. Valle 2", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/f2f482480f543f7cf6b285590bbf8cb7c420d43e.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/f2f482480f543f7cf6b285590bbf8cb7c420d43e.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f2f482480f543f7cf6b285590bbf8cb7c420d43e.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:15+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-23T12:00:40+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3959", "o:id": 3959 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3959", "o:id": 3959 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3177", "o:id": 3177 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 339 Rute St. Valle 2" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0339" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "St. Valle, Rute parish, in a medieval house foundation (RAÄ Rute 23:2). " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Medieval Construction" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Rute" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Rute Stora Valle" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Funnen i källargången enligt föremålskatalogen GF!" } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment was found in 1940 during excavations performed at a medieval house foundation called Munkkällaren (monk’s cellar) in St. Valle, Rute parish, near Valleviken in the North of Gotland (RAÄ Rute 23). However, it is not discussed in Lindqvist 1941/42 and it is not clearly registered in Lamm/Nylén 2003. The stone was “funnen i källargången” (found in the cellar passage). Apparently, it was re-used as building material in the medieval house. In addition, a complete type C stone (ca 1.90 m high) without any remains of carved pictures was found then, lying in front of the entrance to the house. This complete stone (GP 337 Rute St. Valle 1) was re-erected at the find spot and still stands there today. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2382", "value_resource_id": 2382, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2382", "display_title": "GP 337 Rute St. Valle 1", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/6415fa210aa9f136b71036b4d464c24ed01664fe.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GF_Rute_sn_St_Valle_koncnr_529-41_Gunnar_Svahnström_1941.pdf", "thumbnail_type": "application/pdf" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "Small piece of a 0.10 m thick stone slab, about 0.36 m wide and 0.29 m high. Made of relatively homogeneous limestone without bigger inclusions. The fragment represents a slab’s lower right part, approximately 15% of a relatively small monument (so called dwarf stone?). It has a distinct and well-preserved bas-relief, about 1–2 mm deep. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "33" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "37" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "10" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "The relief features remain of an unusual rhombus-patterned border at its right side and the stern of a small ship at the left side. The ship’s hull has an almost rectangular shape. Only one man of the crew, looking to the left, can be seen. The lower part of the mast and the rudder are preserved. At the bottom right of the ship, between ship and border, approximately in the lower centre of the fragment, a stylized wave is depicted. A horned man appears to hover behind the stern of the ship, just above the wave. The figure can be seen in frontal view, with legs and arms slightly stretched sideways. Presumably, the man with huge horned headgear is touching the stern with his hand. Possibly, there are remains of a spear which the horned man is throwing into the ship. However, this detail remains unclear. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The horned man is a rare feature in the iconography of the Gotland picture stones. Possibly, there are two more stones depicting this motif, on GP 103 Garda Smiss II and GP 110 Gothem kyrka III. On the Rute fragment, he hovers behind the stern of a ship, on the waves of the sea, similar to the horned eidolon-figure (Greek spirit-image) who on the Vendel period helmet plates assists the equestrian in throwing his spear, as a kind of divine helper in battle, inspired by Roman depictions of the numen victoriae (Hauck 1981). \n\nThe motif on the Vendel plates can be connected to Old Norse written sources (Beck 1964, pp. 31–45) like the Skaldic poem Gráfeldardrápa (stanza 12) written by Glúmr Geirason (after 974), which conveys that the gods guide or steer (stýra) the heroes on the battle field (Finnur Jónsson 1912–1915 A I, p. 78; B I, p. 68; Whaley 2012, p. 262). In the Eddic poem Hlǫðskviða stanza 28 (probably 9th century) the King of the Goths invokes Óðinn, god of war and father of the fallen, to steer his throwing spear (láti svá Óðinn flein fliúga – Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 309). That the Vendel and Viking period depictions of horned warriors (the corpus is gathered by Helmbrecht 2011, pp. 140–146) can actually represent the god Wodan/Óðinn (detailed, with literature and sources: Oehrl 2017; Oehrl 2019, pp. 233–242) seems to be shown by the fact that some of them are one-eyed, like the so-called weapon dancer on one of the Torslunda models (Arrhenius/Freij 1992, p. 76, fig. 6; Helmbrecht 2011, p. 168). Óðinn is described as one-eyed in Skaldic and Eddic poetry since the 10th century. The horned and one-eyed figure from Torslunda is accompanied by a warrior with a wolf-like animal mask, reminiscent of the úlfheðnar – animal warriors mentioned in early Skaldic poetry who, according to Snorri Sturlusson’s Ynglinga saga (cap. 6 – Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson 1941, p. 17) are closely linked to the god Óðinn (Samson 2011; 2020). \n\nWith this background, it seems likely that the hovering horned figure behind the ship on the Rute fragment also represents a deity, probably the god Wodan/Óðinn. As on the helmet plates he could be regarded as a divine helper, accompanying and protecting the crew, like a kind of helping spirit. Alternatively, the god of the fallen heroes could in this case be considered as a psychopomp guiding the ship of the dead and escorting the deceased through their afterlife journey. According to Finngálkn í Jómsborg (Finnur Jónsson 1912–1915 A I, pp. 186–187; B I, p. 176) and Grímnismál stanza. 8 (Neckel/Kuhn 1983, 58–59), Óðinn is choosing the fallen. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2150", "value_resource_id": 2150, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2150", "display_title": "GP 103 Garda Smiss II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f7e543b80cc7a85e1ca3d476fbc7deee78b2b9a8.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0103.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2157", "value_resource_id": 2157, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2157", "display_title": "GP0110", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e54dae2855d87c57f67fb4d382e3dcaf6d45ac21.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0110.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Presumably, the fragment belongs to a small C/D stone; however, it is not possible to determine its type with certainty. The stone’s shape is lost; small ships with only a few crew members and those with an almost rectangular hull occur on B and C/D stones as well, and the rhombus pattern of the border is very unusual; a parallel could be GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I. However, in this case the rhombus pattern is much coarser. The motif of a man with horned headgear is preserved on different objects dating to the 6th through 10th centuries. Concerning the dating of the Rute fragment, it can only be stated that the stone must have been carved during the 8th to 10th centuries. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Unclear" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Oehrl 2016b; Oehrl 2017a; Oehrl 2017b, 108–110, fig. 12; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 227–245, pls. 275a, 276a–283b, 287a–b; Oehrl 2019b, pp. 143–144, fig. 2. " } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC9212_20" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4870", "value_resource_id": 4870, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4870", "display_title": "3D model for GP0339", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0339_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "366" } ], "ai2:limestoneType": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 325, "property_label": "Limestone Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "coarse reef debris limestone" } ], "ai2:geologicalGroup": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 326, "property_label": "Geological Group", "is_public": true, "@value": "Slite Group (80%)" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nHittad 1940 i en medeltida husgrund kallad Munkkällaren i Stora Valle, Rute socken. Funnen i källargången. \n\nNuvarande förvaringsplats \nGotlands Museum, Magasin Visborg. \n\nBeskrivning \nLitet fragment (ca. 36 cm x 29.5 cm), ornerat med figurer och bård i tunn relief. Bakre delen av ett skepp med enstaka besättningsmedlem. Där bakom en svävande behornad mansfigur. Utmed kanten en bård med rombmönster. \n\nDatering \nKan inte anges med säkerhet; 700-talet eller mellan omkring år 800 och 900-talet e.Kr. (vikingatid). \n\nTolkning \nMansfigurer med horn respektive hornhjälm förekommer ofta i vikingatidens och vendeltidens konst. Motiven brukar tolkas som guden Oden. I fornnordisk litteratur bestämmer Oden vilka krigare som skall komma till Valhall. På den här stenen eskorterar han kanske fallna krigare på dödsskeppet på vägen till dödsriket. Två ytterligare behornade figurer är troligen avbildade på GP 103 Garda Smiss II och GP 110 Gothem kyrka III. \n\nSO " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2150", "value_resource_id": 2150, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2150", "display_title": "GP 103 Garda Smiss II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f7e543b80cc7a85e1ca3d476fbc7deee78b2b9a8.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0103.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2157", "value_resource_id": 2157, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2157", "display_title": "GP0110", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e54dae2855d87c57f67fb4d382e3dcaf6d45ac21.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0110.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "spear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "headgear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horn" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgCd-1X3p8KjQ6Yw9sjv5ORpARhmqn0KTznTVi8Q0aG9uXs?e=pzmgPd" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2382", "o:title": "GP 337 Rute St. Valle 1" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2081", "o:title": "GP 34 Boge Laxarve 2" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2150", "o:title": "GP 103 Garda Smiss II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2473", "o:title": "GP 428 Stenkyrka kyrka 46" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2435", "o:title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2231", "o:title": "GP 185 Hejnum Rings" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2150", "o:title": "GP 103 Garda Smiss II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2081", "o:title": "GP 34 Boge Laxarve 2" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4870", "o:title": "3D model for GP0339" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2430", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2430, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 385 Stenkyrka kyrka 10", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/688863f79fca6e2ee2def5ee0d7372a496203243.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/688863f79fca6e2ee2def5ee0d7372a496203243.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/688863f79fca6e2ee2def5ee0d7372a496203243.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:17+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-24T08:37:28+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4358", "o:id": 4358 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4358", "o:id": 4358 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 385 Stenkyrka kyrka 10 " } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0385" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka church" } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka kyrka" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Påträffad vid restaurering av kyrkan" } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Visby" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Visby Airport" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Other" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment was found in Stenkyrka church, where it had been re-used as building material. More information about the actual find location and kind of re-use is not available. In his book “Gotlands Bildsteine”, Sune Lindqvist (1941/42 II, pp. 115–118) lists nine picture stones from Stenkyrka church. By contrast, the list put together by Jan Peder Lamm in 2003 contains no fewer than 40 new discoveries (Lamm/Nylén 2003, nos. 238–276, 425, 426). Many of the new finds from the church were discovered during a large-scale restoration, which was carried out in 1954/55 according to plans by the architect Rolf Bergh. Stenkyrka kyrka 10 was also found on this occasion, in 1955. Today, the stone is on display in the arrival hall of Visby Airport. \n\nThe earliest church at this place was probably a wooden building that was replaced by a stone church in the first half of the twelfth century. The foundations of the first stone church have been discovered beneath the floor of the current church, which was built during the thirteenth century. The nave was erected shortly after the dedication of the choir in 1255, the new tower between 1280 and 1310 (on the building’s architectural history, see Roosval 1911, pp. 84–86; 1914, pp. 1–52, esp. 21–24; Lagerlöf/Svahnström 1991, pp. 239–243). The unusually large number of stones found not only in the church but in the entire parish is an indicator of the political and religious position that Stenkyrka probably already held even before the first church was built (see Roosval 1914, p. 5). " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The limestone slab is 1.44 m high and 0.70 m wide between the protruding corners of the head. The mushroom-shaped monument is almost completely preserved and undamaged; only a small part of the root is broken off at an angle at the bottom. The obverse is relatively flat and well-preserved. However, the head field is somewhat uneven and more weathered. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "144" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "70" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "customvocab:10", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "The bas-relief depictions were secondarily repainted after the discovery of the stone; a corresponding photograph (neg. no. XV:440) is preserved in the old catalogue of Gotlands Fornsal (kartoteket). The following can be taken from the photo: The obverse is divided into two picture panels, a head field and a lower field. The lower field shows, on a row of six waves turned to the left, a sailing ship with a chequered sail. The sail’s upper framing line separates the ship image from the head field. The hull of the ship is box-shaped, with vertically ascending stems tapering to a point at the top. On the ship, apparently standing with their feet on the railing, three crew members are depicted facing left, one to the left of the mast and two to the right. While the figure on the far right remains extremely unclear (perhaps he is seated holding the rudder that extends from the hull at the bottom right), the other two men are clearly visible. They have long, pony-tailed hair and are each holding a sheet rope in their hands, which is connected to the lower framing line of the sail. In the upper field, only very faint remnants of the decoration are visible, probably parts of the extremities and body of a horse. It is likely to have been an equestrian motif. The border that frames the picture fields is filled with a complex interlace pattern that forms a row of figure-eight-shaped elements. On the left side, however, this unusual pattern merges into irregular, diffuse decoration. " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Regarding the (eschatological) interpretation of the ship and horseman motifs see in particular GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall mushroom-shaped late-type picture stone. The monument belongs to a small group of large Type C(/D) stones with slightly convex head and corners protruding at right angles to the body (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, tbl. III). Best examples are GP 37 Bro Eriks I, GP 45 Bro Eriks II, GP 185 Hejnum Rings, and GP 191 Hejnum Mallgårds 1 (and also the Type E stone GP 32 Boge kyrka, which represents a palimpsest). This head shape corresponds to certain Type B ʻdwarf stonesʼ. Therefore, Lindqvist (ibid. p. 46) regards the mentioned monuments as a “Hybridgruppe”, probably representing a phase of transition between ʻAbschnittʼ B and C. If this interpretation is correct, those stones could be regarded as the earliest Type C stones, presumably dating to the 8th century or possibly around 700. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2084", "value_resource_id": 2084, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2084", "display_title": "GP0037", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/49e5d0744d4567eff73da218d9c0b41f3f202a35.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0037.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2092", "value_resource_id": 2092, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2092", "display_title": "GP0045", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a7fed3f3c9db0e91e02faae04e0847813ef2afc.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0045.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2231", "value_resource_id": 2231, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2231", "display_title": "GP 185 Hejnum Rings", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/30045aa2d70af628da4ac73f170885e647fddf80.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0185A.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2237", "value_resource_id": 2237, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2237", "display_title": "GP 191 Hejnum Mallgårds 1", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/855ec9431b6c9e9bfbe4f6c67dad7f8bf35813e5.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0191.JPG", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2079", "value_resource_id": 2079, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2079", "display_title": "GP 32 Boge kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/654d1307c8195d98c52882ecdf4f2f2a47998687.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0032A.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Oehrl 2019a, p. 211. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka, Kirche IX" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC10797" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4916", "value_resource_id": 4916, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4916", "display_title": "3D model for GP0385", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0385_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "238" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1954-55 i Stenkyrka kyrka, men oklart var. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nVisby flygplats. \n\nBeskrivning \nEn svampformig bildsten (period C/D), 144 cm hög och 70 cm bred. Bildstenen är uppdelad i två bildfält. I det nedre bildfältet vågor, ett skepp med segel och tre stående besättningsmän, som håller i riggen. I det övre bildfältet svaga spår av en häst, troligen rester av en ryttarfigur. \n\nInskrift \nIngen inskrift. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, men tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "long hair" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6411166" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "709898" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgBu2l9hhlgWQav_2ybew_6GATSZoI43fY4sBgyJPmQmoIY?e=tNkA6m" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4916", "o:title": "3D model for GP0385" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/262", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 262, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2430", "o:id": 2430 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.793225555984826, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.531656617855674, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2435, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:17+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-24T08:41:59+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4365", "o:id": 4365 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4365", "o:id": 4365 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0390" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" }, { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/runor/inscription?id=b2539210-ce12-4cdf-8e5a-ffbab68ce6ff", "o:label": "Runor" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The Lilla Bjärs cemetery in Stenkyrka parish, next to a stone mound. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka Lillbjärs" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Historiska Museet" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The cemetery of Lillbjärs (or Lilla Bjärs, sometimes just Bjärs, also as Bjers), in Stenkyrka parish is one of the largest and most important grave fields on Gotland (RAÄ Stenkyrka 26:1; Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 118; Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 III:2, p. 627). It includes more than 1000 visible stone settings (rösen and other circular or almost circular stone mounds), as well as a ship-shaped stone setting from the Bronze Age (5 x 2.25 m), and a monumental (17 m in diameter) grave mound called ʻÄuglehaugʼ (or ʻUgglehaugʼ), which probably dates to the Migration Period. An old path of about 550 m leads through the entire area in an east-west direction. Many of the graves were robbed, and only a small number have been excavated, including about a dozen dating to the Viking Period. Remarkable features of the stone mounds are a surrounding dry-stone wall consisting of several layers of limestone slabs, as well as the frequent occurrence of grave orbs (large spherical stones) (gravklot), erected stone slabs, and picture stones in the immediate context of the (Vendel or Viking Period) graves (ibid. pp. 582–583). Lindqvist published nineteen picture stones from this grave field – GP 369–373, 377–381, 388–396, 429–431, 440 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I–XIX. \n\n“In November 1908, O. V. Wennersten reported in a letter to the National Antiquarian that a local, Emil Svensson in Tune, had discovered three picture stones on the ground belonging to Lillbjärs and taken custody of them. […] On this occasion, the antiquarian Emil Eckhoff visited the find place during the following summer and sent to SHM the stones [Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I–VI] as well as three fragments of another slab, which, however, did not clearly represent a picture stone. He also collected numerous large spherical stones (gravklot) […]. In 1911, [Fredrik Nordin] visited the site and was given more information by Svensson about the find place and the circumstances of the discovery of the stones […]. When [Fredrik Nordin] returned in 1913 to conduct excavations, Svensson in the meantime had moved away, and unfortunately, it turned out to be impossible to locate all the find places described by him” (ibid.). Nordin excavated a number of stone settings in 1913 as well as in the following summer and discovered eight more picture stones in situ (Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII–XIV). Between 1910 and 1912, three more picture stones were reported to Gotlands Museum by Svensson and moved to Visby where they are still kept today (Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XV–XVIII). Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIX was found later, in 1927. \n\nMost of the picture stones from Stenkyrka church presumably came from the Lillbjärs cemetery as well. Nevertheless, the stock of picture stones from this site can by no means have been recorded completely, and there is good reason to believe that this grave field in the future will provide even more discoveries (cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 118). \n\nThe stones I–VI were discovered by the worker Emil Svensson in 1908 and delivered to Statens Historiska Museum (SHM 13742) by antiquarian Emil Eckhoff in 1909 (Fornvännen 1909, pp. 253–354). The picture stone Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III was found near the road, in the southern part of the cemetery, “close to Söderlund’s farm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 118, 122). It lay at the southern edge of stone mound no. 8, close to the surface (Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 IV:2, p. 661; cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 118). Elsewhere, however, Lindqvist notes that the slab lay about 2 m north of a small grave mound (1941/42 II, p. 122). Mound no. 8 (SHM 15227:8) was 2.5–2.8 in diameter and was surrounded by a wall of 4 to 6 layers of limestone slabs. It only contained a knife, charcoal, and bones of sheep. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2414", "value_resource_id": 2414, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2414", "display_title": "GP 369 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e8bb4a0b30fc67b023b69ec340952740f594f7b7.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0369.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2415", "value_resource_id": 2415, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2415", "display_title": "GP 370 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/5cc98d089a5b298a486b86dc8288602f6b39969b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0370.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2416", "value_resource_id": 2416, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2416", "display_title": "GP 371 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IX", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1662107adcd2249b6e6889b9baf1f182e60fa2be.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0371.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2417", "value_resource_id": 2417, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2417", "display_title": "GP 372 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/5bc6a141313b106e26f31e136a264c6f054bf9dc.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0372.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2418", "value_resource_id": 2418, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2418", "display_title": "GP 373 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIX", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/67835ae2cda1e85288f0e1c514101e040ccbf050.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0373.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2422", "value_resource_id": 2422, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2422", "display_title": "GP 377 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIa", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/109ddffce2d2033946a22eac345caa7c391d82ea.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0377.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2423", "value_resource_id": 2423, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2423", "display_title": "GP 378 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIb", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/68e3362a2f23ee6f4e87a0658b489412e407aba9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0378.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2424", "value_resource_id": 2424, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2424", "display_title": "GP 379 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIc", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/6a8f165cdddfe79e0cbc1bdb529d31f184764583.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0379.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2425", "value_resource_id": 2425, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2425", "display_title": "GP 380 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VId" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2426", "value_resource_id": 2426, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2426", "display_title": "GP 381 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIe" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2433", "value_resource_id": 2433, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2433", "display_title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/20ebf4feb6626832693622e94b44103744d0d211.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0388.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2434", "value_resource_id": 2434, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2434", "display_title": "GP 389 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/694b9f0ade9f60ba16bc50fe7933244ad7b963f7.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0389.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2436", "value_resource_id": 2436, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2436", "display_title": "GP 391 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs V", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/990c82a844982cfa9e85400ff4e50aa7cf3bbffe.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0391.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2437", "value_resource_id": 2437, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2437", "display_title": "GP 392 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/2dd329ae970f4f32dd0172bbd3b7b56ff4f4eecc.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0392.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2438", "value_resource_id": 2438, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2438", "display_title": "GP 393 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIV" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2439", "value_resource_id": 2439, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2439", "display_title": "GP 394 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/646ac1025575e1f16239d033733cac66deedfccb.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0394.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2440", "value_resource_id": 2440, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2440", "display_title": "GP 395 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cd3f96e2ea23815426e513d78c1073421cb88b76.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0395.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2441", "value_resource_id": 2441, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2441", "display_title": "GP 396 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b12df5764883ff37f2ed5bf223c333202cdf297a.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0396.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2474", "value_resource_id": 2474, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2474", "display_title": "GP 429 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVI", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e06c3ab493f0765c1f61d9d597bdc1435627dc6d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0429.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2475", "value_resource_id": 2475, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2475", "display_title": "GP 430 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XI", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ca143822ce548dfc7e46a97d7e0dfcdfceeb8394.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0430O.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2476", "value_resource_id": 2476, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2476", "display_title": "GP 431 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/bf9ee8013a52e35e0001b4315f03013a23484688.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0431.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2485", "value_resource_id": 2485, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2485", "display_title": "GP 440 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs X", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1cb2cc3c6d9e4be596d356acef7289788e6a1211.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0440.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The slab represents a completely preserved mushroom-shaped picture stone which is in remarkably good condition. “Limestone slab, up to 10 cm thick at the base, up to 7 cm at the head. The obverse is even, the narrow sides are rounded towards the back. The reverse is rough and unworked. The stone’s total height is 86 cm, of which 73.5 cm are above the lower horizontal bar. The head is 40.5 cm wide, the neck 29 cm, and the base 45 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 122). " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "86" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "45" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "10" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "“The decoration had been sketched out in fine, probably cut lines, whereupon the background field was chiselled about 1 mm deep” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 122). Such preliminary sketches can only be observed on those monuments whose surfaces are particularly well preserved (cf. ibid. I, pp. 42–43; repeatedly Hauck, in particular, 1957b; Eshleman 2000; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 67–68 and passim [regarding Hauck’s research see 68–86, 169–172, 286–287, and passim]). Good examples are GP 161 Halla Broa III, GP 162 Halla Broa IV, GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I, and GP 258 Lärbro Tängelgårda I. Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 122) notes that “unfortunately, the contour lines were traced in ink by the finder – and in many places incorrectly. The result is clearly visible in several previously published photographs […].” All figures are remarkably detailed. In particular, the drapery of their garments and their faces are carved with fine lines and still well-preserved. \n\nThe stone is framed by a wide border with a complex interlace pattern. A simple horizontal band (with runic inscription, see VIII) divides the head and the neck of the stone from its lower part. The depictions in both image fields are described by Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 123: In the head field, there is an equestrian on a walking horse, turning to the right. The horseman wears a pointed helmet, a large shield with whorl pattern, and trousers gathered at the calves. A triple-symbol formed by three triangles is located behind the horseman’s neck. Another triple-symbol, formed by three drinking horns, is located above the horseman’s head. Each drinking horn’s narrow end pierces the broad end of another. Just next to the horse, in the right corner of the head, a woman is depicted, who seems to be standing on the horse’s right, raised foreleg. She faces the horseman and proffers a drinking horn. \n\nThe picture stone’s neck represents an approximately 10 cm high field without any chiselled background fields. The figure here is just carved or even sketched – a man in a knee-length tunic with belt, without clear headgear. He extends one hand and turns towards the right. Behind him there probably were once more figures, which now, however, are no longer identifiable. The lower edge of the neck field is formed by a simple horizontal border, consisting of two parallel lines, which contains the inscription (see VIII). The carved man is standing on the horizontal runic border. \n\nThe body of the stone, i.e., the monument’s lower half, is occupied by a ship with rounded stems with spiral terminals, a rudder on starboard, and a square sail uniformly framed on all four sides. The sail features a slightly inconsistent rhombic pattern formed by double lines. Above the railing emerge the torsos of two men each holding one sheet rope, the end of which forms a loop attached to a rope hanging from the sail’s lower edge. Below the ship’s rudder, a further triple symbol can be seen, representing a triangle with a semi-circular recess on each of its sides. Below the vessel, there are two huge waves breaking towards the right, in the direction of the ship’s movement, with crests stylised as interlace ornament. \n\nThe described depictions are easily discernible and documented by both photos of the painted stone and Olof Sörling’s drawing, reproduced in Lindqvist’s book (1941/41 I, figs. 104, 112; II, fig. 512). A collection of different photos of the painted and unpainted stone dating to the 1930s and 60s is kept in ATA (Run- och bildstenssamling). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2207", "value_resource_id": 2207, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2207", "display_title": "GP 161 Halla Broa III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0a4b22bb8da6bb7d59b33ea8abd309a6e3b47ccb.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0161.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2208", "value_resource_id": 2208, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2208", "display_title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a1bbec5d51ba0e734796179599db95712073b49d.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0162.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2433", "value_resource_id": 2433, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2433", "display_title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/20ebf4feb6626832693622e94b44103744d0d211.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0388.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2304", "value_resource_id": 2304, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2304", "display_title": "GP0258", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/77873047d434a760273ee33746e1e5a43285e370.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0258.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Even if the images of the horseman’s welcome (adventus) on the Gotlandic picture stones can be traced back to Roman ideas, it must be assumed that those models were re-interpreted in the North (Vierck 1981). Since early research, the motif is assumed, on the basis of Old Norse literature, to depict the arrival of a slain warrior in Valhǫll – a valkyrie offers a welcome drink to the mounted newcomer (e.g. Nordin 1903, p. 150; Lindqvist 1941/1942 I, p. 96; Weber 1973; Ellmers 1973; 1980; 1986; 1995; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 47–50; 2020c, pp. 128–138). A stylised hall building that is supposed to represent Valhǫll can actually be seen on GP 21 Ardre Kyrka VIII and GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I, where the new arrival appears to be sitting on the eight-legged horse of the otherworldly host, Óðinn. See also GP 94 Garda Bote, GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I, and GP 212 Klinte Hunninge IV (Klintebys), which represent the horseman with further conclusive details. \n\nThe common Valhǫll-interpretation of the horseman motif essentially is based on the Eiríksmál (and on the Hákonarmál by Eyvindr skáldaspillir Finnsson that draws on them), a song of praise for the Norwegian king Eiríkr blóðøx (blood axe), written after 954 (von See 1981c; Kreutzer 1989; 1999; Marold 1972; 2006, pp. 228–234). This skaldic poem tells of a fallen warrior’s festive arrival at and admission of into Óðinn’s Valhǫll. Óðinn wakes the einherjar, the dead warriors living in Valhǫll, and requests them to arrange for the hero’s arrival, to prepare the benches and wash the cups. The valkyries are tasked with bringing the wine: […] bað ec […] valkyriur vin bera […] (stanza 1, Finnur Jónsson 1912–1915 A I, p. 174; B I, p. 164; Whaley 2012, p. 1006). In the Eddic poem Grímnismál, numerous valkyries are called by name whose job it is to offer drinking horns and serve beer to the dead warriors in Valhǫll: […] þær bera einheriom ǫl (stanza 36, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 64; cf. Gylfaginning 36, Faulkes 2005, p. 30). \n\nA greeting by a valkyrie to a dead man on horseback in front of the hall of the fallen is known from literature at least indirectly. There is, for example, the welcome given to Atli by Guðrún after Gunnarr’s murder in Atlaqviða (stanzas 32–33, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 245). This is, as shown by Wolf (1952, p. 101–102; 1965, p. 58–59; cf. von See et al. 2012, p. 336), fashioned according to a mythical model, in order to portray Atli as a doomed man: the poet calls Guðrún afkar dís, ‘terrible dís’, a term that can be regarded as a name for a valkyrie. The hall in front of which she welcomes the approaching horseman with a drink is called Valhǫll (stanzas 2 and 14). The Atlakviða appears to have been composed as early as the ninth century. At that time, the notion of the valkyrie welcoming the mounted warrior at the gates of Valhǫll with a drink already must have been very common. \n\nFurther indicators for a horse ride into the beyond are the triangular shapes over which the horse appears to step over on numerous picture stones. They are regarded as the fence that, as per Grímnismál (stanza 22, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 61) and Lokasenna (stanza 63, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 109), surrounds the realm of the dead (valgrindr, nágrindr) (Lindqvist 1941/1942 I, p. 99; Weber 1973, p. 95). According to Snorri, Sleipnir carries the god Hermóðr with a spectacular leap across this barrier (helgrindr) and thus into the kingdom of the dead (Gylfaginning 49, Faulkes 2005, p. 47). Frequently, the horseman is accompanied by a dog that precedes its master (e.g., GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I, GP 94 Garda Bote, GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I). Whether the dog, as in many cultures of the ancient world, should be regarded as a psychopomp (e.g., Gräslund 2004) or a hound of hell (e.g., Weber 1973, p. 98), or rather as the man’s trusty companion in life as in death, must remain open. A kind of a northern version of Cerberus is in fact provided by the Eddic poem Baldrs Draumar (stanza 2–3, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 277). \n\nAlso relevant here are figural bronze/silver pendants (and gold foil figures) that feature individual women with a drinking horn or a kind of cup in their hands (Helmbrecht 2011, pp. 121–123, fig. 23(a–l), cat. no. 86, 151, 153, 216, 227, 236, 525, 670, 725, 803, 811, 1013, 1034, 1049, 1173). The meaning of those figures is subject of controversy (Simek 2002, pp. 110–118; Plochov 2007; Helmbrecht 2011, 124–125; Heizmann 2015). In the light of the picture stones, they have frequently been considered as depictions of valkyries (e.g., Koktvedgaard Zeitzen 1997, pp. 10–11; Price 2002, 336–337; Vang Petersen 2005, pp. 76–77). Particularly important are those figural pendants that show an armed woman greeting a horseman and offering him a cup (Helmbrecht 2011, pp. 68–71, fig. 2(a–b)–3(a–e), catalogue-no. 256–258, 105, 174, 196, 258; Gardeła 2018, pp. 404–408, tab. 3, fig. 5). That at least these martial ‘receptionists’ and servers of drinks should be regarded as valkyries welcoming the slain certainly is the most plausible explanation (Vierck 2002, 24–26). \n\nAs the valkyries by no means represent the only women in the world of the dead, nor the only mythical givers of drinks, other – albeit less convincing – alternatives for the woman with the drinking horn on Gotland’s picture stones have been put forward. She could represent the goddess Freyja (Göransson 1999, pp. 230–231), of whom Grímnismál says that she receives half of the fallen: according to the poem, the dead take their seats in the goddess’ hall, which may be thought of as a banqueting hall (stanza 14, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 60). It does not mention, however, that the dead are provided by the goddess with food and drink. But the woman with the drinking horn also could represent Hel, the goddess of the dead – Baldrs draumar indicates that mead was waiting for Óðinn’s dying son Baldr in Hel’s realm of the dead: Hér stendr Baldri / of brugginn mioðr, / scírar veigar (stanza. 7, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 278) (cp. Kopár 2012, pp. 99–101). The motif of the lady with the drinking horn has also been linked to the dísir (Simek 2002, p. 117; cf. Hellers 2012, pp. 129–133) – a group of female deities who are well documented in literature yet remain enigmatic; probably fertility goddesses associated with the Roman cult of the Matres. Occasionally the Matronae of votive stones are holding a cornucopia. Also scarcely convincing is the suggestion that the woman was the valkyrie Brynhildr/Sigrdrífa (Staecker 2004, pp. 64–65; 2006, pp. 364–365; 2013, pp. 49–51), who passes a mead horn to the hero Sigurðr after he had awakened her from an enchanted sleep: Hon tóc þá horn, fult miaðar, oc gaf hánom minnisveig (Sigrdrífomál stanza 1–2 and prose part, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 189). Gjessing believes the horseman is Óðinn and the woman with the horn the giant’s daughter Gunnlǫð, who serves him the mead of poetry (Gjessing 1943, pp. 78–80). \n\nApart from these considerations, the mythological character of the picture stones’ welcoming scenes has been called into question in general (Eshleman 2000, pp. 19–21; Ney 2007, p. 37; 2012). The proffering of a drinking vessel could be regarded as a universally valid formula of paying homage that derived from the eminent role of women in the drinking ceremonial of Germanic warrior retinues (Enright 1988; 1996). \n\nIn the context of the horseman’s welcome regarded a reception in the afterworld, the ships on the Viking Age picture stones are frequently considered as ships of the dead, vessels transporting the deceased into the beyond (e.g. Ebert 1919/20, pp. 188–189; Major 1924, p. 118; Almgren 1940, p. 32; Kreutzer 1988, p. 21; Ellmers 1973; 1986; 1995; Lindow 1993; Lamm/Nylén 2003, pp. 15–16, 22, 70; Hauck 1976a, p. 588; Egeler 2015, fn. 61; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 55–58; 2020c, pp. 151–166). The fact that the picture stones depict two different ways of travel into the world of the dead – by water and by horse – is explained by Ellmers in a way that is essentially plausible: according to him, boat ride and horse ride represent two consecutive phases in the deceased’s journey (cf. Lamm/Nylén 2003, p. 70; Hauck 1976a, p. 588; Althaus 1993, p. 139). The dead, he suggests, first must arrive by ship from the land of the living; having reached the shore on the other side, they continue their journey to Valhǫll by horse. The eight-legged horses on the stones GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII and GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I allegedly show that on his landing on the shore, the dead man is given the horse of his host, i.e., Óðinn’s horse Sleipnir. Here, Ellmers refers to the visit in 826 by the Danish king Harald Klak to Louis the Pious in Ingelheim; having landed on the shore of the river Rhine, Harald was received by Louis’ delegation, and as a special honour, the Emperor’s own horse was placed at his disposal for the ride to the imperial palace. \n\nAccording to numerous scholars (Stjerna 1905, p. 114; Ebert 1919/20, pp. 185–188, 196; Major 1924; Müller-Wille et al. 1978, pp. 277, 285; Ellmers 1992, p. 99; Egeler 2015, fn. 491, 572), the fact that Pre-Christian Scandinavians believed in a transmarine afterworld and a ship of the dead is proven by Vendel Period and Viking-Age ship burials as well as boat-shaped stone-settings (Müller-Wille 1968/69; 1974; 1995; Müller-Wille et al. 1978; Capelle 1986; 2004a; 2004b). In support of the thesis of a ship of the dead (Egeler 2015, pp. 113–180), it is argued in the case of the famous ship burial at Oseberg on the Oslofjord (dated 834) that the vessel in the grave appeared to have been ‘staged’ as being ready to put to sea; with its mast, rudder, and oars all prepared, with the anchor stowed on board, and with the ship (temporarily) moored to a bollard stone (Ebert 1919/20, p. 188; Major 1924, p. 147; Herschend 2000, pp. 143, 146, 148; Egeler 2015, pp. 147–148). The coins (including three unminted planchets) retrieved from the Anglo-Saxon royal ship burial at Sutton Hoo in East Suffolk (about 625) were interpreted as Charon’s pennies for the entire crew, as their number exactly matched the number of the oarsmen (Grierson 1970; cf. Müller-Wille et al. 1978, pp. 274, 276–277; Egeler 2015, pp. 149–150). In any case – and this is a serious indicator – the obolus custom, well documented in Germania since the third century, including Viking-Age Sweden, clearly refers to a concept of a transmarine world of the dead that can be reached by boat (Ebert 1919/20, p. 186; Gräslund 1965/66; Müller-Wille 1968/69, p. 148; Steuer 2002; Egeler 2013b, pp. 10–15). \n\nUnlike in Greco-Roman or Celtic antiquity, in the North the belief in a ship of the dead is documented only sparsely in literature (Grimm 1968 [1875–1878], pp. 693–697; Müller-Wille 1968/69, pp. 126–129; Althaus 1993, pp. 141–146; Egeler 2015, 114–135). Most sources mentioned in this context describe burials in a boat, but without clear reference to a journey into the beyond. One of the more applicable instances is Snorri’s account of the burial of the god Baldr (Gylfaginning 49, Faulkes 2005, 46 f; Lorenz 1984, 567-574; Lindow 1997, 69-100) which, at least in essence, traces back to the Húsdrápa by skald Úlfr Uggason from the tenth century (Finnur Jónsson 1912–1915 A I, pp. 136–138; B I, pp. 128–130.). It tells how the body of Óðinn’s son Baldr, together with his horse, is submitted to the sea in a burning ship. After the boat burial, it is related how Baldr’s brother Hermóðr talks to the guardian of the bridge leading across the underworld river Gjǫll (Gjallarbrú). She tells him that dead Baldr had crossed the bridge on his horse and ridden into the realm of Hel. Obviously, Baldr had travelled to the underworld in the burning ship and changed to the horse on the shore of the world of the dead (Egeler 2015, pp. 114–118). This corresponds to Ellmers’ suggested sequence of a journey into the beyond shown on the Gotlandic picture stones that combines travel in a boat and on horseback. \n\nAlso, reference must be made to the ship Naglfar, which, according to Snorri, during Ragnarǫk takes Loki and the giant Hrymr with the ‘sons of Muspell’ and an army of the dead (Heljar sinnar, ‘Hel’s companions’) to the fight against the gods (Gylfaginning 51, Faulkes 2005, 50; Vǫluspá stanza 50–51, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, pp. 11–12). It is generally accepted that the ship’s name means ‘ship of the dead’ or ‘ship of corpses’ (Lie 1954, pp. 153–154; De Vries 1959, p. 404; Müller-Wille 1968/69, p. 141; Egeler 2015, p. 128). That Naglfar also played a role independent from the Ragnarǫk myth, as a means of transport for the deceased, is probable (Krohn 1912; Major 1924, p. 127; Stjerna 1912, p. 115; Simek 2004, p. 78; Simek 1982; Egeler 2015, p. 128). Another reference to a transmarine world of the dead, on the shores of which the dead disembark, is provided by Vǫluspá, stanza 38 (Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 9; cf. Gylfaginning 52, Faulkes 2005, p. 53), by the toponym Nástrǫndr, ‛beach of the dead’ or ‛beach of corpses’ (Stjerna 1912, p. 113; Müller-Wille et al. 1978, p. 285; Ellmers 1986, pp. 348–349; Egeler 2015, pp. 125–126). \n\nFurthermore, Vǫlsunga saga (written down in the thirteenth century) relates how an old ferryman (Óðinn) transports the body of the hero Sinfjǫtli across a lake in a barge (Waser 1898, pp. 3, 7–8; Heide 2011, p. 61; Egeler 2015, pp. 128–129). The barge with the dead hero disappears and does not reappear again (ch. 10, Finch 1965, pp. 18–19). This account also is found in the prose text Frá dauða Sinfiotla in the Codex regius (Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 162). Not least because Sinfjǫtli’s rapture was recognised as one of several parallels between the saga and Arthurian epic poetry (Baesecke 1940, pp. 282–284, 286–287; Finch 1965, p. XXXV fn. 10; Egeler 2015, pp. 129–130), this reference should be handled with care. Of some interest in this context, however, is Gísla saga Súrssonar, written in the thirteenth century (Björn K. Þórólfsson/Guðni Jónsson 1943, p. 56). Its author tells of a burial in a boat, which is then covered by a mound. During the burial proceedings, a heavy rock is placed in the boat, probably with the aim, as is suggested by the context, to weigh down the vessel to such a degree that it cannot put to sea. Apparently, this was meant to prevent the journey of the interred person to the world of the dead (Rosén 1918, pp. 128–129, 166; Egeler 2015, pp. 121–125; differently Wiberg 1937; cf. Müller-Wille 1968/69, p. 137). \n\nOnly Skjǫldunga saga explicitly describes the burial in a ship as a journey to the realm of Óðinn (Major 1924, pp. 129–130; Müller-Wille 1968/69, pp. 129–130; Lindow 1997, pp. 85–86; Egeler 2015, pp. 118–119). Sigvardus boards the ship while alive, as rather than growing old, he rather wishes, in the manner of the ancestors, ‘to visit King Óðinn (i.e., the underworld) with royal splendour’ – [...] regali pompa Odinum Regem (id est inferos) invisere malle [...] (Jakob Benediktsson 1950, p. 463). This, however, is to be learned only from the saga’s Latin summary by Arngrímur Jónsson from 1596, while the saga itself, which probably was written about 1200, has not survived except for a few fragments (Acker 2007). \n\nThis, in essence, is the quite limited literary basis of the thesis of the ship of the dead in Pre-Christian Scandinavia. As the texts mentioned either do not explicitly allude to a boat ride into the realm of the dead but only hint at it, or were written at a comparatively late date, the existence of a concept of the ship of the dead in the pagan North is doubted in general by several scholars, and consequently, the ship imagery of the Gotlandic picture stones is interpreted in a different way – as pictures taken from the real life of the deceased person in whose honour the stone was erected, meant to glamorise the lifestyle of a warrior elite or celebrate the dead individual as a skilled seafarer, or refer to his death in a foreign country, while on a trade journey or in a sea battle (Lindqvist 1940, p. 55; 1941/1942 I, p. 92–93, 101; 1962, p. 22; von See 1981a, p. 118; Buisson 1976, p. 86; Holmqvist 1976, p. 566; Stenberger 1977, p. 342; Lindow 1993; Althaus 1993, pp. 137–182). \n\nLittle attention is paid in this discussion, however, to the fact that as early as in ‘Abschnitt’ A, there is iconographic evidence for the importance and function of the rowing boat as a vessel of the dead – see GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV and GP 428 Stenkyrka kyrka 46. On the Stenkyrka fragment, a flying spear marks the crewed rowing boat as belonging to the realm of death. In this way, we also should probably interpret the missile above the small ship on the Viking Age (Type C/D) picture stone GP 253 Lärbro St. Hammars I as a ‘spear of death’. The Viking Age (Type C/D) fragment GP 339 Rute St. Valle 2 probably represents Óðinn, god of the slain, accompanying the ship of the dead and marking it with his spear. See the relevant articles for more detailed information and bibliography (here only the most relevant literature: Oehrl 2019a, pp. 57, 105–120, 227–242; 2020c, pp. 157–158; in print a). \n\nThe figure behind the horseman of Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III, composed of three triangles, occurs on a number of late-type picture stones. It is known under two different terms – Norwegian/Swedish/Danish valknut (also valknude, valknop) and the Old Norse term Hrungnis hjarta (Hellers 2012, pp. 40–50). The first is not recorded before the beginning of the 18th century and refers to different kinds of knot- and loop-like symbols in Scandinavian folk art, in particular, those which are commonly described as ʻquatrefoil knotsʼ (Vierpassknoten, fyrpass). The etymology of valknut is unclear but usually interpreted as representing an Old Norse term valknútr which can be translated as ʻknot of the slainʼ. The Old Norse term Hrungnis hjarta (ʻHrungnirʼs heartʼ) originates from Snorri Sturluson’s Skáldskaparmál (ch. 17), written down around 1220. Snorri retells the myth about the god Þórr and his fight against the giant Hrungnir, who is described as having a special kind of heart: “Hrungnir átti hjarta þat er frægt er, af hǫrdum steini ok tindótt með þrim hornum svá sem síðan er gert var ristubragð þat er Hrungnis hjarta heitir” (Faulkes 1998, p. 21) – ʻHrungnir had a heart that is renowned, made of solid stone and spiky with three points just like the symbol for carving called Hrungnirʼs heart has ever since been madeʼ (Faulkes 1987, p. 78). The actual reason for depicting the giant’s heart on picture stones and other artifacts, however, remains unclear. Furthermore, it cannot be assumed with certainty that the connection between the symbol and the Hrungnir myth established by Snorri is based on ancient tradition. \n\nThe possible meaning of the so-called Hrungnis hjarta or valknut and other kinds of ʻtriangle signsʼ or ʻtriple symbolsʼ on late type picture stones, most of which are more-or-less triskele-like, has been discussed extensively by Hellers 2012, pp. 100–186 (with previous interpretations and relevant literature; see also Main 2020, pp. 31–34, 41, 44, 78–79 appendix 2). There may be a connection to the sphere of death and the supreme god Óðinn (who is also god of the fallen) since these signs mostly occur close to those motifs which are commonly regarded as depicting the afterlife journey (horseman, ship, and others; see in particular GP 258 Lärbro Tängelgårda I, GP 120 Grötlingbo Barshaldershed 6, GP 341 Sanda kyrka I) or sacrificial scenes (GP 59 Buttle Änge V and GP 253 Lärbro St. Hammars I). \n\nThere is a certain proximity between those picture stone triple symbols and the triquetra. The triquetra is a widespread decorative element in early medieval art, which in Christian contexts is mostly regarded as symbol of the Trinity (Traetteberg 1974; Moltke 1974; see also Main 2020). Possibly, the Gotlandic ʻtriple symbolsʼ are inspired by Continental or Western triquetra symbolism. 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"value_resource_id": 2167, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2167", "display_title": "GP0120", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/46171aa284fae7eec4ddcc269eca31cbc0e70fd9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0120.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2386", "value_resource_id": 2386, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2386", "display_title": "GP 341 Sanda kyrka I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b0a22f8bf7599dea66636e834db9b3016d8d9552.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0341.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2106", "value_resource_id": 2106, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2106", "display_title": "GP0059", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d5d3d9f2fa1040a0a1d071a1db733c8d5fd3eff0.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0059.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Mushroom-shaped late-type ʻdwarf stoneʼ. Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 44) assigns it to his ʻAbschnittʼ C which he dates to the time around AD 700. Current research, however, tends to date those monuments roughly to between the 8th century (or rather around AD 800) and the 10th century. According to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type dwarf4, which occurs in his periods 4 (Late Vendel Period), 5 (Early Viking Period), and 6 (Middle Viking Period). According to Varenius’ ship typology (1992, pp. 69–74 and appendix 2), the rigging of the ship depiction belongs to his group III (segelskepp med skot i hanfot), which he dates to the 9th or 10th centuries. Lisbeth Imer (2004, p. 104) dates the stone to after AD 750 or even after around AD 800 (2012, p. 117). The shape of the horse, in particular the shape of its head with its characteristic frame is reminiscent of Salin’s Style II and thus could be regarded as an indication of a date before AD 800. The runic inscription seems to point to the period between the 8th and the early 9th century, whereby a dating to the 10th century cannot be ruled out runologically (see VIII). " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "Yes" } ], "ai2:runicInscription": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 286, "property_label": "Runic Inscription", "is_public": true, "@value": "Transliteration: ᴅ-(a)^ʀ(u)(t^)ᴅuþ (cf. Gustavson/Snædal 2013, Stenkyrka p. 6)." } ], "ai2:runicContextComments": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@value": "The indecipherable inscription (G 268) has been characterized as mixture of older futhark runes and short-twig runes (ibid. and Snædal 2002, p. 48). Without doubt, the d-rune, clearly representing an older futhark rune, is carved two times on the stone, as well as the u-rune and probably the þ-rune, which occur in both the older and the younger futhark. Those characters of the Lillbjärs inscription which are supposed to represent clear short-twig runes, however, are difficult to discern and remain uncertain (Källström 2012, pp. 123–124). Therefore, it is imaginable that the entire inscription is executed in older futhark runes. Whatever the case, as the old d-rune is used, the inscription was probably carved before the early 9th century. However, it is entirely possible that certain older futhark runes were in use even longer on Gotland, until the 10th or even 11th century (Gustavson/Snædal 2013, Stenkyrka p. 6; cf. GP 111 Gothem kyrka 4 [= G 157]; GP 244 Lokrume kyrka [= G 252]; GP 76 Eskelhem kyrka; see Oehrl 2019a, p. 279). Those characters could also be regarded as division markers or para-script characters of other function (cf. Imer 2012, p. 117). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2158", "value_resource_id": 2158, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2158", "display_title": "GP0111", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4b7ec6b89a9c25ebf69b3765d21cd47ae99bfa2e.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0111.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2290", "value_resource_id": 2290, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2290", "display_title": "GP 244 Lokrume kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/8bfebd3965015e2868ab4f17511bb2f16da86821.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0244.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 331, "property_label": "Runic Context and Comments", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2123", "value_resource_id": 2123, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2123", "display_title": "GP 76 Eskelhem kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/24f4784ba423c11154a92b868d8ea9f36f67dfe8.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0076.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fornvännen 1909, pp. 253–354; Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 44, 75–78, 80, 82, 94, 102, figs. 104, 111–112, 114–115; II, pp. 118, 122–123, fig. 512; Helmbrecht 2011, p. 485 cat. no. 834; Hellers 2012, pp. 66–67, fig. 12, pl. 4a; Gustavson/Snædal 2013, Stenkyrka pp. 5–8; Kitzler Åhfeldt 2013a, p. 64; 2015, pp. 399, 418, figs. 38, 42; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 13, 24, 67, 275–277, 279, 291, figs. 4a, 32f, 331c–e; 2020c, fig. 15. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka, Lillbjärs III" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4921", "value_resource_id": 4921, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4921", "display_title": "3D model for GP0390", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "fler/GP0390_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "279" } ], "ai2:shmID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 311, "property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "13742" } ], "ai2:runverketID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 309, "property_label": "Runverket ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "G 268" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1908 vid ett gravröse, vid grävningar på gravfältet Lillbjärs. Överlämnades till Statens Historiska Museum 1909. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStatens Historiska Museum, magasinet i Tumba \n\nBeskrivning \nHelt bevarad ”dvärgsten” (period CD), 86 cm hög och som bredast 45 cm. Bildstenen är uppdelad i två bildfält, det övre med en ryttare och en kvinna som håller fram ett dryckeshorn. Bakom ryttarens nacke är tre trianglar flätade i varandra. I det nedre fältet avbildas ett skepp med segel. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, men tillhör perioden 700-1000-talen. \n\nTolkning \nVälkomstmotivet tolkas ofta som en avbildning av de dödes resa till dödsriket. Flätade trianglar kan hänga samman med et kristna triquetra-motivet, men kan också associeras med döden. \n\nInskrift \nBildstenen innehåller rester av en runinskrift, som inte kan tolkas. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "helmet" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "shield" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "whorl" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "trousers" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "valknut" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "drinking horn" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "woman" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "dress" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "tunic" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "belt" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "men" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "valkyrie" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6581391" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "675775" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgAmJE-iFUFQQ5WNi4aXDl1sAeWHVP9g-EhRdtuzX8ZsGl0?e=hQl7L3" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:interpretations": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2123", "o:title": "GP 76 Eskelhem kyrka" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2207", "o:title": "GP 161 Halla Broa III" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2208", "o:title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2411", "o:title": "GP 366 Stenkyrka kyrka VI" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2605", "o:title": "GP 561 Väte Gullarve" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2230", "o:title": "GP 184 Hejnum Riddare" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2257", "o:title": "GP 211 Klinte Hunninge III" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2258", "o:title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2320", "o:title": "GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2322", "o:title": "GP 276 När Rikvide (I)" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2430", "o:title": "GP 385 Stenkyrka kyrka 10" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2433", "o:title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2539", "o:title": "GP 494 Tingstäde kyrka 24" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2607", "o:title": "GP 563 Väte kyrka 2" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2051", "o:title": "GP 4 Alskog Ollajvs" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2088", "o:title": "GP 41 Bro Ekes" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2177", "o:title": "GP 131 Hablingbo kyrka (I)" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2324", "o:title": "GP 278 När Bosarve" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2606", "o:title": "GP 562 Väte Mölner" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2614", "o:title": "GP 570 Stenkyrka kyrkogården" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2299", "o:title": "GP 253 Lärbro Stora Hammars I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2302", "o:title": "GP 256 Lärbro Stora Hammars IV" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2199", "o:title": "GP 153 Halla kyrka 2" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2207", "o:title": "GP 161 Halla Broa III" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2208", "o:title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2216", "o:title": "GP 170 Halla kyrka 5" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2433", "o:title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2414", "o:title": "GP 369 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2415", "o:title": "GP 370 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2416", "o:title": "GP 371 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs IX" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2417", "o:title": "GP 372 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2418", "o:title": "GP 373 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIX" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2422", "o:title": "GP 377 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIa" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2423", "o:title": "GP 378 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIb" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2424", "o:title": "GP 379 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIc" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2425", "o:title": "GP 380 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VId" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2426", "o:title": "GP 381 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIe" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2433", "o:title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2434", "o:title": "GP 389 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2436", "o:title": "GP 391 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs V" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2437", "o:title": "GP 392 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs VIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2438", "o:title": "GP 393 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XIV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2439", "o:title": "GP 394 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2440", "o:title": "GP 395 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2441", "o:title": "GP 396 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2474", "o:title": "GP 429 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XVI" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2475", "o:title": "GP 430 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XI" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2476", "o:title": "GP 431 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs XII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2485", "o:title": "GP 440 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs X" } ], "ai2:runicContextComments": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2607", "o:title": "GP 563 Väte kyrka 2" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4921", "o:title": "3D model for GP0390" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2473", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2473, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 428 Stenkyrka kyrka 46", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/cf80fb7f442e093cfa7da0317203b32744faf3a3.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/cf80fb7f442e093cfa7da0317203b32744faf3a3.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cf80fb7f442e093cfa7da0317203b32744faf3a3.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:18+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-24T09:47:35+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3864", "o:id": 3864 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3864", "o:id": 3864 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 428 Stenkyrka kyrka 46" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0428" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Inside Stenkyrka church, incorporated into the altar. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Stenkyrka kyrka" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Påträffad vid restaurering av kyrkan, under högaltaret" } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Fornsalen" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Bildstenshallen" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment was found by Greta Arwidsson during restorations of Stenkyrka church in 1954/55. According to Guta saga (ch. 3; Peel 1999, 10–11), a wooden church at this spot had been the very first church building in the entire northern part of Gotland. It was replaced by a stone church in the first half of the 12th century, the foundations of which were discovered beneath the floor of the current church, which was built during the 13th century (on the building’s architectural history, see Roosval 1911, pp. 84–86; 1914, p. 1–52, esp. 21–24; Lagerlöf/Svahnström 1991, pp. 239–243). Sune Lindqvist (1941/42 II, pp. 115–118) lists nine picture stones from Stenkyrka church. By contrast, the list put together by Jan Peder Lamm in 2003 contains no fewer than 40 new discoveries (Lamm/Nylén 2003, nos. 238–276, 425, 426). \n\nThe unusually large number of stones found not only in the church, but in the entire parish, is an indicator of the politically and religiously important position that Stenkyrka probably already held even before the first church was built (Roosval 1914, p. 5). Many of the new finds from the church were discovered during large-scale restoration works, which were carried out in 1954/55. The picture stone fragment no. 46 was re-used in a prominent location, under the medieval high altar. It has been briefly discussed and published by Lindqvist in 1956 (pp. 19–25, fig. 1). Today, it is on exhibition in Gotland’s Museum in Visby. " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "Only a fragment of this limestone stele was found. Upper and lower parts are broken off, the sides and border decoration are preserved, but no chamfered edges are visible. On the left side of the fragment, there is a vertically running fracture. The material contains fossils. The surface seems weathered and damaged. The fragment is 0.49 m in height and 0.94 m in width. The depth cannot be measured at this time, since the fragment is put in a wooden case for display at Gotlands Fornsal. The original size of this stele can only be roughly estimated by a comparison with other monuments of the same type (Martebo-type, see IX). Presumably, it was about 2.0 m tall. Recent research conducted by Hannah Strehlau suggests that Stenkyrka kyrka 46 and GP 268 Martebo kyrka (I) represent fragments of the same tall picture stone. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2314", "value_resource_id": 2314, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2314", "display_title": "GP 268 Martebo kyrka I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/aecb9b7fd2144e277ea39955771f9bf58312c293.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0268.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "50" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "95" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "customvocab:10", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "According to Lindqvist’s colouring, which is still visible on the stone today and essentially can be confirmed in its accuracy, the fragment features a symmetrical rowing boat with curved, raised stems, as it is quite commonly seen on Type A stones. The boat’s hull is extremely slender and narrows down towards the stems even further. Seven oars can be made out, which are operated by six visible crew members, whose bodies are depicted almost completely, sitting aboard with bent knees. The figures face right; consequently, the boat is moving left. To the boat’s extreme right, in its stern, a figure is sitting in an elevated position, holding a steering-board (rudder) and looking towards the crew. To the left, in the bow, another crew member stands upright in the stem, facing left and apparently holding another, long steering-board (rudder) in its hand. In the middle of the boat is an oblong structure, which may be identified as a chamber, tent, or cabin. On its roof rests a row of seven ring-shaped objects, the meaning of which remains unclear (shields?). Similar depictions of rowing boats are carved on the stones GP 43 Bro kyrka I (incl. cabin and rings), GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV (incl. cabin with rings and crew), GP 556 Väskinde Björkome I (incl. cabin with rings), GP 269 Martebo kyrka 2 (incl. cabin), and presumably GP 197 Hellvi Ire IV (cabin with rings). Above the boat, the curling tail of a serpent protrudes into the picture. It probably belongs to one of the beasts commonly encircling the disc motifs of Type A stones. Above the boat’s stern, Lindqvist’s illustration of the stone also shows a spear, with its barbed head towards the left and the shaft slightly bent, which appears to be flying from the right to the left across the vessel, the helmsman, and the cabin. \n\nAn analysis of the carvings based on 3D digitisation revealed that there is a ring-shaped depression below the spear which resembles the head of the man operating the steer board in the left part of the image. Lines appear to emerge from this ring, the most prominent of which is an oblique line beginning under the ring and then running right and upwards towards the spear shaft (an arm?), another one running downwards (a human body?). It seems that these structures represent the remains of an anthropomorphic figure that appears to be floating above the ship’s crew and hurling the weapon (Oehrl 2019a, p. 120, pl. 80; in print a, fig. 16–18). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2090", "value_resource_id": 2090, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2090", "display_title": "GP 43 Bro kyrka I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e43251593567fd4e0aa467ca0d13c384502017d4.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0043.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2395", "value_resource_id": 2395, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2395", "display_title": "GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a0f3efc5fb4baf2ee7d66f7a01baf52e87912a20.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0350.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2600", "value_resource_id": 2600, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2600", "display_title": "GP 556 Väskinde Björkome I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/dc260b0a9d0f63cd5c1e8c02abb213d687c27e35.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0556.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2315", "value_resource_id": 2315, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2315", "display_title": "GP 269 Martebo kyrka 2", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/778ee1610e36237b90205d0a244c65ba86aa6820.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0269.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2243", "value_resource_id": 2243, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2243", "display_title": "GP 197 Hellvi Ire IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/94855a3d27d51b795f42d8419b4eef1c2ec89904.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0197.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist and after him particularly Karl Hauck have drawn attention to the special significance of the barbed spear (Lindqvist 1956, p.23; Hauck 1983a, pp. 533, 536, 543, 546, 569, fig. 33a–b; cf. Althaus 1993, pp. 149–152 and Pieper 1999, pp. 308–309). The image, they propose, is associated with a ritual known from Old Norse literature that served as the signal of the commencement of the battle between two opposing forces: a spear was hurled over the hostile army to consecrate it to Óðinn, god of the dead. After a successful outcome, this would include the promise to deliver the defeated army to the god as spoils of war. Dedications of this sort (without mentioning a spear) are recorded in antique sources, such as by Orosius for the Cimbri and Teutones (Historiae adversus paganos V: 16, 1–7), by Tacitus for the Hermunduri and Chatti (Annales XIII: 57), and by Jordanes (Getica V: 40) and Isidore (Historia Gothorum 14) for the Goths. Saxo Grammaticus explicitly states that Harald Hilditann dedicated the souls of any enemy slain by him to Othinus (Óðinn) (Gesta Danorum VII: 10). \n\nLiterary evidence of the ‘throwing of the spear’ and the concepts related to it were collected by Hans Kuhn (Kuhn 1978, pp. 247–258). The ritual is associated with Óðins spear, as occasionally the god appears to perform the shot himself as well as guiding the spear’s flight. Early evidence is found, for example, in the Edda’s Battle of Goths and Huns, the so-called Hlǫðskviða (stanzas 27–28), which belongs to the earliest examples of eddic heroic poetry. It probably dates to the 9th century but is based on traditions that trace back to events during the Migration Period. The poem quotes an invocation preceding the ritualistic ‘throwing of the spear’ across the enemy lines, which indicates that Óðinn himself apparently was expected to be involved in the fateful shot: Felmtr er yðro fylki, / feigr er yðvarr vísir, / gnæfar yðr gunnfani, / gramr er yðr Óðinn. [...] hrósi yðr / at hái hveriom, / oc láti svá Óðinn flein fliúga [...] (Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 309). – ‘Terrified is your army, doomed is your leader, the battle flag is rising above you, angry at you is Óðinn. […] May Óðinn horrify every one of you and let the spear fly […].’ \n\nAccording to Vǫluspá (stanza 24), which is dated to the late 10th century or about the year 1000, it is with a primordial throw of a spear that the god brings the first war into the world (Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 6). Spectacularly embellished are the concrete consequences of the ‘spear dedication’ in Styrbjarnar þáttr in the 14th-century Flateyarbók. Here, Óðinn personally presents the Swedish King Eirek with a reed cane and instructs him to fling it over the band of his adversaries and shout: Óðinn á yðr álla! – ‘Óðinn owns you all!’ During its passage over the enemy lines, the cane then turns into the god’s fateful spear, and as a direct consequence, the enemy soldiers first go blind and are then completely destroyed by a rock fall (Unger/Guðbrandur Vigfússon 1860–1868 II, pp. 70–73). In Eyrbyggja saga, Óðinn is not mentioned by name, but the saga says that it was an old pagan custom (forn siðr) to throw a spear to commence hostilities (Einar Ólafur Sveinsson/Matthías Þórðarson 1935, p. 122). \n\nThat this is not merely a literary topos or a mythological motif is possibly demonstrated by the magnificent damascene lances, decorated with symbols and runic inscriptions, from the third century, which primarily originate from the East Germanic (Gothic) regions and may be interpreted as ritual weapons (Düwel 1981, pp. 141–147; Hachmann 1993; Grünzweig 2004, pp. 17–39). One example is the spear shaft from the moor at Kragehul in Fyn, Danmark (5th century), the runic inscription on which probably includes a consecration or curse. The relevant sequence reads hagalawijubig, from which at least the terms hagal, ‘perdition’ or ʻhailʼ (precipitation), and wiju, ‘I dedicate/consecrate’, can be identified. The inscription’s meaning appears to indicate: ‘Perdition/hail I dedicate [to the spear]’ (KJ 27; Düwel 1981, pp. 140–141; Pieper 1999, pp. 316–321). \n\nThe spear flying over the boat in the picture stone of Stenkyrka can be understood either as the depiction of a concrete and very real ritualistic act or rather as a symbol, as a cipher and iconographic feature, which marks the boat’s crew as being dead or doomed. At the same time and similar to the literary tradition, the spear appears to symbolise the presence of and the influence by the god of the dead as well as his claim to the slain. If the interpretation of the possible carvings below the spear given above (see VI) is correct, the god himself seems to be depicted, floating above the boat, throwing the spear of death and by doing so determining the crewmen’s fate, bringing about their deaths in battle, and taking possession of the warriors on board of the vessel. The stone fragment from Stenkyrka might be considered a key monument, as it appears to be evidence of the role of rowing boats as transport vessels for the dead (regarding this aspect see GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV). Sylvia Althaus (1993, pp. 150–151), however, regards the spear as a kind of mark, which characterises only the helmsman who is sitting right next to the weapon. She compares the sign of the spear to the different kinds of triple symbols, which frequently occur on the Viking Period picture stones. \n\nThere are more picture stones from the Viking Period to be mentioned, which probably also feature a flying spear, implicating a similar symbolic meaning (Oehrl in print a). On GP 253 Lärbro St. Hammars I [C] the spear is flying above a war ship, and on the monuments GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII [D] and GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I [D] it flies above the horseman on the eight-legged horse. The fragment GP 339 Rute St. Valle 2 depicts a horned man, probably a deity (Óðinn?), who seems to direct a spear against a ship or its crew respectively. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2395", "value_resource_id": 2395, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2395", "display_title": "GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a0f3efc5fb4baf2ee7d66f7a01baf52e87912a20.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0350.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2299", "value_resource_id": 2299, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2299", "display_title": "GP 253 Lärbro Stora Hammars I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d633dfb0db357f71c420b161a1e48e1024726ee9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0253", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2384", "value_resource_id": 2384, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2384", "display_title": "GP 339 Rute St. Valle 2", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f2f482480f543f7cf6b285590bbf8cb7c420d43e.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0339.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 428 Stenkyrka kyrka 46 is an early type of picture stone, i.e. Type A according to Lindqvist’s typology, dating to between AD 400 and 600. The fragment belongs to Lindqvist’s (1941, p. 22) Martebo-type because of the significant border decoration and the serpent (cf. GP 268 Martebo kyrka [I]; GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV, GP 556 Väskinde Björkome I). Lindqvist regards the Martebo-type as an exclusive variant of the Bro-typus (in particular, GP 43 Bro kyrka I and GP 44 Bro kyrka II). Hauck's (1983b, p. 541) classification also agrees with this, which means that the monument belongs to his type II. \n\nIn Strehlau’s (2023, pp. 95 f.; List 4) new typology suggestion, GP 428 Stenkyrka kyrka 46 is part of the Bro-Martebo Group as she sees more similarities than differences between the Martebo-type stones and the Bro-type stones. Therefore, she regards all of them as one group and only distinguishes them as stones with minor variations (see also the article on GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV). As mentioned above, GP 428 Stenkyrka kyrka 46 is now regarded as the lower part of GP 268 Martebo kyrka I and is therefore part of another key monument of phase A (Strehlau et al. forthcoming; see also the article on GP 268 Martebo kyrka I). \nHS / SO " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2314", "value_resource_id": 2314, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2314", "display_title": "GP 268 Martebo kyrka I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/aecb9b7fd2144e277ea39955771f9bf58312c293.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0268.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2395", "value_resource_id": 2395, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2395", "display_title": "GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a0f3efc5fb4baf2ee7d66f7a01baf52e87912a20.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0350.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2600", "value_resource_id": 2600, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2600", "display_title": "GP 556 Väskinde Björkome I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/dc260b0a9d0f63cd5c1e8c02abb213d687c27e35.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0556.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2090", "value_resource_id": 2090, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2090", "display_title": "GP 43 Bro kyrka I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e43251593567fd4e0aa467ca0d13c384502017d4.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0043.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2091", "value_resource_id": 2091, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2091", "display_title": "GP 44 Bro kyrka II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4b84267d54155e216a589788ea581cbbf000190f.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0044.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "A (ca. 400-600)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1956, pp. 19–25, bild 1; Hauck 1969, p. 40; 1970, pp. 301, 308; 1980b, p. 540; 1981a, pp. 7–8; 1983a, pp. 533, 536, 543, 546, 569; 1983b, pp. 447–448; 1992a, 454–455; 1992b, p. 143; 1993, p. 410; 1994b, p. 81; 1998a, p. 512; Ellmers 1978a, fig. 7a; Varenius 1992, p. 57, fig. 9; Althaus 1993, pp. 149–152; Pieper 1999, pp. 308–309; Guber 2011, p. 146 cat. no. 73; Oehrl 2011b. p. 67; 2019a, p. 102, pl. 80a–c; in print a; Strehlau et al. forthcoming. " } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC11145" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4959", "value_resource_id": 4959, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4959", "display_title": "3D model for GP0428", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0428_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "274" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1954/55 vid restaurering av Stenkyrka kyrka, då den satt under altarskivan. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands Museum, bildstenshallen. \n\nBeskrivning \nTillhugget fragment av en tidig bildsten (typ A), 49 x 94 cm, med roddarskepp med två rorsmän. Över skeppet en flygande människofigur som kastar ett spjut. Över detta motiv en slingrande svans till en orm. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men den tillhör perioden 400-600. \n\nTolkning \nRoddarskeppet har tolkats som ett dödsskepp i underjorden (Andrén 2012, 2014) och spjutet över skeppet som Odens spjut som kastades vid inledningen av en strid, och som markerade att fienderna var dömda att dö och skulle tillfalla Oden. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "boat" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "oar" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "shield" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "spear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "serpent" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "cabin" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6411166" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "709898" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6393355" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "696536" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgC2Yb3LUhbMTanOD2hsFaTmAdtQAtJfiqq5UK8ea1xJkwo?e=mXtebt" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2314", "o:title": "GP 268 Martebo kyrka I" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2478", "o:title": "GP 433 Stenkyrka kyrka 11" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2049", "o:title": "GP 2 Akebäck kyrka 2" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2205", "o:title": "GP 159 Halla kyrka (I)" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2243", "o:title": "GP 197 Hellvi Ire IV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2235", "o:title": "GP 189 Hejnum Bjärs III" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2600", "o:title": "GP 556 Väskinde Björkome I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2314", "o:title": "GP 268 Martebo kyrka I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2395", "o:title": "GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2314", "o:title": "GP 268 Martebo kyrka I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2435", "o:title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2395", "o:title": "GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4959", "o:title": "3D model for GP0428" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/296", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 296, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2473", "o:id": 2473 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.793225555984826, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.531656617855674, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2600", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2600, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 556 Väskinde Björkome I", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/dc260b0a9d0f63cd5c1e8c02abb213d687c27e35.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/dc260b0a9d0f63cd5c1e8c02abb213d687c27e35.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/dc260b0a9d0f63cd5c1e8c02abb213d687c27e35.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:21+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-24T11:25:59+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4446", "o:id": 4446 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4446", "o:id": 4446 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 556 Väskinde Björkome I" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0556" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/af086ce5-aa45-4fdf-be61-9cf271bda76f", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Re-used in the construction of a bridge in the area of Björkome in Väskinde (also ʻVästkindeʼ) parish (RAÄ Väskinde 159:1). " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Bridge" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väskinde" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väskinde Björkome" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Återfunnen i kulverten under stenbrobron, 1 km söder kyrkan." } ], "ai2:grave": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 306, "property_label": "Grave or Not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM Storage" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "There is not much information about the find circumstances. Lindqvist only notes that: “This stone was found by [Fredrik Nordin] in 1883 when it served as a floor slab in the culvert under the ‘Stenbro’ bridge (1 km south of the church, mark 45.7 on the topographical map 1:100,000, sheet Visby, 1890). It was transferred to SHM in the same year. Presumably, it originally stood in the nearby grave field” (1941/42 II, p. 142). Another picture stone, GP 550 Väskinde Björkome II, was found as a lintel stone in the northern corner of the culvert under the ‘Malmsbro’ bridge, which about 300 m northwest of the ‘Stenbro’ bridge, leading over of the same stream. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2594", "value_resource_id": 2594, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2594", "display_title": "GP 550 Väskinde Björkome II" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment, which is roughly in the shape of a parallelogram, represents an early-type picture stone whose head and lower part (base and root) are broken off. The lateral edges are preserved. “Limestone slab, 9–13 cm thick. The obverse in the main is smooth, but uneven, and possibly in some places hewn before being decorated. The left narrow side survives to a length of 64 cm and is curved inwards slightly more than 0.5 cm lengthwise, most clearly towards the upper end. The right narrow side survives to a length of up to 75 cm and is curved inwards 0.5 cm lengthwise. Both narrow sides are hewn flat at right angles towards the obverse, in places for their entire width (9 cm at the very bottom on the left side). They are separated from the obverse by a chamfer of about 1 cm width. The stone’s width between the surviving parts of the narrow sides is approximately 68 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 142). Originally, the slab probably had a height of 170–200 cm (Hauck 1983a, p. 543, fig. XIV:30). The surface is well-preserved. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "75" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "68" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "13" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 142–143) describes the carvings as follows: “The decoration is executed with hewn lines of up to 5 mm width and 1 mm depth and chiselled background fields of equal depth in the borders, small roundels, and in every second of the crescent fields of the large roundel. In the 7-cm-wide framing borders, a stylised tendril is shown, with a zigzag-shaped stem and alternately emerging ‘leaves’. At the top of the field, a large roundel can be seen, the diameter of which was approximately 56 cm, and below it, two smaller roundels with a diameter of 22 cm and 19 cm, respectively, that both feature spiral decorations. They are connected by an s-shaped band. At the bottom, there is a watercraft that is defined only by a line for the railing, which strongly curves upward at both ends, five oars, two steering oars, and the contours of a high ‘cabin’.” \n\nIn “Gotlands Bildsteine” Lindqvist provides a drawing of the stone by Olof Sörling from 1911 (ibid. fig. 562; ATA run- och bildstenssamling 2440:23), a photograph of the untreated surface and a photograph of the stone painted with black paint (I, figs. 7, 10; taken in 1933 and 1937, ATA run- och bildstenssamling B3:89, 1718:18). Sörling’s drawing essentially matches Lindqvist’s painting, but the oars and rudder of the boat are clearly shorter and the roof of the ʻcabinʼ is only rudimentarily depicted. Also, on the photo of the unpainted stone, the pictorial details identified by Lindqvist are mostly comprehensible. \n\nThe stone belongs to the group of monuments that Karl Hauck in the 1950s re-analysed on the basis of latex impressions (detailed information on these studies and their evaluation, including all relevant literature and images: Oehrl 2019a, pp. 68–84, 286–287 and passim; regarding the Björkome stone, see pp. 152–154, figs. 135a–141b). Hauck sees in the ribbon winding around the two small rondels a snake turning with its mouth wide open towards a rider with shield and flag lance. In Hauck’s view, the boat is equipped with an animal head and a rolled-in stem; its hull, which Lindqvist only hints at by a railing line, can be seen in full in Hauck’s drawing (ibid. fig. 40c), in the form of several planks. The crew at the oars and rudders is also depicted, and on the roof of the cabin are four more men with round shields and flag lances. A spear with a large-barbed tip flies into the picture from the left, crosses the rolled-up sternpost and hovers over the stern. \n\nAs with most of Hauck’s new interpretations of picture stones, the essential part of the results in this case, too, could not be verified on the basis of detailed examination of the stone surface with the RTI method and with the aid of 3D models, or could even be proven wrong. However, Hauck is correct about some constructional details of the rowing boat (ibid. fig. 141b). Indeed, with the digital examination methods, parts of a hull can be detected, in the form of small remnants of the plank lines in the stern area. The same applies to the ring-shaped formations on the roof of the cabin, which Hauck interprets as shields. In fact, four very faint roundish structures can be seen at this point, especially above the right edge of the roof, which become much less distinct towards the left, but in their entirety appear quite uniform and intentional (ibid. figs. 138a–b, 139a–141b). Such a ring-shaped ornamentation of the roof is undoubtedly depicted on the Type A stones GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV, GP 197 Hellvi Ire IV, GP 428 Stenkyrka kyrka 46, and GP 43 Bro kyrka I. The snake’s head drawn by Hauck can also be made quite plausible based on 3D models. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2395", "value_resource_id": 2395, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2395", "display_title": "GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a0f3efc5fb4baf2ee7d66f7a01baf52e87912a20.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0350.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2243", "value_resource_id": 2243, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2243", "display_title": "GP 197 Hellvi Ire IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/94855a3d27d51b795f42d8419b4eef1c2ec89904.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0197.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2473", "value_resource_id": 2473, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2473", "display_title": "GP 428 Stenkyrka kyrka 46", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cf80fb7f442e093cfa7da0317203b32744faf3a3.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0428.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2090", "value_resource_id": 2090, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2090", "display_title": "GP 43 Bro kyrka I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e43251593567fd4e0aa467ca0d13c384502017d4.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0043.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "For the interpretation of the large whorl motif, which is usually taken as a representation of the sun and interpreted in a cosmological and eschatological sense, the pair of smaller roundels which are frequently entwined by serpents, and the rowing boat, which probably represents a ship of the dead, see in detail the article on GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV. \n\nThe meaning of the rings on the roof of the cabin, which Hauck correctly recognised but misunderstood as shields of supposed flag bearers, remains unclear. It is also uncertain whether it is actually a chamber-like structure or rather a tent (Lindqvist 1941/1942 I, p. 62; Müller-Wille et al. 1978, p. 277), a canopy or perhaps a sun-roof (Althaus 1993, p. 10). Tent constructions on deck, in which the crew could sleep during longer voyages, are later recorded in the Icelandic sǫgur (Falk 1912, pp. 10–13). On the Type A picture stones, it could be a rather small tent, presumably for the laying out of a dead person (Ellmers 1986, p. 350). Such a “tent that was on the ship” is mentioned by the Arab diplomat Ahmad Ibn Faḍlān in his report on the burial of a Varangian prince on the Volga in 922 (Togan 1966, pp. 88–90). In a later addition, this construction is described as a kind of canopy: “[...] in the middle of the ship they set up a dome of wood, and that dome they cover with various kinds of cloth” (ibid. pp. 92–93). Such a covering of cloth could also be present in the case of the picture stones. Massive wooden burial chambers with gable roofs for the burial of the dead on deck have survived in some Vendel and Viking Age boat graves (Ellmers 1986, p. 350). In particular, the tent-shaped chamber in the prominent Anglo-Saxon royal tomb at Sutton Hoo, whose boat (Carver 2005, p. 181, figs. 85, 87) corresponds quite well to that of the picture stones, should be mentioned. The rings on the roof of the picture stone boats could simply be decoration, in the case of a massive roof they could be strung shields or perhaps supersized gold rings, which are supposed to represent the wealth of the burial (Oehrl 2019a, p. 154). However, it is also conceivable that we are dealing with rolled-up tent panels. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2395", "value_resource_id": 2395, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2395", "display_title": "GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a0f3efc5fb4baf2ee7d66f7a01baf52e87912a20.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0350.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment represents a tall early-type picture stone, i.e. Type A according to Lindqvist’s typology (“Abschnitt” A), dating to about AD 400 to 600. Lindqvist assigns it to the Martebotypus (1941/42 I, pp. 27–28), which he describes as a more exclusive variant of the Brotypus. The tall monuments of the Brotypus are characterised by a large roundel with a whorl pattern in the upper half and a pair of small disk motifs below. In the Martebotypus, a serpent encircles the small disks, and the border decoration is more elaborate, consisting of a geometrized tendril. Varenius (1992, p. 58, appendix 2) assigns the ship depiction on Väskinde Björkome I to his group 1 (rigglösa skepp), which he dates to between the 5th and the 6th century. Lindqvist calls those ships on Type A stones “Langboote vom Brotypus” (ibid. pp. 62–64). " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "A (ca. 400-600)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 27, 62–63, 110, 112, 125, figs. 7, 10; II, pp. 142–143, fig. 562; Hauck 1983a, p. 543, fig. XIV:30; Larsen 2009, p. 27; Guber 2011, p. 155 cat. no. 92; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 74, 152–154, 160–161, 228, 286, figs. 40c, 135a–141b " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1976:6305" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väskinde 159:1" } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Västkinde, Björkome I" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/5087", "value_resource_id": 5087, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/5087", "display_title": "3D model for GP0556", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0556_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "335" } ], "ai2:shmID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 311, "property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "7570" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildsten påträffades 1883, då den användes i en brokonstruktion. Överfördes samma år till Statens historiska museum. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStatens historiska museums magasin i Tumba. \n\nBeskrivning \nMellersta delen av en tidig bildsten (period A), bevarad längd 75 cm och bredd 68 cm. I den övre delen en stor rundel, under den två mindre rundlar och under dem ett fartyg, med sju åror och en hytt. \n\nInskrift \nIngen inskrift \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, men tillhör perioden 400-600. \n\nTolkning \nFör tolkning se GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV. \n\nAA " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2395", "value_resource_id": 2395, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2395", "display_title": "GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a0f3efc5fb4baf2ee7d66f7a01baf52e87912a20.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0350.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "circle" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "whorl" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "spiral" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "boat" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "oar" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "snake" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "shield" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sun" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "spear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "cabin" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6398427" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "704140" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6581391" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "675775" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgDfotnPqH5uQqh1iGAaMN8JAcaL5OZCa1vvOE_dVWjoOKU?e=7IXZrq" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2594", "o:title": "GP 550 Väskinde Björkome II" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2072", "o:title": "GP 25 Atlingbo kyrka (I)" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2100", "o:title": "GP 53 Burs kyrka I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2473", "o:title": "GP 428 Stenkyrka kyrka 46" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2243", "o:title": "GP 197 Hellvi Ire IV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2235", "o:title": "GP 189 Hejnum Bjärs III" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2473", "o:title": "GP 428 Stenkyrka kyrka 46" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2314", "o:title": "GP 268 Martebo kyrka I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2395", "o:title": "GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/5087", "o:title": "3D model for GP0556" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/408", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 408, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2600", "o:id": 2600 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.68166239499021, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.42415336200861, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2605", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2605, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 561 Väte Gullarve", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/c89e316930bb76d11c3e308904bae3dac0df0f6a.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/c89e316930bb76d11c3e308904bae3dac0df0f6a.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c89e316930bb76d11c3e308904bae3dac0df0f6a.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:21+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-24T11:28:12+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3999", "o:id": 3999 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3999", "o:id": 3999 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3810", "o:id": 3810 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3811", "o:id": 3811 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3815", "o:id": 3815 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 561 Väte Gullarve" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0561" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "An agricultural field belonging to the property of Gullarve farm in Väte parish. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Agricultural Field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väte" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väte Gullarve" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Funnen i en åker vid utgrävning av en grav (Lindqvist 1942:144). I föremålskatalogen GF står dock att den återfanns vid dikesgrävning." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Magasin Visborg" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Very little information about the find circumstances is available. Lindqvist notes in his book (1941/42 II, p. 144): “This picture stone was found around 1890 in an agricultural field during the digging of a ditch. It is said to have been approximately 1 m under the surface.” According to further information kept in the archives of Gotlands Museum, the stone was registered by Fornsalen in 1909, when it was still situated at the farmstead of Gullarve (Storgården) and donated to the Museum by the landowner Henrik Johansson in 1911. In 2010, the stone was in the depot of Kulturreservatet Norrbys in Väte parish, but between 2010 and 2013 it was transferred to Gotlands Museum storage in Visborg. There are no registered burial grounds or stone settings on the property of Gullarve gård. However, there is a complex of prehistoric house foundations and stone enclosures (Gullarve Änge) just south of Botarve gård, on the other side of the road (RAÄ Gullarve 15 and 41). " } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, about 23 cm thick. The obverse is even, on the bodies upper part the narrow sides are hewn at right angles towards the obverse and rounded towards the back; elsewhere, they are chamfered towards the back. The reverse is rough and unworked. Surviving height 183 cm. The head is 96 cm wide, the neck 87 cm, and the base 92 cm.” The picture stoneʼs root is missing, otherwise the monument is entirely preserved. However, the edges are abraded and the surface heavily weathered. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "184" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "97" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "23" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "There are no less than four varying versions of documentation of the stone and its decoration. The earliest one is a drawing from Olof Sörling dating to around 1910, depicting only a few parts of the border decoration and the chequered sail of a ship (ATA 2440:22; Oehrl 2019a, pl. 186d). In ATAʼs run- och bildstenssamling, two photos of the painted stone taken by Harald Faith-Ell in 1933 are kept, which differ in some crucial aspects. The first, which represents the only picture reproduced in Lindqvistʼs book (1941/42 I, fig. 78), depicts a framing interlace border and two image fields on the monumentʼs body (ATA 1719:4). The lower field features a ship with chequered sail and some remains of the rigging and very indistinct contours of the crewmen. The upper panel shows the body and legs of a horse, turning to the right, surrounded by indefinable bas-relief fields. This panel and the completely weathered head field are separated from each other by a horizontal border with a cross-hatched pattern. The second 1933 version of the stone, however, which was not published by Lindqvist, features a much clearer picture of the ship, including three waves at the bottom, a rudder, and a crewman with round shield (ATA 1751:17; Oehrl 2019a, pl. 186c). The horse is more detailed as well, featuring its complete head, and a rider leaning back on his mount. In the head field, remains of a horizontal border can be seen, dividing it into two panels. A photo taken by Raymond Hejdström which is kept in the archives of Gotlands Museum (neg. nr. XXI:579) appears to represent the same painted version of the stone; however, the image is sharper and shows the details a bit better. \n\nLindqvist describes the carvings as follows (1941/42 II, p. 144): “The decoration was sketched out in thin lines by a sharp instrument and then partly widened into narrow chiselled lines with rounded bases. Every second square of the sail and the background fields are carved into the stone. The framing border is filled with an interlace of s-shaped elements, the pattern of which was first interpreted by [Gabriel Gustafson]. The field above the horizontal border appears to have been divided into two panels of equal height, but their imagery can no longer be identified. In the third panel, only the background field under the horse’s belly is clearly visible, while the horseman and everything else can be discerned only vaguely. The details of the ship with its rounded stems and the chequered sail as well as of the waves beneath it also by no means are always clear.” \n\nIn the 1950s, Karl Hauck examined the stone based on a latex cast, trying to identify further details of the decoration. His drawing (which he did never publish) features a whole range of astonishing but implausible new details and figures, such as a manned carriage in the head field, as well as a woman with a drinking horn and a bucket welcoming the horseman, who is blowing a hunting horn and holding a raptor on his outstretched fist (Oehrl 2019a, pl. 40a–b). The figures are marvelously detailed and therefore appear very dubious and untrustworthy. Sigmund Oehrl checked Hauckʼs documentation and came to the conclusion that the great majority of his additions are without verifiable foundation (ibid. pp. 68–84, 286–287). In most cases, however, Hauckʼs overflowing interpretations contain certain elements of the surface structure which indeed, on the basis of digital images applications, can be verified. In the case of Väte Gullarve, there is a shape documentable above the back of the horse, which actually could represent the very faint remains of a bird (ibid. pp. 180, 286, pls. 187a–b; Oehrl in print b). " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Regarding the interpretation of the ship and equestrian motifs, see in particular GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III, concerning the horseman and adventus motive see also GP 94 Garda Bote, GP 209 Klinte Hunninge I, GP 21 Ardre Kyrka VIII and GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I. A depiction of a mounted falconer whith a hunting bird on his fist can be seen on GP 212 Klinte Hunninge IV (Klintebys); see the relevant article for more information on the iconography of falconry. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2435", "value_resource_id": 2435, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2435", "display_title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a0f811d100f91402796fd53985ba29b1d786c49.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0390.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2141", "value_resource_id": 2141, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2141", "display_title": "GP0094", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/89d351acb925a49bbbc69ed6cd935473f2384af3.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0094.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2255", "value_resource_id": 2255, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2255", "display_title": "GP0209", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0e23943917d457212ccf0fc888de9f993ebb9778.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0209.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2258", "value_resource_id": 2258, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2258", "display_title": "GP 212 Klinte Hunninge (IV) (Klintebys)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/403f779f9a82ef3ff7d10083df0c57792d7a2877.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0212.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall mushroom-shaped late type picture stone. Lindqvist regards the stone from Gullarve as an ʻAbschnittʼ C monument, dating around AD 700. Such late-type picture stones (Type C/D) can only be roughly dated to the period between the 8th century (or rather around AD 800) and circa 1000. Lindqvist ascribes Väte Gullarve to his small ʻhybrid groupʼ (Hybridengruppe) of ʻstones with horizontally oriented cornersʼ (Steine mit horizontalgerichteten Ecken). Those monuments, such as GP 37 Bro Eriks I, GP 45 Bro Eriks II, GP 185 Hejnum Rings and GP 191 Hejnum Mallgårds 1 (as well as the Type E stone GP 32 Boge kyrka, which represents a palimpsest) feature a slightly convex head and corners protruding at right angles to the body (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, tbl. III). This head shape corresponds to certain Type B dwarf stones. Therefore, Lindqvist (ibid. p. 46) regards these picture stones as a Hybridengruppe, probably representing a phase of transition between ʻAbschnittʼ B and C. If this interpretation is correct, those stones could be regarded as the earliest Type C/D stones, presumably dating to the 8th century or possibly around 700. However, Väte Gullarve differs from those stones as its head is semi-circular and thus the corners do not really protrude horizontally. Lindqvistʼs assignment can certainly be questioned. \n\nAccording to Martin Rundkvist’s (2012) typology, the stone’s shape represents Type tall3, which occurs in his periods 5 (Early Viking Period), and 7 (Late Viking Period). Imer (2004, p. 104), however, dates the monument to between AD 750 and circa 900, and Varenius (1992, appendix 2), based on his analysis of the ship’s rigging (group III segelskepp med skot hanfot), to the 9th or 10th century. The chessboard pattern of the sail, formed by horizontal and vertical lines – differing from most ship depictions that feature rhombic patterns formed by diagonal lines – represents a special characteristic of the Gullarve stone (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 117). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2084", "value_resource_id": 2084, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2084", "display_title": "GP0037", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/49e5d0744d4567eff73da218d9c0b41f3f202a35.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0037.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2092", "value_resource_id": 2092, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2092", "display_title": "GP0045", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1a7fed3f3c9db0e91e02faae04e0847813ef2afc.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0045.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2231", "value_resource_id": 2231, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2231", "display_title": "GP 185 Hejnum Rings", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/30045aa2d70af628da4ac73f170885e647fddf80.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0185A.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2237", "value_resource_id": 2237, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2237", "display_title": "GP 191 Hejnum Mallgårds 1", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/855ec9431b6c9e9bfbe4f6c67dad7f8bf35813e5.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0191.JPG", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2079", "value_resource_id": 2079, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2079", "display_title": "GP 32 Boge kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/654d1307c8195d98c52882ecdf4f2f2a47998687.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0032A.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 71, 117, fig. 78; II, p. 144; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 74, 180–181, 227–228, 276, 286, pls. 40a–b, 186a–d, 187a–b. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Väte, Gullarve" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC1668" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/5092", "value_resource_id": 5092, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/5092", "display_title": "3D model for GP0561", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0561_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "340" } ], "ai2:limestoneType": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 325, "property_label": "Limestone Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "coarse reef debris limestone" } ], "ai2:geologicalGroup": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 326, "property_label": "Geological Group", "is_public": true, "@value": "Klinteberg Formation (30%)" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nPåträffades omkring 1890 vid dikesgrävning i åker tillhörande gården Gullarve. Donerades till Gotlands museum 1911. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museum, magasinet på Visborgsslätt. \n\nBeskrivning \nHelt bevarad stor svampformig bildsten (period CD), 183 cm hög och som bredast 96 cm. På stenen nederdel finns ett skepp med segel och svaga spår av besättning. Över skeppet finns spår av en häst och en stående person, sannolikt ett välkomstmotiv. \n\nDatering \nDateringen oklar, men tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nVälkomstmotivet kan representera en valkyria som mottar en död man i Valhall. \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "shield" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "bird" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6373002" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "702261" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6390259" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "695514" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgDt0Wt9Ja6ATqYy-GXJCfMfAbglB2549LqI1Xwor1p7ZKM?e=V9TC2O" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2231", "o:title": "GP 185 Hejnum Rings" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2272", "o:title": "GP 226 Källunge kyrka 8" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2584", "o:title": "GP 540 Visby St Hans I" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/5092", "o:title": "3D model for GP0561" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/413", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 413, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2605", "o:id": 2605 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.454524007572104, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.37153519783817, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2111", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2111, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 64 Buttle kyrka", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/cbbef45acda3f3814af1e274970f6f143e86d197.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/cbbef45acda3f3814af1e274970f6f143e86d197.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/cbbef45acda3f3814af1e274970f6f143e86d197.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:09+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-21T11:05:47+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4004", "o:id": 4004 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4004", "o:id": 4004 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/2917", "o:id": 2917 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/2918", "o:id": 2918 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 64 Buttle kyrka" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0064" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/11b6acee-b052-4dd4-826b-690d700989f5", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "In the choir of Buttle church. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Buttle" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Buttle kyrka" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "I kyrkans korgolv omedelbart framför altaret." } ], "ai2:presentLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 297, "property_label": "Parish Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Buttle" } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "In the church, incorporated into the floor immediately in front of the altar." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" }, { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "In-Loco" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Buttle kyrka" } ], "ai2:presentLocationNote": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 294, "property_label": "Context Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "I kyrkan framför altaret." } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment was found by Beata Böttger-Niedenzu in 1981. In 1982, Böttger-Niedenzu submitted her master’s thesis on Gotland’s picture stones to the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, and during the years 1981 to 1985, she visited the Gotlandic rural churches, discovering not fewer than 38 previously unknown picture stones, which she published in a brief catalogue in 1988. This stone is embedded into the floor of the choir, right in front of the altar. The short sides of the rectangular slab are directed to the north and south, its long sides to the east and west, with the eastern side directly neighbouring the altar stone. \n\nButtle church was erected as a Romanesque building with nave and apsidal choir in the second half of the 12th century, while the tower was finished in the early 13th century. In the middle of the 14th century, the old choir was pulled down and replaced by the present rectangular choir. \n\nSO" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The picture stone has been trimmed to rectangular shape, 1.53 m in length and 0.67 m in width. The limestone is grey, with some dark and blackish parts and red spots. The surface is a bit uneven but the bas-relief carvings are hardly worn and well discernable, which is surprising considering its exposed positioning. As a part of the monument’s root (in the south), border decoration at both long sides, an entire ship depiction, and at least one upper image panel (in the north) are preserved, the fragment has to be regarded as an almost complete picture stone. Only the edges and the head are missing. \n\nSO" } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "153" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "67" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "On both long sides of the rectangular fragment, parts of the border decoration are preserved, forming a typical interlace pattern. The lowermost section of the fragment, which is placed in the south, represents a part of the undecorated root of the picture stone and is divided from the carved area by a simple line. Just above this line, an irregular zigzag band stands out against a well carved lower background, apparently representing waves of the sea. Above the waves, dominating most of the surface, a complete ship depiction is preserved. Eight crewmen are traceable with some difficulty, possibly wearing beards, shields and headgear. Each man holds a sheet which runs towards the sail, forming a confusing net of rigging. Another two ropes appear to lead from the stern to the sail. An almost vertical band just to the left of the ship, which runs downwards until it reaches the waves, could be regarded as a rudder, depicted in a similarly unusual manner as on GP 170 Halla kyrka 5. Behind the stem, on board of the ship, two vertical spears could be visible, which would be unusual as well, as those weapons are normally placed behind the stern, for instance on GP 253 Lärbro St. Hammars I, GP 397 Stenkyrka Smiss I, GP 184 Hejnum Riddare, GP 536 Vallstena kyrka, GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII, and GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I. The rectangular sail is framed and its rhombic decoration is formed by simply carved lines. \n\nThe upper framing of the sail also represents the bottom frame of the image panel above the ship. A small weathervane on the ship’s masthead rises up into the image panel above. Furthermore, there is a kind of vertical extension leading from the vane to the upper frame of the panel, dividing it into two halves. This panel, which is completely preserved, depicts two confronting groups of bearded men with raised swords. It is difficult to trace them in all details. However, there appear to be three or four swordsmen to the right (east) and four or five warriors to the left (west) of the weathervane. According to an entry in the inventory book of RAÄ dating to 1982 (Tillägg: Dnr 1860/82 82-08-04), there is a depiction of men hanging in a tree somewhere located above the ship. This suggestion traces back to Eric Nylén (according to a letter addressed to Jan Peder Lamm dating to the 26th of April 1982, kept in ATA, RAGU 55/82). However, it is by no means verifiable and appears to be based on inappropriate inspection methods. \n\nAbove the fighting scene, approximately the lower half of a third image panel is preserved. According to Böttger-Niedenzu, the only discernable depictions are a zigzag band in the left and some vertical elements in the right half of the panel. However, on the basis of RTI technology, Oehrl (2019a, p. 90, pls. 58b–c) was able to identify a strange-looking toothed object, almost crown-like, in the right half of the panel, just above the group of swordsmen. The same enigmatic object appears to occur on GP 244 Lokrume kyrka, hovering above the head of a male figure (i.e., the rightmost figure on the image panel above the ship). An almost identical shape is depicted on GP 341 Sanda kyrka I, behind a group of three men with different tools or weapons in their hands, forming a kind of procession. A disc-shaped object is placed right above the ʻcrownʼ. Last but not least, such a crown-like object can be seen on the Late Viking Age rune stone from Hargs skog in Uppland (U 595), where it is also placed under a disc-shaped object, which is held by two human figures. The crown-shaped object has been interpreted as a depiction of fire, its prongs representing flames (Jungner 1930, pp. 67–69; Lindqvist 1941/42 II p. 109; Jansson/Wessén 1940–1958 vol. 2, p. 497; Plassmann 1959, p. 244; Arrhenius 1961, pp. 152–153; Lindqvist 1964, p. 76). \n\nSO" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2216", "value_resource_id": 2216, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2216", "display_title": "GP 170 Halla kyrka 5", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f751f5783f8dc1a45b773019f59db2f6e2027116.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0170.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2299", "value_resource_id": 2299, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2299", "display_title": "GP 253 Lärbro Stora Hammars I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d633dfb0db357f71c420b161a1e48e1024726ee9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0253", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2442", "value_resource_id": 2442, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2442", "display_title": "GP0397", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/798a73062f0eba6b00029bc4865ce36e1df5e242.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0397.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2230", "value_resource_id": 2230, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2230", "display_title": "GP 184 Hejnum Riddare", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/34a2b9d36525176944078b6aa9a6e590ac4b20dd.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0184.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2580", "value_resource_id": 2580, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2580", "display_title": "GP 536 Vallstena kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/3b886bdd02e01cab4464f4a464d2e2c701e8ac26.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0536A.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068", "value_resource_id": 2068, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2068", "display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052", "value_resource_id": 2052, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2052", "display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2290", "value_resource_id": 2290, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2290", "display_title": "GP 244 Lokrume kyrka", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/8bfebd3965015e2868ab4f17511bb2f16da86821.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0244.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2386", "value_resource_id": 2386, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2386", "display_title": "GP 341 Sanda kyrka I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b0a22f8bf7599dea66636e834db9b3016d8d9552.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0341.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "No interpretation" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment certainly represents a Type C/D stone, dating to between the 8th century and the 10th century. The arrangement of a group of sword bearing warriors just above the sail might be comparable to GP 184 Hejnum Riddare, which belongs to Lindqvist’s so-called Lärbro group. The strange form and positioning of the rudder is reminiscent of GP 170 Halla kyrka 5, and a comparable weather vane rising up into the upper panel is depicted on GP 397 Stenkyrka Smiss I. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2230", "value_resource_id": 2230, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2230", "display_title": "GP 184 Hejnum Riddare", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/34a2b9d36525176944078b6aa9a6e590ac4b20dd.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0184.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2216", "value_resource_id": 2216, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2216", "display_title": "GP 170 Halla kyrka 5", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f751f5783f8dc1a45b773019f59db2f6e2027116.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0170.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2442", "value_resource_id": 2442, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2442", "display_title": "GP0397", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/798a73062f0eba6b00029bc4865ce36e1df5e242.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0397.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "Unknown" } ], "ai2:runicInscription": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 286, "property_label": "Runic Inscription", "is_public": true, "@value": "Even though it is very unlikely, three vertical lines on the right half of the ship’s hull could be regarded as staves of a badly preserved and almost completely vanished runic inscription. There are no twigs discernable and the placement would be rather unusual for an inscription. However, on GP 111 Gothem kyrka 4 the runic inscription (G 157) is placed on the ship as well, directly on its sail. The ʻstavesʼ are not mentioned by Böttger-Niedenzu but were detected by Oehrl on the basis of RTI analysis in 2015. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 286, "property_label": "Runic Inscription", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2158", "value_resource_id": 2158, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2158", "display_title": "GP0111", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4b7ec6b89a9c25ebf69b3765d21cd47ae99bfa2e.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0111.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Böttger-Niedenzu 1988, pp. 3–4, drawing 1; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 40, 90, 287, pls. 58a–c. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1977:5943" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Buttle 246:1" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4597", "value_resource_id": 4597, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4597", "display_title": "3D model for GP0064", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0064_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "399" } ], "ai2:dateOfDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 302, "property_label": "Year of Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "1981" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1981, liggande i golvet framför altaret i Buttle kyrka. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nBildstenen ligger på samma plats som 1981. \n\nBeskrivning \nStörre delen av en svampformad bildsten (typ C-D), 153 x 67 cm. På stenen vågor i zigzag-mönster, ett skepp med segel och vindflöjel. På skeppet åtta sköldbärande män som håller i riggen. Över skeppet en stridscen med två grupper av krigare med höjda svärd. Över stridscenen en kronliknande bild som kan representera en eld med flammor. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men tillhör perioden 700-900-talen (vikingatiden). \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning \n\nAA " } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "interlace" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "waves" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "beard" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "shield" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "headgear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "spear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sword" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "warrior" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "tree" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "crown" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "fire" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "weathervane" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6367721" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "712071" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6367721" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "712071" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgBK6wY5joq1TLKGrv3mLbMAAbYlzrJrmqBmGHfwS6E6UvY?e=NJ3yvy" } ], "ai2:lastInspected": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 315, "property_label": "Last Inspected", "is_public": true, "@value": "13.08.2022 (Cecilia Ljung)" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4597", "o:title": "3D model for GP0064" } ] }, "o-module-mapping:marker": [ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/85", "@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker", "o:id": 85, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2111", "o:id": 2111 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.40270149829448, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.530147611126722, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2124", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2124, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 77 Eskelhem Larsarve I", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/1d5e2e006d595a79bd4fae7e116a544c8efbfab0.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/1d5e2e006d595a79bd4fae7e116a544c8efbfab0.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1d5e2e006d595a79bd4fae7e116a544c8efbfab0.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:09+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-21T11:14:29+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4012", "o:id": 4012 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4012", "o:id": 4012 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4013", "o:id": 4013 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/2950", "o:id": 2950 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 77 Eskelhem Larsarve I" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0077" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "A meadow (probably a small burial ground) near Larsarve in Eskelhem parish. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Agricultural Field" }, { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Eskelhem" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Eskelhem Larsarve" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Återfunnen tillsammans med GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II vid uppodling av \"Sprängänget\" nedanför Larsarve" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Fornsalen" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Bildstenshallen" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Both stones, Eskelhem Larsarve I and GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II, are mentioned by Per Arvid Säve in his Berättelser (1863, p. 192; 1864, p. 311). They […] “obviously were hewn at the same time and probably were intended to form a single monument” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 42). They were found “[…] about 1863 by Mr Joh. Carlsson, Ekeby, while cultivating land in ‘Sprängänget’ below Larsarve, at a distance of several ells from each other. No. II was lying just below the turf between ashes, burnt bones, and field stone roundels, at a small mound” (ibid.). Lindqvist considers those stones to have been placed pairwise on graves. About 100–200 m west-southwest of the farmstead, just south of the main road, three circular stone settings can still be observed (RAÄ Eskelhem 26:1 and 27:1–2), which are 8, 9, and 26 m in diameter. Next to the farm buildings, circa 15 m to the east, a (grave?) mound of approximately 1 m height is registered (RAÄ Eskelhem 69:1). Apparently, there was a small burial ground from which the two Larsave stones originate. Today, the two stones are on exhibition in Gotlands Fornsal, arranged as a facing pair, as if marking a grave. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2125", "value_resource_id": 2125, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2125", "display_title": "GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c7e58da9957feb9e6b5699c48a27eae93f85501f.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0078.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist describes both slabs as follows: “Similar limestone slabs with smooth structure over the root, which then is slightly rougher, 4.5 cm and 5 cm thick, respectively. On both stones, the broad sides have been dressed upwards of the root but not levelled; apparently, no chamfers were fashioned between them. Height 1 m and 82 cm, 72 and 52 cm of which are above the root, respectively. Width at the corners 53 and 47 cm, at the bases about 34 and 31 cm, respectively”. Eskelhem Larsarve I was broken into four pieces when it was delivered to Gotlands Museum – two fragments of the slabʼs upper half, the lower part including the massive square root, and a small piece of the right-hand edge. Two small sections, one at the lower right-hand edge and one almost in the middle of the stone, were missing. The pieces have been put together and missing parts reconstructed. GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II was discovered undamaged and completely preserved, including the rough and shapeless root part. The smooth surface of both stones and their fine carvings are well-preserved. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2125", "value_resource_id": 2125, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2125", "display_title": "GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c7e58da9957feb9e6b5699c48a27eae93f85501f.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0078.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "100" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "53" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "5" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "The carvings have been traced with paint. However, photos of the yet unpainted stones (482:13b, 1648:55–56, B3:61) as well as drawings by Olof Sörling from 1910/11 are kept in ATAʼs “Run- och bildstenssamling” and have been published in Lindqvistʼs book (see X). The well-preserved depictions on both slabs are described by Lindqvist as followings: “The decoration mainly was executed in very fine (chisel?) lines, but all around and within the figure-of-eight-shaped band figures in the borders of stone No. I, the background fields have been carved as if by chip carving – just as the field between the quadruped’s front legs of stone No. II. On each stone, one face features a border and a rectangular grid above the lowermost part of the field; above, there is on No. I a watercraft with rounded stems, the elevated ends of which terminate in animal heads, a small, tabular sail on a high mast that appears to be rigged with both forestay and backstay attached to the stem-heads, as well as the torsos of three crewmen jutting out over the railing; the steering oar is attached to the port side. Instead of this image of a ship, the corresponding face of No. II features two four-legged animals, heraldically juxtaposed and shown in profile. The other broad side of No. I was given the same border as the face described above, while the reverse of No. II was left entirely smooth” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 42). Due to their characteristic body shape and the form of their heads, the two identical antithetic quadrupeds can be interpreted as horses, even though no tails are depicted (cf. ibid. I, p. 89; while Guber [2011, pp. 53–59] for some reason separates them from the horses and just calls them “Vierbeiner”). " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The depiction of two facing horses on GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II can be associated with similar images on several Type A picture stones, which on the basis of the Migration Period picture stone from Häggeby in Uppland and medieval literary sources are commonly interpreted as depictions of ritual horse fights – GP 198 Hellvi Ire 7, GP 99 Garda kyrka 3, GP 554 Väskinde kyrka 5, GP 132 Hablingbo Havor I, and probably also the Type B stone GP 578 Alva Änge. The topic of horse fights (called hestavíg in Old Norse literature) and horse sacrifice in the iconography of the (early) Gotland picture stones has often been discussed, see in particular GP 198 Hellvi Ire 7 and the following literature: Gjessing 1943, pp. 29–30; Lindqvst 1955, pp. 41–43; Ellmers 1970, pp. 243–245; Lamm/Nylén 2003, p. 26; Althaus 1993, pp. 87–89, 192–193; Lamm 1999; Beck 2003, pp. 96–97; Guber 2011, pp. 55–56; Pesch 2015a, p. 357; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 62–63. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2125", "value_resource_id": 2125, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2125", "display_title": "GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c7e58da9957feb9e6b5699c48a27eae93f85501f.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0078.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2244", "value_resource_id": 2244, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2244", "display_title": "GP 198 Hellvi Ire 7" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2146", "value_resource_id": 2146, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2146", "display_title": "GP 99 Garda kyrka 3", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/73513d4574193875b1bb8c7af1eca22b30f32e41.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0099.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2598", "value_resource_id": 2598, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2598", "display_title": "GP0554", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c8dddf303f0e7592b7a4ce274307145933b0f467.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0554.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2178", "value_resource_id": 2178, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2178", "display_title": "GP 132 Hablingbo Havor I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4c1a0d3d1a6d42f9571d0dcca85841b3fc3ccc46.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0132.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2621", "value_resource_id": 2621, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2621", "display_title": "GP 578 Alva änge", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7f75e4fcad20bca6570d71906b0824868ef7351b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0578.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Middle type “dwarf stone”, i.e., Type B according to Lindqvist, dating to between AD 500 and 700. The Larsarve stones belong to those few Type B stones which feature a semicircular head with pronounced corners slanting diagonally down towards the main body (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 38–40). The second main characteristic of the Larsarve stones is the shape of their body, narrowing towards the bottom. Lindqvist separates the two stones from the rest of Type B and treats them as a further sub-group, called Larsarvesteine (ibid. 38, tab. II). According to Lindqvist, the Larsarvesteine represent the result of a further development within the Stenstugruppe (ibid. 40), where similar head and body forms already occurred. Even the iconography and style (crew aboard the sailing ship, shape of the horses) may indicate a late date within “Abschnitt” B, at the transition to “Abschnitt” C/D (cf. ibid. 117). Varenius (1992, p. 63, appendix 2) assigns the ship depiction on Eskelhem Larsarve I (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 64–66: Segelfahrzeuge vom Rikvidetypus) to his group 2 (enkel rigg), which he dates to the period between the 7th and the 9th centuries. Rundkvist (2012, p. 159), however, based on his typological analysis, dates the Larsarve monument to the Middle Vendel Period (Type dwarf3). " } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Dwarf stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "B (ca. 500-700)" }, { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941, pp. 16, 19, fig. 1; 1941/42 I, pp. 40, 64-66, 89, 117, 120, figs. 71–76, 227; II, p. 40, fig. 342; Gjessing 1943, 69–70, 105, fig. 5.3b; Varenius 1992, p. 63, fig. 28; Lamm/Nylén 2003, 43; Guber 2011, pp. 59, 115–116, cat. nos. 12–13; Rundkvist 2012, pp. 157, 159; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 11, 63, 145, 149, pl. 2g, 28d. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Eskelhem, Larsarve I" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFA2140" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4610", "value_resource_id": 4610, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4610", "display_title": "3D model for GP0077", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0077_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "54a" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nPåträffades omkring 1863 tillsammans med GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II vid uppodling av Sprängänget nära gården Larsarve. Vid fyndplatsen rester av ett mindre gravfält. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museum, Bildstenshallen, placerad tillsammans med GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve I, så att de bildar en markering av en grav. \n\nBeskrivning \nTvå fragment av en dvärgsten (period B). Bevarad höjd 82 cm och som bredast 47 cm. Kantdekor bevarad, liksom bild av skepp, med mast segel och tre besättningsmän. \n\nDatering \nDateringen oklar, men den tillhör perioden 500-600-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2125", "value_resource_id": 2125, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2125", "display_title": "GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c7e58da9957feb9e6b5699c48a27eae93f85501f.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0078.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ship" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sail" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mast" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "oar" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rudder" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "man" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "animal" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "head" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6393355" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "696536" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgCq0RZBpJr_T4IY3CPUHl-EAeyckD52aPz03h9G5S0ZHLA?e=QhsSec" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2125", "o:title": "GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2125", "o:title": "GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2121", "o:title": "GP 74 Endre skog" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2125", "o:title": "GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2130", "o:title": "GP 83 Fole kyrka" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2203", "o:title": "GP 157 Halla Broa XII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2212", "o:title": "GP 166 Halla Broa XVIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2272", "o:title": "GP 226 Källunge kyrka 8" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2336", "o:title": "GP 290 Unknown Find Spot" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2125", "o:title": "GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4610", "o:title": "3D model for GP0077" } ] } } ]