[ { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2178", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2178, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 132 Hablingbo Havor I", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/4c1a0d3d1a6d42f9571d0dcca85841b3fc3ccc46.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/4c1a0d3d1a6d42f9571d0dcca85841b3fc3ccc46.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4c1a0d3d1a6d42f9571d0dcca85841b3fc3ccc46.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:10+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-21T11:51:17+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4188", "o:id": 4188 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4188", "o:id": 4188 } ], "o:item_set": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/item_sets/4078", "o:id": 4078 } ], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 132 Hablingbo Havor I" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0132" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Uncovered by farmer Mårten Pettersson during gravel extraction in the central area of the cemetery of Havor in Hablingbo parish. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave-field" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hablingbo" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hablingbo Havor" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hittades i grustäkten vid kanten av det stora gravfältet nordväst om Havor. Stenen hittades på norra sidan av en S-formig krök av \"alten Weges und Walde\" , troligtvis 40m öster om grav 96 helt norr om stavelsen -par i ordet \"grusgropar\" på kartan VWG." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Historiska Museet" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "SHM" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "According to a letter from the finder Mårten Petterson to Hans Hildebrand dated November 22nd, 1881, the picture stone was found the same year during gravel extraction in the cemetery of Havor, Hablingbo parish, and was sent to Statens Historiska Museum in Stockholm at the request of Fredrik Nordin. Pettersson, who was living on the farm the Stora Havor, had already discovered artefacts from a grave in the cemetery a few years earlier and sold them to Gabriel Gustafson. The purchase of the grave inventory in 1877 and the discovery of the image stone four years later prompted Gustafson to apply to Kungliga Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien for funds to excavate the Havor cemetery, which took place between 1884–1888 (Toplak, in press). \n\nThe cemetery of Havor lies in the southern part of Gotland, on the southern banks of the former lake and later moorland of Mästermyr, on the northern outskirts of Hablingbo parish, some kilometres east of the western shore of Gotland. The area, which today is widely forested, stretches around 750 meters from east-northeast to west-southwest on a gravel ridge. Around 260 of approximately 370 registered graves were excavated, dating from the Pre-Roman Iron Age to the late Viking Age, with a hiatus in the late Vendel Period and the Early Viking Age (Nylén 1955, pp. 61–64; Toplak, in press). The north-eastern and probably oldest part of the cemetery was heavily disturbed by gravel extraction from the middle of the 19th century onwards, which led to the discovery of the picture stone Hablingbo Havor I, and the extent as well as the original number of burials in this area remain uncertain. Some smaller groups of graves can be found at the southwestern periphery of the cemetery, either constituting the outer edges of the burial area or belonging to separate cemeteries. The cemetery at Havor is part of a unique complex with an uninterrupted continuity of settlement from the late Bronze Age to the late Viking Age (Manneke 2005; Manneke et al. 2013). Approximately 800 meters east of the cemetery lie a ringfort, several buildings with stone foundations as well as the remains of further settlements in the direct surrounding area. The ringfort was built at the latest at the end of the Pre-Roman Iron Age and was used in several phases at least until the end of the Migration Period as a meeting place and arena for socio-political or religious activities. Remains of settlements north of the ringfort can be dated back to the late Bronze Age or early Iron Age and are therefore slightly older than the earliest burials from the Pre-Roman Iron Age in the cemetery. Several stone foundations south of the ringfort and the rich finds from settlements, graves and the ringfort – such as Roman imports or golden jewellery and especially the unique hoard with a golden neck ring (Nylén 1962; 2005) – bear witness to the great regional significance of Havor as a socio-political or religious central place in the Roman Iron Age and the Migration Period. Following a decline of Havor in the Vendel Period, the late Viking Age burials attest a revival of the local society, probably due to increasing trading activities, but also a significant return to older traditions such as the re-use of older graves or the incorporation of picture stones in burials (Toplak 2022; in press). \n\nThe circumstances of the find as well as the exact location of the picture stone remain uncertain. The location was roughly described and sketched by Nordin in a letter to Riksantikvarieämbete, dated October 16th, 1918. It is likely that the picture stone Hablingbo Havor I came from a demolished grave in the central area of the cemetery, next to the winding path that crosses the cemetery from east to west and around 40 metres to the east of several large grave mounds (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 53–54). The picture stone was probably re-used as a grave slab or as part of the stone cist in a Viking Age burial, just as the picture stones GP 133–138 Hablingbo Havor II–VII (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 54–56; Toplak 2022; in press) and several other picture stones on Gotlandic Viking Age cemeteries (see Burström 1996; Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 III, pp. 582–584; Rundkvist 2012; Toplak 2022; Oehrl/Toplak, in press). \n\nMT\n" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2179", "value_resource_id": 2179, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2179", "display_title": "GP 133 Hablingbo Havor II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e0f6b96868dbac9dc4e4f6edd7f11522f42381c6.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0133.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2180", "value_resource_id": 2180, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2180", "display_title": "GP 134 Hablingbo Havor III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d62cd22696351df692849295269f7adea50655e9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0134.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2181", "value_resource_id": 2181, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2181", "display_title": "GP 135 Hablingbo Havor IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/561dc5b7c26a30c2766f576bc70d6aa4614d01be.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0135.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2182", "value_resource_id": 2182, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2182", "display_title": "GP 136 Hablingbo Havor V", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f7661acbdc9db5ff8d8bfb8234edecd88e03f9cb.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0136.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2183", "value_resource_id": 2183, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2183", "display_title": "GP 137 Hablingbo Havor VI", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/3aa7d5269809c83d0b6cb22a23d021e7b3d634e6.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0137B.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2184", "value_resource_id": 2184, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2184", "display_title": "GP 138 Hablingbo Havor VII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d4184567a29128132e6603f5758b0d4ad10c051b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0138.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, 12.5–16 cm thick. The obverse is curved and naturally smooth; the narrow sides are hewn flat over their entire width at a slightly acute angle towards the obverse and divided from both broad sides by 1 cm wide chamfers. The reverse is coarse. Total height 143 cm, of which 97 cm are above the root. Width closely above the root 57 cm, the same at the lower edge of the roundel, and 72 cm between the upper corners.” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 54). The upper narrow side is convex with vertical edges pulling outwards. The broad sides are slightly concave towards the root. The root is flared a few centimetres at a height of about 50 cm on the right side and about 45 cm on the left side, which gives the entire picture stone the shape of an erect axe head including cheeks. " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "143" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "57" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "customvocab:10", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "Sune Lindqvist presents two divergent depictions of the picture stone in “Gotlands Bildsteine”, an undated drawing by Olof Sörling (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 54) and a younger photograph of the repainted stone (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, fig. 18), probably repainted by himself, that can be dated to the year 1937 (Oehrl 2019a, p. 149). \n\nThe visible part of the picture stone above the root is decorated with faintly carved borders which fade out on the broad sides towards the root. In Sörling’s drawing (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 54), an edge still extends to the root on the right broad side, while the borders were reconstructed along the full length of the visible part of the obverse in Lindqvist’s reconstruction (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, fig. 18). Along the broad sides, the decorated borders consist of triangular lines bordered by lateral side-lines. These meet at the upper narrow side with a double row of arcs enclosed by two outer boundary lines and a dividing line in between. “In the vertical borders, the lines creating the pattern are carved deep and wide in their middle parts, so that they form almost boat-like shapes”, as Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 54) notes. The centre of the obverse is decorated with a 38.0 cm large roundel with a whorl rosette enclosed by a double circle line and prongs running along the outer circle line. Two antithetical snake-like animals with simple S-shaped bodies are carved in the upper corners of the obverse between the roundel and the borders. In Sörling’s drawing, the head of the right snake is no longer visible while the left snake opens its mouth with a tongue sticking out. On the photograph of the repainted stone presented by Lindqvist (1941/42 I, fig. 18), the left snake’s head shows a large eye and a long distinct jaw as well as one (or several?) antenna or a horn while the open mouth of the right snake can be identified. Furthermore, both animals (snakes, seahorses or worms/dragons?) show spikes or bristle-like hair (Oehrl 2019a, p. 109), continuously running along the body of the left snake and clustered in three groups at the body of the right snake. Directly below the roundel two antithetical quadrupeds are depicted. In Lindqvist’s photograph, both animals are depicted in a similar posture, practically mirroring each other. The body of the left animal appears almost naturalistic yet ending in an elongated head with a spiked ear and a long mouth with a hooked upper jaw. The body of the right animal is far more compact and ends in a gooseneck-like head with mouth and jaws similar to the opposite quadruped. In contrast, the left animal in Sörling’s drawing is smaller and crouched, its body resembling a carnivore while head and snout appear equine. The right animal seems to be shying or rearing; the distinct head on the gooseneck is crowned with two horns or ears and the snout ends in an upturned hook. A third reconstruction of the images is depicted on a photograph of an earlier repainting of the picture stone from 1929, showing a precursor to Lindqvist’s later reading (Oehrl 2019a, table 129d). The only difference from the later reconstruction published in “Gotlands Bildsteine” is the vague shade of an anthropomorphic figure on the back of the left quadruped, possibly showing a rider (ibid. p. 149). It was probably based on this earlier reconstruction that Karl Hauck interpretated both animals as horses with riders holding reins (Oehrl 2019a, p. 149). During new investigations using RTI-viewer and 3D-scanning, Sigmund Oehrl could confirm Lindqvist’s reconstruction of the snake-like animal’s bodies. He could thus prove that the animals mirror each other – an assumption that was criticized in the meantime due to the poor preservation (Larsen 2009, 18). Furthermore, he could add more details to Lindqvist’s reconstruction of the head of the right animal (Oehrl 2019a, pp. 149–150). Hauck’s interpretation of two riders on horseback, in return, was rejected by Oehrl based on his analyses. He was able to identify a presumably anthropogenic depression above the left animal’s body in the RTI-viewer, which corresponds to the area painted by Lindqvist in his first reconstruction from 1929 and which could represent a rider on the animal’s back. An equivalent on the opposite animal, however, is missing as are indications of reins (Oehrl 2019a, pp. 80, 150). \n\nMT\n" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The roundel with a whorl rosette, surrounded by a corona of rays or spikes in the centre of the depiction as a variant of a regularly occurring motif can most likely be interpreted as a symbol of the sun (Oehrl 2019a, pp. 124–125). More elaborate information on the possible interpretation of whorl motifs as sun symbols and the iconography of the Type A picture stones can be obtained in the article on GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV. \n\nThe two antithetical snake-like animals in the upper edges of the obverse might represent Mediterranean Sea-creatures such as dolphins, seahorses, ketoi or other mythological, stylised sea creatures. Anders Larsen (2009, pp. 40–41) suggests that these animals on several picture stones such as GP 263 Lärbro Pavals reflect a purely decorative adoption of the antique motif of seahorses which appear on many Roman mosaics while Hauck interprets these animals as dolphins as they are known from Roman and early Christian gravestones, representing psychopomps that guide the souls of the deceased into the afterlife (Hauck 1983a, pp. 536, 547), thus illustrating Mediterranean influences on the early picture stones (see also Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 89; II, pp. 91–92; Holmqvist 1952a, pp. 10–16, figs. 7–10; 1976, p. 562; Hauck 1983a, pp. 547, 551). Furthermore, as Oehrl (2019a, pp. 143, 294) observes, these animals might also show “the northern version of the antique Ceto” as a kind of sea monster. For more information on sea creatures of Roman origin depicted on Type A picture stones see in particular GP 263 Lärbro Pavals, GP 197 Hellvi Ire IV, GP 44 Bro kyrka II, GP 173 Hangvar Austers I, GP 269 Martebo kyrka 2. \n\nAccording to the classical reading, the two antithetical quadrupeds below the roundel could represent a horse fight, a motif which can probably be identified on several early picture stones (Oehrl 2019a, pp. 21, 62–63, 151, 158). Ritual horse fights are documented from later periods (Beck 2003; Stylegar 2006; 2014) and the topic of horse fights (called hestavíg in Old Norse literature) and horse sacrifice in the iconography of the (early) Gotland picture stones has often been discussed, see in particular GP 198 Hellvi Ire 7 and the following literature: Gjessing 1943, pp. 29–30; Lindqvst 1955, pp. 41–43; Ellmers 1970, pp. 243–245; Lamm/Nylén 2003, p. 26; Althaus 1993, pp. 87–89, 192–193; Lamm 1999; Beck 2003, pp. 96–97; Guber 2011, pp. 55–56; Pesch 2015a, p. 357; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 62–63. Large quantities of horse bones without traces of slaughter have been found next to the ring wall and in the settlement of Havor (Manneke et al. 2013, pp. 106–107). In addition, besides an interpretation as a fortified pen for breeding horses, it was suggested that the ring wall at Havor could have been used as an arena for horse fights in its early phase during the Roman Iron Age (Manneke 2005, p. 134). Thus, the interpretation of the two antithetic quadrupeds as horses incited to fight would find a concrete context in Havor (Toplak, in press). \n\nBased on Oehrl’s new results which suggest the existence of a rider on the left quadruped, the depiction could be interpreted as an example of the motif group of the mounted beast fighter (“Untierkämpfer”), which also appears on several early picture stones (Oehrl 2019a, pp. 158–160), and which would also explain the less naturalistic appearance of the right animal. In the context of the stylised sun symbol, the whole scene could allude to ideas of rebirth – the solar cycle as overcoming darkness and death, personified by the beast (see also Hauck 1983a, p. 547). \n\nMT\n" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2395", "value_resource_id": 2395, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2395", "display_title": "GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a0f3efc5fb4baf2ee7d66f7a01baf52e87912a20.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0350.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2309", "value_resource_id": 2309, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2309", "display_title": "GP 263 Lärbro Pavals", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4b5e49ddf66bf244da67ebcdc242886c69150881.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0263.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2243", "value_resource_id": 2243, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2243", "display_title": "GP 197 Hellvi Ire IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/94855a3d27d51b795f42d8419b4eef1c2ec89904.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0197.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2091", "value_resource_id": 2091, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2091", "display_title": "GP 44 Bro kyrka II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4b84267d54155e216a589788ea581cbbf000190f.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0044.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2219", "value_resource_id": 2219, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2219", "display_title": "GP 173 Hangvar Austers I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/6f38a704d306415d3ec0af60e175fec62fba4355.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0173.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2315", "value_resource_id": 2315, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2315", "display_title": "GP 269 Martebo kyrka 2", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/778ee1610e36237b90205d0a244c65ba86aa6820.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0269.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2244", "value_resource_id": 2244, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2244", "display_title": "GP 198 Hellvi Ire 7" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Axe-shaped picture stone representing an Early Type monument, belonging to Lindqvist’s “Abschnitt” A (circa AD 400–600; Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 28, 110; see also Oehrl 2019a, pp. 8–10). Lindqvist classifies the fragment as representative of the first “Großsteingruppe”, group 4 – “Vallstenagruppe”, named after the stone GP 537 Vallstena Vallstenarum I. Characteristic of this group of monuments, consisting only of GP 537 Vallstena Vallstenarum I and Hablingbo Havor I, is the limitation to only one roundel (see VII). In contrast, Hauck (1983a, pp. 543–545) classifies Hablingbo Havor I as defining for his type IV (type IV,1) which is characterised by a whorl roundel as central motif, while GP 537 Vallstena Vallstenarum I belongs to his type V. Martin Rundkvist, in turn, suggests a typological classification of the outline shapes of the picture stones and defines GP 133 Hablingbo Havor II as Type dwarf 1 (Rundkvist 2012, pp. 155 – 160, table 3). \n\nA later dating to the 6th and 7th centuries as suggested by Wilhelm Holmqvist (1976, p. 563) was rejected by Oehrl (2019, p. 10). Lindqvist’s dating to the Migration Period finds support in the archaeological material from the cemetery of Havor which demonstrates a last phase of socio-political, economical, and perhaps even religious importance of the society at Havor and a rapid decline in the early Vendel Period (Toplak, in press). \n\nMT\n" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2581", "value_resource_id": 2581, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2581", "display_title": "GP 537 Vallstena Vallstenarum (I)", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/330eb9346b652456ce190e40e3cd71bf7dcd07ae.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0537.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2179", "value_resource_id": 2179, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2179", "display_title": "GP 133 Hablingbo Havor II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e0f6b96868dbac9dc4e4f6edd7f11522f42381c6.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0133.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "A (ca. 400-600)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 28, fig. 18, 366; II, pp. 53–54, fig. 366; Arrhenius/Holmqvist 1960, p. 176; Holmqvist 1952a, pp. 9–10, 12; 1976, p. 563; Lamm/Nylén 2003, pp. 21; Hauck 1983a, pp. 544, 552, 559, fig. 17; Oehrl 2007, p. 371; 2019a, pp. 9–10, 79–80, 84, 109, 145, 148–151, 158, 286, 294; II, table 1h, 87e5, 129–134; Larsen 2009, 18; Guber 2011, p. 121 cat. no. 24; Rundkvist 2012, p. 159, table 3; Oehrl/Toplak, in press; Toplak, in press. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hablingbo, Havor I [Roma, Högbro]" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4664", "value_resource_id": 4664, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4664", "display_title": "3D model for GP0132", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0132_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "91" } ], "ai2:shmID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 311, "property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "6915" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "circle" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "head" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mouth" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "tongue" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "eye" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horn" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "hair" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "quadruped" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "ear" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "human figure" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "whorl" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rider" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sun" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "dolphin" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "rosette" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "serpent" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "horse fight" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "nose" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 295, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6581391" } ], "ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 296, "property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)", "is_public": true, "@value": "675775" } ], "ai2:downloadPath": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 349, "property_label": "Path to download", "is_public": true, "@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgBkD38J35wlR5bQt4a-fS-7Ae12jNNeX1ylZPNamO27n9M?e=ueSP3Q" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2176", "o:title": "GP 130 Hablingbo kyrka 2" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2177", "o:title": "GP 131 Hablingbo kyrka (I)" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2179", "o:title": "GP 133 Hablingbo Havor II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2180", "o:title": "GP 134 Hablingbo Havor III" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2181", "o:title": "GP 135 Hablingbo Havor IV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2182", "o:title": "GP 136 Hablingbo Havor V" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2183", "o:title": "GP 137 Hablingbo Havor VI" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2184", "o:title": "GP 138 Hablingbo Havor VII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2185", "o:title": "GP 139 Hablingbo Havor VIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2629", "o:title": "GP 586 Hablingbo Havor (IX)" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2179", "o:title": "GP 133 Hablingbo Havor II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2180", "o:title": "GP 134 Hablingbo Havor III" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2621", "o:title": "GP 578 Alva änge" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2091", "o:title": "GP 44 Bro kyrka II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2124", "o:title": "GP 77 Eskelhem Larsarve I" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2125", "o:title": "GP 78 Eskelhem Larsarve II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2179", "o:title": "GP 133 Hablingbo Havor II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2243", "o:title": "GP 197 Hellvi Ire IV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2455", "o:title": "GP 410 Stenkyrka kyrka 21" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2180", "o:title": "GP 134 Hablingbo Havor III" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2161", "o:title": "GP 114 Grötlingbo Roes II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2179", "o:title": "GP 133 Hablingbo Havor II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2185", "o:title": "GP 139 Hablingbo Havor VIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2187", "o:title": "GP 141 Hall kyrka 2" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2243", "o:title": "GP 197 Hellvi Ire IV" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2101", "o:title": "GP 54 Burs kyrka II" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2185", "o:title": "GP 139 Hablingbo Havor VIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2187", "o:title": "GP 141 Hall kyrka 2" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2204", "o:title": "GP 158 Halla Broa XIV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2527", "o:title": "GP 482 Tingstäde kyrka VIII" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2528", "o:title": "GP 483 Tingstäde kyrka X" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2187", "o:title": "GP 141 Hall kyrka 2" } ], "ai2:modelVisualizes": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4664", "o:title": "3D model for GP0132" } ] } }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2179", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2179, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 133 Hablingbo Havor II", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/e0f6b96868dbac9dc4e4f6edd7f11522f42381c6.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/e0f6b96868dbac9dc4e4f6edd7f11522f42381c6.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e0f6b96868dbac9dc4e4f6edd7f11522f42381c6.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:10+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-21T11:51:50+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4189", "o:id": 4189 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4189", "o:id": 4189 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 133 Hablingbo Havor II" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0133" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Uncovered in a late Viking Age grave by Gabriel Gustafson during the excavation of the cemetery of Havor Hablingbo parish. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Grave" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hablingbo" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hablingbo Havor" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hittades av GG vid undersökningen av en stensättning (Grav 191), inom det stora gravfältet nord väst om Havor. Stenen tjänstgjorde som täcksten i en likbegravning." } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Gotlands Museum Fornsalen" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Bildstenshallen" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The cemetery of Havor lies in the southern part of Gotland, on the southern banks of the former lake and later moorland of Mästermyr, on the northern outskirts of Hablingbo parish, some kilometres east of the western shore of Gotland. The area, which today is widely forested, stretches around 750 meters from east-northeast to west-southwest on a gravel ridge. Around 260 of approximately 370 registered graves were excavated, dating from the Pre-Roman Iron Age to the late Viking Age, with a hiatus in the late Vendel Period and the Early Viking Age (Nylén 1955, pp. 61–64; Toplak, in press). The north-eastern and probably oldest part of the cemetery was heavily disturbed by gravel extraction from the middle of the 19th century onwards, which led to the discovery of the picture stone GP 132 Hablingbo Havor I, and the extent as well as the original number of burials in this area remain uncertain. Some smaller groups of graves can be found at the southwestern periphery of the cemetery, either constituting the outer edges of the burial area or belonging to separate cemeteries. The cemetery at Havor is part of a unique complex with an uninterrupted continuity of settlement from the late Bronze Age to the late Viking Age (Manneke 2005; Manneke et al. 2013). Approximately 800 meters east of the cemetery lies a ringfort, several buildings with stone foundations as well as the remains of further settlements in the immediately surrounding area. The ringfort was built no later than the end of the Pre-Roman Iron Age and was used in several phases at least until the end of the Migration Period as a meeting place and arena for socio-political or religious activities. Remains of settlements north of the ringfort can be dated back to the late Bronze Age or early Iron Age and are therefore slightly older than the earliest burials from the Pre-Roman Iron Age in the cemetery. Several stone foundations south of the ringfort and the rich finds from settlements, graves and the ringfort – such as Roman imports or golden jewellery and especially a unique hoard with a golden neck ring (Nylén 1962; 2005) – bear witness to the great regional significance of Havor as a socio-political or religious central place in the Roman Iron Age and the Migration Period. Following a decline of Havor in the Vendel Period, the late Viking Age burials attest a revival of the local society, probably due to increasing trading activities, but also a significant return to older traditions such as the re-use of older graves or the incorporation of picture stones in burials (Toplak 2022; in press). \n\nThe picture stone was found during the excavation of the cemetery of Havor in 1886. It was discovered in a late Viking Age grave (grave No. 191) where it was re-used as grave slab together with six partly fragmented picture stones (GP 134–138 Hablingbo Havor III–VII; the seventh stone is missing), similar to several other picture stones on Gotlandic Viking Age cemeteries (see Burström 1996; Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 III, pp. 582–584; Rundkvist 2012; Toplak 2022; Oehrl/Toplak, in press). The grave – a shallow burial mound with the inhumation of a male gendered individual with the head to the south – was located in a separated group of late Viking Age burials in the western area of the cemetery (see Toplak 2022). The deceased was buried in a supine position with dress accessories including two penannular brooches and a belt with eastern-type belt mounts as well as a knife, a comb, a fire striker, a clay pot and a large bronze bowl, which was probably imported to Gotland from the Frankish realm (Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 IV, p. 302; Toplak 2022, in press). The seven limestone slabs (labelled A–F by Gustafson) were arranged as a cover slab, based on two 3,3 m long rows of eight and nine fieldstones, respectively, that framed the 0,4–0,5-m broad burial pit. The obverses of the picture stones were facing downwards towards the burial. According to a rough sketch of the grave slab in situ, made by Gustafson during the excavation, the picture stone Hablingbo Havor II (stone A according to Gustafson’s designation) formed the southern end of the grave slab directly above the head of the deceased. \n\nAll seven picture stones were re-erected in the vicinity of the grave after the end of the excavation season in 1886. While the other five picture stones from grave 191 (GP 134–138 Hablingbo Havor III–VII; the sixth picture stone is lost) were moved from their location in the cemetery in Nilsson’s Träskhage (marshy pasture) to the Swedish History Museum in Stockholm as early as 1918 during a visit by Fredrik Nordin, the picture stone Hablingbo Havor II remained at the burial ground for almost two more decades. In 1910, during his last visit on Gotland, Gustafson examined the seven picture stones which he had excavated in 1886 and could not identify any serious damage on the picture stone. Nevertheless, in the 1930s moving the picture stone to a protected place such as Hablingbo church was discussed to prevent further damage to the stone, which was only covered with a tarpaulin during winter. In 1937, Sune Lindqvist suggested bringing the picture stone to Visby to consider the interests of the local population, where it was placed in Gotlands Fornsal in October of the same year. \n\nMT\n" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2178", "value_resource_id": 2178, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2178", "display_title": "GP 132 Hablingbo Havor I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4c1a0d3d1a6d42f9571d0dcca85841b3fc3ccc46.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0132.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2180", "value_resource_id": 2180, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2180", "display_title": "GP 134 Hablingbo Havor III", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d62cd22696351df692849295269f7adea50655e9.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0134.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2181", "value_resource_id": 2181, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2181", "display_title": "GP 135 Hablingbo Havor IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/561dc5b7c26a30c2766f576bc70d6aa4614d01be.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0135.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2182", "value_resource_id": 2182, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2182", "display_title": "GP 136 Hablingbo Havor V", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f7661acbdc9db5ff8d8bfb8234edecd88e03f9cb.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0136.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2183", "value_resource_id": 2183, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2183", "display_title": "GP 137 Hablingbo Havor VI", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/3aa7d5269809c83d0b6cb22a23d021e7b3d634e6.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0137B.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2184", "value_resource_id": 2184, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2184", "display_title": "GP 138 Hablingbo Havor VII", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d4184567a29128132e6603f5758b0d4ad10c051b.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0138.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "“Limestone slab, 16–18 cm thick on average. The obverse is almost flat, surely hewn to a certain degree. The narrow sides commonly are dressed in an acute angle towards the obverse, with a chamfer of about 1 cm width between them. The upper and vertical narrow sides are slightly concave in profile. […] The reverse is slightly convex and probably unworked. Height of the stone above the root (at a level with the lower limits of the hewn vertical edges) is 110 cm. Along the vertical axis, the decoration extends down 112 cm below the stone’s upper edge. The width between the upper corners is 100 cm, halfway down, it is 87.5 cm, at the base 88.5 cm.” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 54–55). The shape of the picture stone Hablingbo Havor II corresponds to a rectangle with a convex upper narrow side with vertical edges extending outwards and a short flared ‘root’. Compared to the picture stone GP 132 Hablingbo Havor I, the picture stone Hablingbo Havor II is considerably more compact. \n\nMT\n" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2178", "value_resource_id": 2178, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2178", "display_title": "GP 132 Hablingbo Havor I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4c1a0d3d1a6d42f9571d0dcca85841b3fc3ccc46.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0132.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "114" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "100" } ], "ai2:dimensionsThickness": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 300, "property_label": "Thickness", "is_public": true, "@value": "17" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "customvocab:10", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "According to Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 55), “the decoration is executed with chiselled bands of about 1 mm depth and varying width (commonly 1–2.5 cm). Bands are accompanied by approximately 1-cm-long and 2-mm-wide lines with rounded bases that stand at right angles to the band’s edges. Similar chiselled lines occasionally appear to form the band’s contours, but mostly the bands are defined by the same fine chisel lines running parallel to the bands and also filling the band’s inner surfaces. The chamfers toward the narrow sides at a distance of about 1 cm are accompanied by shallow grooves that at the right and left edges are not quite 1 cm wide but reach a width of 1.5 cm towards the top.” The upper narrow side is decorated with a broad border with stylised floral tendril ornamentation with the central ‘leaf’ formed like an animal’s head. \n\nAlong the vertical edges, broad borders without contour lines run down toward the root, decorated with a ‘running dog scroll’ motif with stylised animal heads on all its terminals that resembles the zoomorphic meander in the ‘Maison des Dauphins’ in Delos (c. 100 BC) (Holmqvist 1952a, pp. 14–16; Oehrl 2019a, p. 25, fn. 254). The gaps between the curved bands of the ‘running dogs’ form triangular spandrels that represent the necks of the animal heads. As Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 55) notes, “apparently all have been chiselled in completely; only once there seems to be a triangle in the middle that clearly was left standing.” From the mouths of the two uppermost animal heads, curled tongues reach into the centre of the stone. As on GP 132 Hablingbo Havor I, the central motif is a large roundel, measuring 46,0 cm in diameter but with a looped square (Saint Hannes cross (St. John’s cross) or Bowen knot which also appears on a gold bracteate, dating to the late Roman Iron Age or early Migration Perion (Oehrl 2019a, pp. 22–23) instead of the whirl rosette. This looped square as a motif in the central roundel is an exception, the so-called “Vallstena-Havor-typus” according to Sigmund Oehrl (2019a, pp. 9, 125, fn. 1156; see also Guber 2011, pp. 43–47). Below the roundel, two upright, standing, stylised antithetical animal figures are depicted whose bodies are similar to the s-shaped loops of the vertical borders. A circular ornament is depicted between their wide-open mouths. \n\nThe reading of the decoration is relatively consistent on the different representations of the picture stone such as the drawing by Olof Sörling (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 55) and the repainting by Lindqvist (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, fig. 23). The only difference is the more precise reconstruction of the lower part of the picture stone with the two upright, standing animal figures, which are only partially reproduced in Sörling’s drawing. However, Gustafson had arrived at the same interpretation of the lower section of the centre field in his last examination of the stone in 1910, as can be seen in a sketch in one of his notebooks (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 55). Contrary to what was initially assumed by several researchers – including Rutger Sernander, Nordin and cautiously also Gustafson – there were, however, no remains of the original (presumed) painting on the stone. \n\nMT\n" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2178", "value_resource_id": 2178, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2178", "display_title": "GP 132 Hablingbo Havor I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4c1a0d3d1a6d42f9571d0dcca85841b3fc3ccc46.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0132.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "Similar to the whorl rosette, surrounded by a corona of rays or spikes, on the picture stone GP 132 Hablingbo Havor I, the looped square in the centre of Hablingbo Havor II can also be interpreted as a symbol of the sun (Oehrl 2019a, pp. 120, 124–125). More elaborate information on the possible interpretation of whirl motifs as sun symbols and the iconography of the Type A picture stones is available in the article on GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV. \n\nSince the upright, standing, antithetical animal figures below the central motif might be regarded as ceto- or dragon-like (sea) creatures analogous to other early picture stones (Oehrl 2019a, p. 109) and the stylised animals of the ‘running dog scroll’ motif of the broad borders resemble sea creatures such as dolphins in antique zoomorphic meanders such as in Delos (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 89; Holmqvist 1952, pp. 10–16), the entire scene could be interpreted as rise of the life-giving sun from the sea (or perhaps from the underworld). If this interpretation was understood by the late Viking Age society at Havor, the position of the picture stone Hablingbo Havor II with its obverse facing the head of the deceased might reflect ideas of some form of a spiritual rebirth in the afterlife. In contrast, based on the interpretation of spiral roundels as labyrinthine symbols for the underworld, as suggested by Karl Hauck (1983a, pp. 546–547, 578–579; 1983b, pp. 444–445; see Oehrl 2019a, p. 125), the entire scene could depict and thus anticipate the deceased’s journey to the world beyond. \n\nMT\n" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2178", "value_resource_id": 2178, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2178", "display_title": "GP 132 Hablingbo Havor I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4c1a0d3d1a6d42f9571d0dcca85841b3fc3ccc46.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0132.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2395", "value_resource_id": 2395, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2395", "display_title": "GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a0f3efc5fb4baf2ee7d66f7a01baf52e87912a20.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0350.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "Axe-shaped picture stone representing an Early Type monument, belonging to Lindqvist’s “Abschnitt” A (circa AD 400–600; Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 28, 110; see also Oehrl 2019a, pp. 8–10). Lindqvist classifies the fragment as representative of the first “Großsteingruppe”, group 5 – “Havor-Austers-Gruppe”, named after the stones Hablingbo Havor II and GP 172 Hangvar Austers. Characteristic of this group of monuments, consisting only of these two stones, is the significantly reduced height in relation to the width. In contrast, Hauck (1983a, pp. 543–545) classifies Hablingbo Havor II as representative for his type V (type V,4), defined by a spiral roundel as central motif. Martin Rundkvist, in turn, suggests a typological classification of the outline shapes of the picture stones and defines Hablingbo Havor II as Type dwarf1 (Rundkvist 2012, pp. 155–160, table 3). \n\nA later dating to the 6th and 7th centuries as suggested by Wilhelm Holmqvist (1976, p. 563) was rejected by Oehrl (2019, p. 10). Lindqvist’s dating to the Migration Period finds support in the archaeological material from the cemetery of Havor which demonstrates a final phase of socio-political, economical, and perhaps even religious importance of the society at Havor and a rapid decline during the early Vendel Period (Toplak, in press). \n\nMT\n" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2218", "value_resource_id": 2218, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2218", "display_title": "GP 172 Hangvar Austers II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b3bd11107d928c78f5db3c2be290f89259db5628.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0172.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "A (ca. 400-600)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 23, 28, 33, fig. 23, 26*; II, pp. 54–55, fig. 367, 373; 1962, 11; Holmqvist 1952a, pp. 8, 13–16; Lamm/Nylén 2003, pp. 38–39; Hauck 1983a, pp. 545, 551, fig. 9; Hauck 1983b, pp. 444–445; Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 III, p. 583; Guber 2011, p. 122 cat. no. 25; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 9–10, 23, 25, 109, 120, 125; II, table 1, 87; Rundkvist 2012, pp. 151, table 2, 152, 157, fig. 5a, 159, table 3; Toplak 2022, p. 88; Oehrl/Toplak, in press; Toplak, in press. " } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Hablingbo, Havor II [Roma, Högbro]" } ], "ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 312, "property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFC10398" } ], "ai2:depositionID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 313, "property_label": "Deposition ID Gotlands Museum", "is_public": true, "@value": "GFDEP1399" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4665", "value_resource_id": 4665, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4665", "display_title": "3D model for GP0133", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0133_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "92" } ], "ai2:shmID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 311, "property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "21879" } ], "ai2:limestoneType": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 325, "property_label": "Limestone Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "limestone with onkoids" } ], "ai2:geologicalGroup": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 326, "property_label": "Geological Group", "is_public": true, "@value": "not dated yet geologically" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "head" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mouth" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "tongue" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "animal" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "standing" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sun" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "dolphin" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "circle" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "sea creature" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 289, "property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)", "is_public": true, "@value": "6346241" } ], "ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 290, "property_label": 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"o:id": 136, "o:item": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2179", "o:id": 2179 }, "o:media": null, "o-module-mapping:lat": 57.215857826319876, "o-module-mapping:lng": 18.299994543024354, "o-module-mapping:label": null } ] }, { "@context": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context", "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2091", "@type": [ "o:Item", "dctype:PhysicalObject" ], "o:id": 2091, "o:is_public": true, "o:owner": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1", "o:id": 1 }, "o:resource_class": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32", "o:id": 32 }, "o:resource_template": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2", "o:id": 2 }, "o:thumbnail": null, "o:title": "GP 44 Bro kyrka II", "thumbnail_display_urls": { "large": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/4b84267d54155e216a589788ea581cbbf000190f.jpg", "medium": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/4b84267d54155e216a589788ea581cbbf000190f.jpg", "square": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4b84267d54155e216a589788ea581cbbf000190f.jpg" }, "o:created": { "@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:08+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:modified": { "@value": "2026-04-21T10:51:56+00:00", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" }, "o:primary_media": { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3978", "o:id": 3978 }, "o:media": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3978", "o:id": 3978 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/2879", "o:id": 2879 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/2880", "o:id": 2880 }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/2881", "o:id": 2881 } ], "o:item_set": [], "o:site": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2", "o:id": 2 } ], "dcterms:title": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 1, "property_label": "Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP 44 Bro kyrka II" } ], "dcterms:identifier": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 10, "property_label": "Identifier", "is_public": true, "@value": "GP0044" } ], "ai2:urlLinks": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 316, "property_label": "Links", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25", "o:label": "ATA" } ], "ai2:ksamsok": [ { "type": "uri", "property_id": 346, "property_label": "K-Samsök", "is_public": true, "@id": "http://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/44a52eeb-9da0-40f8-95ba-60bc09199aa9", "o:label": "K-Samsök" } ], "ai2:findLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 280, "property_label": "Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "The tower of Bro church. " } ], "ai2:findLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:7", "property_id": 318, "property_label": "Find Context Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" } ], "ai2:findLocationParish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 293, "property_label": "Parish Find Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Bro" } ], "ai2:findingPlaceName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 292, "property_label": "Finding Place Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Bro kyrka" } ], "ai2:findLocationContext": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 291, "property_label": "Find Context", "is_public": true, "@value": "Inmurad i botgöringscellen i norra innerväggen. Från början var denna vägg dock tornets yttervägg då botgöringscellen tillkommit senare." } ], "ai2:presentLocation": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 281, "property_label": "Present Location", "is_public": true, "@value": "Bro church, incorporated into the tower wall.\n" } ], "ai2:presentLocationClassification": [ { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "Church" }, { "type": "customvocab:6", "property_id": 332, "property_label": "Present Location Classification", "is_public": true, "@value": "In-Loco" } ], "ai2:presentLocationName": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 314, "property_label": "Present Location Name", "is_public": true, "@value": "Bro kyrka" } ], "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "On the site of the present church in Bro, a Romanesque stone church with a nave and a choir with apse was built in the middle or second half of the 12th century (on the building history: Lundmark 1929; Lagerlöf/Svahnström 1991, pp. 101–104; on the new findings based on excavations and dendrochronological investigations: Widerström 2001a–c; Andrén 2011, pp. 167–169.). Somewhat later, in 1214, the Romanesque tower standing today was added, the beams of which have been dendrochronologically dated. Whether there was a wooden church on the site before the stone building remains unclear; no remains of a predecessor building could be found. During the 13th century, today’s large rectangular choir with sacristy was completed, and around 1300 the new Gothic nave. Consequently, only the tower and a few stones of an animal frieze in the south side of the nave are preserved from the early stone church; the foundation of the Romanesque nave was confirmed during excavations in 2001. Under the nave of the church, in addition to medieval and modern burials, some grave finds from the 11th century were recovered; they belong to the group of kyrkogårdsfynden (ʻchurchyard findsʼ). A dress pin from the 10th century found in the tower could be explained as a single find but also allows the possibility that the church was built on a pre-Christian burial ground. From the 15th century at the latest, Bro church was an important pilgrimage and sacrificial church, which kept a Holy Cross relic (Lundmark 1929, pp. 254–256; Stolt 2007, pp. 12–14; Pernler 2013, p. 92). According to popular tradition, there was a healing spring next to or even inside the church (in the sacristy) as late as the 18th century. This circumstance, as well as a tree trunk walled into the tower in a curious way, the root of which protrudes from the west wall, have given rise to the assumption that the church was built on a pre-Christian cult site. However, there is no compelling evidence for this (Oehrl 2016a). \n\nSo far, eleven Type A picture stones and kerbstones have been found in the church of Bro. The picture stones GP 43 Bro kyrka I (first noted by Fredrik Nordin in 1887 and published in Nordin 1903, p. 145, fig. 3) and Bro kyrka II (first noted by E. Lundmark in 1903) are clearly visible, inserted into the walls of a small chamber-like extension (penitent’s cell or inclusorium), which was added around 1300 together with the construction of the nave (Lundmark 1929, pp. 277–279; Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 29–31). The extension is placed in the angle between the west wall of the nave and the old tower. The door of the chamber is on the south side, to the left of the Gothic nave doorway. Immediately to the left of the chamber door, GP 43 Bro kyrka I is set into the outer wall. The face points outwards. The fragment Bro kyrka II is located inside the chamber, in the original outer side of the southern tower wall, which also forms the northern inner side of the chamber (Lundmark 1929, p. 277). Before the chamber was built, the picture stone’s visible surface faced outwards; today it faces the interior of the chamber. It is integrated into the wall at about twice a man’s height. As a result, Bro kyrka II must have been inserted into the tower wall as early as 1214, GP 43 Bro kyrka I into the masonry of the extension only around 1300. " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 282, "property_label": "Context and Discovery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2090", "value_resource_id": 2090, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2090", "display_title": "GP 43 Bro kyrka I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e43251593567fd4e0aa467ca0d13c384502017d4.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0043.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 283, "property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment represents most of the upper part of an Early-Type picture stone. “To fit it into the masonry, the stone was trimmed on all four sides and given a rectangular shape. Limestone slab. […] The obverse’s surface generally is unusually well preserved from weathering [and] even. Several convex places on this surface, which the stonemason left untouched, were removed later, possibly in connection with the trimming of the stone for its current function, and this destroyed part of the original patterns. No traces of the original narrow sides remain. The fragment is 110 cm long and 68 to 69 cm wide” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 29, 31). There are remains of secondary black paint on the stone, probably originating from Lindqvist’s 1933 photo shoot (ATA run- och bildstenssamling, photo 1648:58; Lindqvist 1941/42 I, fig. 13). " } ], "ai2:dimensionsHeight": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 298, "property_label": "Height", "is_public": true, "@value": "110" } ], "ai2:dimensionsWidth": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 299, "property_label": "Width", "is_public": true, "@value": "68" } ], "ai2:material": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 301, "property_label": "Material", "is_public": true, "@value": "Limestone" } ], "ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 284, "property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images", "is_public": true, "@value": "The carvings are detailed and well preserved. Lindqvist’s photo of the painted stone from 1933 and Olof Sörling’s drawing from 1917 (ATA run- och bildstenssamling) document them reliably. The rectangular fragment, representing the head of a Type A picture stone slab, preserves most (about the two right thirds) of the horizontal border on the originally slightly convex upper edge of the stone and a large central roundel with whorl decoration and corona (the latter consisting of a row of small circles that are broken on their outsides and touch each other). The decoration of the border can be described as consisting of two horizontally mirrored running spiral patterns. On the right edge, part of the vertical, slightly concave lateral decoration is preserved, which consisted of two parallel grooves. The spandrel on the upper right, which is completely preserved, shows a complete serpentine creature facing left, while its mirrored counterpart on the opposite left side features only the animal’s head. Below the central whorl motif, two more mirrored serpentine creatures facing each other are partly preserved, which surely entwined a pair of smaller roundels, of which only a tiny remnant of the one on the right is still visible. \n\nAll four serpentine creatures have wide-open mouths with outstretched tongues that bifurcate or trifurcate at the tip. The two lower snakes, which encircle the smaller roundels, are completely covered, including the head, mouth and tongue, with small protruding lines that look like hair. In fact, the left snake even has a long tuft of hair extending from the head. The mouths of the two upper creatures are also provided with such hairs. There seems to be a triangular chin beard protruding from the lower jaw of the snake’s head on the upper left, which is of particular significance (see VII). No less significant is the observation that the creature in the on the upper right has tiny, insect-like extremities (see VII). All of the above-mentioned body details can easily be verified due to the good preservation of the carvings and are included in Lindqvist’s painting, but are so tiny that they are hardly noticeable in the illustrations. Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 31) does not mention them at all in his description and focuses on the execution of the ornaments: \n\n“Decoration in finely-carved lines and in faintly-scratched background fields in the inner corners of the corona of the large roundel and in every other of its crescent-shaped fields. All of these latter fields are divided into triangles by a deeper zigzag line; the parallel chisel marks in the fields of each of these triangles differ in direction from those in the neighbouring triangles. Judging by the insignificant remains, the small roundel on the right appears to have had a spiral pattern. The groove defining the upper inner border is uniformly shallow and 1 cm wide. Of the same style are the central areas of the heads and bodies of the serpents. The diameter of the large roundel is 61 cm, the distance between its centre and the current (trimmed) right edge 44.5 cm.” " } ], "ai2:interpretations": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@value": "The interpretation of the whorl motif with a corona is usually taken as a representation of the sun and interpreted in a cosmological and eschatological sense, and the serpentine creatures that entwine the small rondels are associated with Old Norse literary tradition but also with late Roman traditions. They also seem to belong to a cosmic context; see in detail the article on GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV. \n\nAn equivalent to the encircling serpents of Bro kyrka II with hair and legs can be seen on GP 197 Hellvi Ire IV. In addition, there seems to be a connection with the giant snakes from GP 173 Hangvar Austers I and GP 269 Martebo kyrka 2, which apparently are also hairy. Here, too, the small extensions on the snake’s body can hardly be interpreted as tiny centipede-like legs but rather as hairs. A snake encircling a roundel with similar spiky hair is depicted on GP 268 Martebo kyrka I. A serpentine creature with a tuft of hair is depicted on GP 133 Hablingbo Havor II, and a serpentine creature with a shock of hair and body hair on GP 132 Hablingbo Havor I. Regarding these snake-like hybrid animals, see Oehrl 2019a, p. 109, figs. 87e(1–7). \n\nThe observation that the snake creatures on the Type A picture stones sometimes appear to be hairy and occasionally even have extremities is of particular importance for a possible interpretation. All in all, it becomes clear that we are dealing less with snakes than with hybrid creatures that combine snake and mammal characteristics. Comparable beasts are frequently encountered in Roman art, for example in the form of sea monsters (ketoi). As a matter of fact, the giant hairy worm on GP 269 Martebo kyrka 2 features a fish tail, clearly indicating a sea monster. A particularly clear indication of the Mediterranean origin of these creatures is provided, however, by the bearded snake in the spandrel at the top left of Bro kyrka II. \n\nThe bearded (and crested) snake represents a well-known motif that appears in a variety of different contexts and media throughout the Classical world, used in Egyptian, Greek, Etruscan, and Roman iconography and literary tradition. Aelian, in his 3rd-century AD work De Natura Animalium (11.26), refers to bearded snakes and states that the beard indicates the masculinity of the snake. In research, the beard is usually interpreted as an anthropomorphic feature, the bearded serpent as a hybrid between man and animal and in particular as a serpent-shaped deity (Harrison 1903, pp. 328; Gourmelen 2012). The ancient motif of the bearded serpent is also adapted on the Migration Period gold bracteates, which belong to the same time horizon as the Type A picture stones. On the amulet IK 115 Lundeby-C the bearded serpent faces the central (emperor’s or god’s) head, thus taking the place of the bird, which is usually seen in this position on the C-bracteates. Karl Hauck (Hauck 1977b, p. 505–506; Oehrl 2010b) considers these serpents to be companion animals of the god Wodan/Óðinn, appearing alongside his ravens, and corresponding to the serpents of Asclepius. Like Asclepius, in the iconography of the gold bracteates Wodan/Óðinn is also glorified as a god of healing, according to Hauck (1977a–b; 1980c). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2395", "value_resource_id": 2395, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2395", "display_title": "GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a0f3efc5fb4baf2ee7d66f7a01baf52e87912a20.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0350.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2243", "value_resource_id": 2243, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2243", "display_title": "GP 197 Hellvi Ire IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/94855a3d27d51b795f42d8419b4eef1c2ec89904.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0197.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2219", "value_resource_id": 2219, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2219", "display_title": "GP 173 Hangvar Austers I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/6f38a704d306415d3ec0af60e175fec62fba4355.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0173.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2315", "value_resource_id": 2315, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2315", "display_title": "GP 269 Martebo kyrka 2", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/778ee1610e36237b90205d0a244c65ba86aa6820.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0269.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2314", "value_resource_id": 2314, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2314", "display_title": "GP 268 Martebo kyrka I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/aecb9b7fd2144e277ea39955771f9bf58312c293.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0268.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2179", "value_resource_id": 2179, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2179", "display_title": "GP 133 Hablingbo Havor II", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e0f6b96868dbac9dc4e4f6edd7f11522f42381c6.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0133.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 285, "property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2178", "value_resource_id": 2178, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2178", "display_title": "GP 132 Hablingbo Havor I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/4c1a0d3d1a6d42f9571d0dcca85841b3fc3ccc46.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0132.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@value": "The fragment represents a part of an early-type picture stone, i.e., Type A according to Lindqvist’s typology, dating to between AD 400 and 600. Lindqvist assigns the stone to his Brotypus, named after GP 43 Bro kyrka I, which is characterized by a large central and two smaller roundels, simple grooves featuring the lateral border decoration, and a more elaborate pattern at the upper edge of the tall monument (1941/42 I, p. 26–27; cf. Hauck 1983a, pp. 541–542). " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 287, "property_label": "Type and Dating", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2090", "value_resource_id": 2090, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2090", "display_title": "GP 43 Bro kyrka I", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e43251593567fd4e0aa467ca0d13c384502017d4.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0043.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:shapeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:3", "property_id": 305, "property_label": "Lindqvist Shape", "is_public": true, "@value": "Tall stone" } ], "ai2:typeLindqvist": [ { "type": "customvocab:2", "property_id": 303, "property_label": "Lindqvist Type", "is_public": true, "@value": "A (ca. 400-600)" } ], "ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [ { "type": "customvocab:5", "property_id": 317, "property_label": "Runic Inscription or not", "is_public": true, "@value": "No" } ], "ai2:references": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 288, "property_label": "References", "is_public": true, "@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 26–27; II, pp. 29–31, figs. 13, 15; Hauck 1983a, pp. 536, 542, fig. 21; Guber 2011, p. 113 cat. no. 7; Oehrl 2016a, pp. 251–252; 2019a, pp. 24, 109, 123, 152, 155, figs. 87e6, 142b. " } ], "ai2:fornsokID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 310, "property_label": "Fornsök ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "L1977:47" } ], "ai2:raaID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 307, "property_label": "RAÄ ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "Bro 24:2" } ], "ai2:slID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 328, "property_label": "Lindqvist Title", "is_public": true, "@value": "Bro, Kirche II" } ], "ai2:model3D": [ { "type": "resource:item", "property_id": 344, "property_label": "3D model", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4578", "value_resource_id": 4578, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/4578", "display_title": "3D model for GP0044", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png", "thumbnail_title": "GP0044_RGB.nxz", "thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream" } ], "ai2:jpID": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 308, "property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID", "is_public": true, "@value": "28" } ], "ai2:dateOfDiscovery": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 302, "property_label": "Year of Discovery", "is_public": true, "@value": "1913" } ], "ai2:summarySwedish": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen observerades första gången 1903, då den satt inmurad i tornets ursprungliga södra yttermur, som senare har kommit att ingå i en liten bönekammare på tornets södra sida. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nSamma lokalisering som 1903. \n\nBeskrivning \nÖvre delen av en tidig bildsten (typ A). Fragmentet är 110 cm långt och 68 cm brett. Delar av kantdekoren bevarad, liksom en stor centralt placerad virvel. Över denna virvel två ormlika varelser och under virveln och spår av två mindre virvlar, som avslutas i två motställda ormhuvuden. \n\nInskrift \nIngen inskrift. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, men tillhör perioden 400-600. \n\nTolkning \nSe tolkningen av GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV. \n\nAA " }, { "type": "resource", "property_id": 327, "property_label": "Swedish Summary", "is_public": true, "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2395", "value_resource_id": 2395, "value_resource_name": "items", "url": "/s/index/item/2395", "display_title": "GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV", "thumbnail_url": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a0f3efc5fb4baf2ee7d66f7a01baf52e87912a20.jpg", "thumbnail_title": "GP0350.jpg", "thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg" } ], "ai2:iconography": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "circle" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "head" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "animal" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "mouth" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "tongue" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "hair" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "extremity" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "whorl" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic Keywords", "is_public": true, "@value": "serpent" }, { "type": "literal", "property_id": 324, "property_label": "Iconographic 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} ], "ai2:lastInspected": [ { "type": "literal", "property_id": 315, "property_label": "Last Inspected", "is_public": true, "@value": "15.09.2022 (Cecilia Ljung)" } ], "@reverse": { "ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2089", "o:title": "GP 42 Bro kyrka III" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2096", "o:title": "GP 49 Bro kyrka IV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2623", "o:title": "GP 580 Bro kyrka V" } ], "ai2:typeAndDating": [ { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2073", "o:title": "GP 26 Bara ödekyrka (I)" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2243", "o:title": "GP 197 Hellvi Ire IV" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2460", "o:title": "GP 415 Stenkyrka kyrka 26" }, { "@id": "https://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2461", "o:title": "GP 416 Stenkyrka kyrka 26" }, { "@id": 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