[
{
"@context": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context",
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2150",
"@type": [
"o:Item",
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"o:id": 2150,
"o:is_public": true,
"o:owner": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1",
"o:id": 1
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"o:resource_class": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32",
"o:id": 32
},
"o:resource_template": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2",
"o:id": 2
},
"o:thumbnail": null,
"o:title": "GP 103 Garda Smiss II",
"thumbnail_display_urls": {
"large": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/f7e543b80cc7a85e1ca3d476fbc7deee78b2b9a8.jpg",
"medium": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/f7e543b80cc7a85e1ca3d476fbc7deee78b2b9a8.jpg",
"square": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f7e543b80cc7a85e1ca3d476fbc7deee78b2b9a8.jpg"
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"o:created": {
"@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:10+00:00",
"@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime"
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"o:modified": {
"@value": "2026-04-21T11:32:27+00:00",
"@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime"
},
"o:primary_media": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3858",
"o:id": 3858
},
"o:media": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3858",
"o:id": 3858
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3035",
"o:id": 3035
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4080",
"o:id": 4080
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4081",
"o:id": 4081
}
],
"o:item_set": [],
"o:site": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2",
"o:id": 2
}
],
"dcterms:title": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 1,
"property_label": "Title",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "GP 103 Garda Smiss II"
}
],
"dcterms:identifier": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 10,
"property_label": "Identifier",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "GP0103"
}
],
"ai2:urlLinks": [
{
"type": "uri",
"property_id": 316,
"property_label": "Links",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/fornsok/lamning/7a38c090-5303-42d2-9e1e-75594a5aef6e",
"o:label": "Fornsök"
},
{
"type": "uri",
"property_id": 316,
"property_label": "Links",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "https://www.kringla.nu/kringla/objekt?itemNumber=L1976:2923&referens=raa/lamning/7a38c090-5303-42d2-9e1e-75594a5aef6e",
"o:label": "Kringla"
},
{
"type": "uri",
"property_id": 316,
"property_label": "Links",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "https://digitaltmuseum.se/0210213398714/bildsten",
"o:label": "Digitalt Museum"
},
{
"type": "uri",
"property_id": 316,
"property_label": "Links",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25",
"o:label": "ATA"
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],
"ai2:ksamsok": [
{
"type": "uri",
"property_id": 346,
"property_label": "K-Samsök",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/7a38c090-5303-42d2-9e1e-75594a5aef6e",
"o:label": "K-Samsök"
}
],
"ai2:findLocation": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 280,
"property_label": "Find Location",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Häbbnautet – a meadow near Smiss gård (farmstead) in Garda socken. "
}
],
"ai2:findLocationClassification": [
{
"type": "customvocab:7",
"property_id": 318,
"property_label": "Find Context Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Agricultural Field"
}
],
"ai2:findLocationParish": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 293,
"property_label": "Parish Find Location",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Garda"
}
],
"ai2:findingPlaceName": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 292,
"property_label": "Finding Place Name",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Garda Smiss"
}
],
"ai2:findLocationContext": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 291,
"property_label": "Find Context",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Återfunnen tillsammans med Smiss I i en äng vid uppodling."
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationClassification": [
{
"type": "customvocab:6",
"property_id": 332,
"property_label": "Present Location Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg"
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationName": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 314,
"property_label": "Present Location Name",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Magasin Visborg"
}
],
"ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "According to Pehr Arvid Säve’s “Gotländska Samlingar” II (1887), the stone was found in 1873, together with GP 96 Garda Smiss I, in a meadow called Häbbnautet which is located near Smiss (towards Ansarve). During an investigation in 1978, however, the find place could not be verified (according to the RAÄ inventory book 1978-06-14). According to Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 40, 47–48, 58–61; 1964), picture stones of the cist stone Type, to which the stone from Smiss certainly belongs (see IX), were used either pairwise representing grave markers or in a group of four forming cist-shaped (grave or sacrificial) monuments. However, all known cist stones have been discovered in secondary contexts (Stenkvist 2014). "
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2143",
"value_resource_id": 2143,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2143",
"display_title": "GP 96 Garda Smiss I",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/9fc3378f5668f1b59f2a0b1a8ce936c678bb642e.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0096.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
}
],
"ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 283,
"property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "The limestone slab has a thickness of about 10 cm at the upper and the lower part; however, the stone is slightly less thick. It is 0.74 m high, 0.51 m wide at its basis and 0.46 m wide at its upper corners. The main rectangular picture field has a size of 0.31 x 0.25 m. The picture stone’s root is approx. 0.22 m high. The monument is almost completely preserved; only a very small part of its root seems to be broken off. \n\nThe decorated surface is relatively flat; however, the lower right part of the main picture field is very weathered and rougher than the rest of it. Apparently, at some time, this part was more exposed to moisture. "
}
],
"ai2:dimensionsHeight": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 298,
"property_label": "Height",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "74"
}
],
"ai2:dimensionsWidth": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 299,
"property_label": "Width",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "46"
}
],
"ai2:dimensionsThickness": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 300,
"property_label": "Thickness",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "10"
}
],
"ai2:material": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 301,
"property_label": "Material",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Limestone"
}
],
"ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 284,
"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "The grooves left by the chisel in order to mark the background plane are clearly visible in the left half and upper part of the surface. However, the relief figures are less than a millimetre high and thus hard to identify. In addition, the right part of the depiction in the main field is weathered and almost obliterated. \n\nThe small head part of the cist stone is decorated with a horizontal row of triangles or a zigzag pattern. The depiction in the rectangular main field of the stone remains completely unclear in Olof Sörling’s drawing, which is the only image of the stone published in “Gotlands Bildsteine”. It was described by Sune Lindqvist as an unclear ribbon pattern, probably carved by a “bungler” (Lindqvist 1964, 66). A photo of the stone without paint is published by Lindqvist in 1964 (fig. 19), showing the grooves of the chisel and the weathered surface of the right part quite well. A photo of the painted stone dating to 1933, however, is kept in ATA. It shows a much more detailed view of the ribbon-like elements in the left part of the simply framed picture field as well as a larger, possibly anthropomorphic figure in the centre. Above this assumed figure a roughly circular ribbon can be seen. \n\nAccording to Sigmund Oehrl (2019, pp. 243–245), who re-examined the stone and analysed it based on 3D- and RTI-documentation, the figure in the centre represents a man with horned headgear, depicted en face, and the ribbon-like elements must be understood as a pair of bent spears crossing each other. In addition, according to Oehrl, the man holds two short staff-shaped objects in his right hand, crossing each other as well, forming a Saint Andrew’s cross. Thus, the carving represents a known motif which can also be observed on Viking Age coins, the Oseberg tapestry, and a silver figurine from Ekhammar in Uppland (Oehrl 2019, pl. 294a–e). "
}
],
"ai2:interpretations": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "The horned warrior is a rare feature in the iconography of the Gotlandic picture stones. A horned man escorting a ship, however, can definitively be seen on the Vendel/Viking Age fragment GP 339 Rute St. Valle 2 and probably also on the large type D cist stone GP 110 Gothem kyrka III. Beyond that, the motif occurs frequently in Vendel and Viking Period art (the corpus is collected by Helmbrecht 2011, pp. 140–146). It is very likely that these figures represent a Norse deity (detailed, with literature and sources: Oehrl 2017; Oehrl 2019, pp. 233–242). That they can represent the god Wodan/Óðinn seems to be shown by the fact that some of them are one-eyed, like the so called ʻweapon dancerʼ on one of the Torslunda models (Arrhenius/Freij 1992, p. 76, fig. 6; Helmbrecht 2011, p. 168). Óðinn is described as one-eyed in Skaldic and Eddic poetry since the 10th century. The horned and one-eyed figure from Torslunda is accompanied by a warrior with a wolf-like animal mask, reminiscent of the úlfheðnar – animal warriors mentioned in early Skaldic poetry who, according to Snorri Sturlusson’s Ynglinga saga, are closely linked to the god Óðinn (Samson 2011; 2020). On Vendel Period helmet plates, a small horned warrior of that kind is hovering behind a horse rider, like an eidolon, assisting him in throwing his spear, acting as divine helper in battle. This motif seems to be inspired by Roman depictions of the numen victoriae (Hauck 1981). It can be connected to Old Norse written sources (Beck 1964, pp. 31–45) like the Skaldic poem Gráfeldardrápa written by Glúmr Geirason (after 974), which tells that the gods guide or steer (stýra) the heroes on the battlefield. In the Eddic poem Hlǫðskviða stanza 28 (probably 9th century) the King of the Goths invokes Óðinn, god of war and father of the fallen, to steer his throwing spear (láti svá Óðinn flein fliúga – Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 309). "
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2384",
"value_resource_id": 2384,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2384",
"display_title": "GP 339 Rute St. Valle 2",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f2f482480f543f7cf6b285590bbf8cb7c420d43e.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0339.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2157",
"value_resource_id": 2157,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2157",
"display_title": "GP0110",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e54dae2855d87c57f67fb4d382e3dcaf6d45ac21.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0110.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
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],
"ai2:typeAndDating": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "The slab represents a picture stone with gavel-like, wave-shaped upper edge, a so-called cist stone. Thus, the stone could be interpreted as one of two stones marking a burial at the head and foot end or as a stone cist consisting of four slabs, representing either a grave marker or a kind of sacrificial cist (Lindqvist 1964). Most cist stones represent late-type picture stones, belonging to ʻAbschnittʼ C/D or E according to Lindqvist. There is only a very small number of Type B cist stones known to date (see in particular Halla Broa V–VI). According to Lindqvist, the cist stone from Garda Smiss most likely represents a Type C stone but could also be assigned to ʻAbschnittʼ D, however, without giving sufficient reasons (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, pp. 48, 50). As a result, the stone can only be roughly dated between the 8th and 10th centuries. The most striking parallels concerning the probable picture motif date to the 9th and 10th centuries. "
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2190",
"value_resource_id": 2190,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2190",
"display_title": "GP 144 Halla Broa V",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ca211887faad2444d4e2935a657ba14141c5696a.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0144.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2191",
"value_resource_id": 2191,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2191",
"display_title": "GP 145 Halla Broa VI",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ef70a54a3f72a598d697b65669ed660577418999.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0145.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
}
],
"ai2:shapeLindqvist": [
{
"type": "customvocab:3",
"property_id": 305,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Shape",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Cist stone"
}
],
"ai2:typeLindqvist": [
{
"type": "customvocab:2",
"property_id": 303,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Type",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)"
}
],
"ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [
{
"type": "customvocab:5",
"property_id": 317,
"property_label": "Runic Inscription or not",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "No"
}
],
"ai2:references": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 288,
"property_label": "References",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 47, fig. 355; 1964, p. 66, fig. 19; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 242–245, pls. 288a–293c. "
}
],
"ai2:fornsokID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 310,
"property_label": "Fornsök ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "L1976:2923"
}
],
"ai2:raaID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 307,
"property_label": "RAÄ ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Garde 19:3"
}
],
"ai2:slID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 328,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Title",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Garda, Smiss II"
}
],
"ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 312,
"property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "GFA3644"
}
],
"ai2:model3D": [
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 344,
"property_label": "3D model",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4531",
"value_resource_id": 4531,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/4531",
"display_title": "3D Model GP0103",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0103_DEPTH.nxz",
"thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream"
}
],
"ai2:jpID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 308,
"property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "70"
}
],
"ai2:limestoneType": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 325,
"property_label": "Limestone Type",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "fine limestone without reef debris"
}
],
"ai2:geologicalGroup": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 326,
"property_label": "Geological Group",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Klinteberg Formation (40%)"
}
],
"ai2:summarySwedish": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 327,
"property_label": "Swedish Summary",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Fyndplats\nFunnen 1873 på ängen ʻHäbbnautetʼ i närheten av Smiss i Garda socken.\n\nNuvarande förvaringsplats\nGotlands Museum, Magasin Visborg.\n\nBeskrivning\nVågformad platta av 74.5 m höjd, så kallad kiststen som förmodligen har varit del av en gravkonstruktion eller ett kistliknande monument. \nYtan är vittrad och reliefen är mindre än en millimeter djup. Möjligen rester av en mansfigur med stora horn på huvudet.\n\nDatering\nMellan 700- och 900-talet e.Kr. (vikingatid).\n\nTolkning\nMansfigurer med horn respektive hornhjälm förekommer ofta i vikingatidens och vendeltidens konst. Motiven brukar tolkas som guden Oden. Se GP 339 Rute St. Valle 2.\n\nSO"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 327,
"property_label": "Swedish Summary",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2384",
"value_resource_id": 2384,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2384",
"display_title": "GP 339 Rute St. Valle 2",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f2f482480f543f7cf6b285590bbf8cb7c420d43e.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0339.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
}
],
"ai2:iconography": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 324,
"property_label": "Iconographic Keywords",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "spear"
},
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 324,
"property_label": "Iconographic Keywords",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "staff"
},
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 324,
"property_label": "Iconographic Keywords",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "human figure"
},
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 324,
"property_label": "Iconographic Keywords",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "man"
},
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 324,
"property_label": "Iconographic Keywords",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "frontal"
},
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 324,
"property_label": "Iconographic Keywords",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "headgear"
},
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 324,
"property_label": "Iconographic Keywords",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "horn"
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],
"ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 289,
"property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "6357731"
}
],
"ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 290,
"property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "714954"
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 295,
"property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "6390259"
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 296,
"property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "695514"
}
],
"ai2:downloadPath": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 349,
"property_label": "Path to download",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgAMvJKsaw6dTJqaZQN4rYm_AR1US9fNJMyBoijArjQ67Bc?e=LV6nyh"
}
],
"@reverse": {
"ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2143",
"o:title": "GP 96 Garda Smiss I"
}
],
"ai2:interpretations": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2384",
"o:title": "GP 339 Rute St. Valle 2"
}
],
"ai2:typeAndDating": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2601",
"o:title": "GP 557 Väskinde kyrka III"
}
],
"ai2:summarySwedish": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2384",
"o:title": "GP 339 Rute St. Valle 2"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2143",
"o:title": "GP 96 Garda Smiss I"
}
],
"ai2:modelVisualizes": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4531",
"o:title": "3D Model GP0103"
}
]
},
"o-module-mapping:mapping": {
"@context": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context",
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mappings/2",
"@type": "o-module-mapping:Map",
"o:id": 2,
"o:item": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2150",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4195",
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"type": "uri",
"property_id": 316,
"property_label": "Links",
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"@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25",
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 280,
"property_label": "Find Location",
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"@value": "The Broa (today Broe) necropolis in Högbro, Halla parish, probably re-used as part of a Viking Age grave. "
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],
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"type": "customvocab:7",
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 291,
"property_label": "Find Context",
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"@value": "Funnen i grav tillsammans med Broa VI. I en grav med ringspännen."
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{
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"@value": "Yes"
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"@value": "SHM Storage"
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"property_id": 314,
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{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
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"@value": "Lindqvist published 20 picture stones under the name of the farmstead Broa (today Broe), all of which appear to originate from the unusually large Iron Age grave field, which is situated in the south-western part of Halla parish, close to the border to Roma parish, and which had been well known through the ages, first mentioned by Strelow in 1633. The farm belongs to the community of Högbro. Since time immemorial, two important country roads, the road Halla-Viklau and the road Roma-Sjonhem (ʻVisbyvägenʼ) intersect here, where a rise consisting of gravel (the ʻhigh bridgeʼ = Högbro) clearly emerges out of the terrain, leading across the great bog system Romamyr-Stormyr. Both roads in turn are intersected by the railway line Roma-Etelhem. The railway intersects both roads a few hundred metres to the west and southwest of the crossing, respectively. During the 19th century, the Högbro elevation was severely diminished and large parts of the Broa cemetery were destroyed by clearing and cultivation, gravel mining, house building, and railway and road construction, as well as deliberate grave robbing. Many finds from Broa were sold on the antiquities market during this time, with many acquired by ATA. Unfortunately, the large and highly important cemetery of Högbro-Broa is still not published adequately; its present documentation is incomplete and confusing. The best overview about the history and state of research is given by Lena Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, pp. 621–623; IV:1, pp. 324–347). \n\nThe first professional and large-scale excavation took place in 1899, conducted by Hans Hansson, who unearthed 14 graves in a small area right next to the intersection, just south of the road Roma-Sjonhem and east of the road to Viklau. One further large-scale excavation was carried out in 1981–82 by Ann-Marie Pettersson, who investigated 120 graves (9 inhumation, 102 cremation, 9 without bones) in a small area (circa 700 m2) about 50 m north of the road Roma–Sjonhem and about 40 m east of the road to Halla (Broe 1:71; see the report compiled by Daniel Langhammer from 2012, RAGU dnr 13/82, 789/84). Apart from that, several minor and poorly documented investigations took place in the beginning of the 20th century and, in particular, during the 1930s and the early 1940s. \n\nTwo larger areas are registered by ATA, a burial ground north of the road Roma-Sjonhem (ATA Halla 46:1) and a burial ground south of the road (ATA Halla 48:1). The first one (46:1) covers an area of circa 120 x 110 m (E–W) and contains 66 circular stone settings and 120 investigated flat graves. The other one (48:1) is about 300 x 120 m (N-S) and features 202 circular stone settings. Several other registered monuments, about 15 stone settings, 2 stone kists and 1 gravklot (large spherical stone) seem to belong to the Broa grave field as well (ATA Halla 1:1, 1:2, 74:1, 78:1, 79:1; Roma 31:1, 31:2, 32:1). Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, p. 622) estimates the number of investigated graves alone at about 300 to 400. The actual size and extent of the necropolis, however, remains uncertain. \n\nThe oldest investigated burials can be dated to the Roman Iron Age although some unexcavated stone settings are typical for the Pre-Roman Iron Age. Most of the graves, however, date to the Migration, Vendel and Viking Periods. First and foremost, the grave field is well-known and frequently cited for some particularly important finds such as the decorated horse harness from the equestrian burial discovered in 1899, after which the Broa Style is named (Salin 1922; Thunmark-Nylén 1992; 1995–2006 IV:1, pp. 325–326), the lyre bridge of amber from the same grave (Reimers 1980), and many remarkable finds of glass vessels from all periods (Nylén 1969). Furthermore, there are several elite warriors’s graves containing fragments of ring-swords as well as a Vendel helmet (Nerman 1969–1975 I:1, p. 29; II, fig. 601). \n\nRegarding the picture stones, the exact location of the find spots is difficult to determine in most cases, and their contexts and relation to the known parts of the cemetery remain unclear. Most of them originate from the railway line and the area west of it (called ʻBrandenʼ), and the rest from the area east of the road to Halla, between the road and the border to Roma (ʻKlosterängenʼ). Lindqvist (1941/42 II, fig. 378) provides a map, which was primarily composed at the National Heritage Board (RAÄ) based on the information kept in ATA. It identifies the location of the find places of the stones as carefully as they could be determined at the time of Lindqvist. \n\nAccording to information given in a report about new acquisitions of SHM during the year 1906, the picture stones Halla Broa V–VI were found “[…] in a grave, from which two or three years ago finds (ring brooches) had been sent (cf. Inv. 11939, 11987, or 12087)” (Fornvännen 1906, pp. 209–210; cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 61). The mentioned numbers represent Viking Period grave inventories, among them ring brooches dating to the 10th and 11th centuries (Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 IV:1, p. 316–318; Rundkvist 2012, p. 152 no. 12). Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 40) states that the picture stones were found as building material in a Viking- Age stone mound. According to a letter by Wennersten from 1905-03-07 (ATA Go Halla sn, Broa vol. III), the stones were found some years before by the landowner Vilhelm Olsson on his property, probably in a field called ʻStrandbergsåkerʼ. Two gravklot were found on this occasion as well. The find spot, where former landowners had found many graves, is situated about 50 m east of the road to Halla and about 100 m north of the road to Sjonhem (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, fig. 378), i.e., close to the area RAÄ Halla 46:1. However, Wennersten was not able to reconstruct the original arrangement and the relation of the stone slabs to each other. Surprisingly, Wennersten’s letter from 1905 does not mention that the stones were incorporated into a mound (Stenqvist 2014, p. 12). \n\nAccording to Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 40, 47–48, 58–61; 1964, pp. 42–84), small picture stones such as Halla Broa V–VI, featuring a wave-shaped upper edge (cist stones), were originally used either pairwise representing grave markers or in a group of four forming cist-shaped (grave or sacrificial) monuments. However, all known cist stones have been discovered in secondary contexts (Stenkvist 2014). See IX. "
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"url": "/s/index/item/2191",
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"type": "literal",
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"@value": "“Limestone slab, 8.5 cm thick. The obverse even, the narrow sides slightly converge towards the top and are hewn at approximately right angles towards the obverse, but convex in profile. The reverse is rough and unworked. The width of the stone is 39.5 cm between the upper corners, 41 cm at the lower edge of the decoration; the stone’s height is 41 cm, of which 20 cm are accounted for by the part above the lower edge of the decoration. Decorated with chiselled lines about 2 mm wide and 1 mm deep that form a simple border” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 61–62). The stone is almost completely preserved, with only the left corner of the root is broken off. The decoration is easily discernible. "
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 298,
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"@value": "41"
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"property_label": "Material",
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"@value": "Limestone"
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 284,
"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "The stone is framed by a border with a coarse step pattern, typical for middle-type picture stones (ʻAbschnittʼ B), which Lindqvist interprets as simplified twisted-cord. At the upper edge, the slab features a double border. Thus, the border decoration fills almost the entire obverse. Photos of the unpainted stone and a drawing by Olof Sörling from 1906 are kept in ATA’s Run- och bildstenssamling. The latter was also published in Fornvännen 1906, fig. 7. Lindqvist provides a photo of the painted monument (1941/42 I, fig. 45). "
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"ai2:interpretations": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
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"@value": "No interpretation"
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"@value": "The typical outline of a small gable-like slab with wave-shaped upper edge, a so-called cist stone, is completely preserved. In most cases, those stones represent late-type monuments, belonging to Lindqvist’s ʻAbschnittʼ C/D or E. Due to the small size and the typical decoration of Halla Broa V–VI, however, Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 38, 40) assigns both stones to ʻAbschnittʼ B, dating to AD 500 to 700. They are the only cist stones that Lindqvist assigned to ʻAbschnittʼ B. However, already in “Gotlands Bildsteine” he remarked that their original function as parts of a cist-shaped (sacrificial) monument, which consists of four slabs, remains uncertain (ibid.). In his 1964 (p. 42) study about “Forngutniska Altaren” Lindqvist does not regard Halla Broa V-VI as ʻcist stonesʼ in the narrow sense anymore, preferring the term “slabs with cist-stone-outline”. Instead, he believes that they were grave markers that were placed at the head and the foot end of a grave, with their roots forming an underground stone cist (1964, p. 42). "
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"property_label": "Lindqvist Shape",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Cist stone"
},
{
"type": "customvocab:3",
"property_id": 305,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Shape",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Dwarf stone"
}
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{
"type": "customvocab:2",
"property_id": 303,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Type",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "B (ca. 500-700)"
}
],
"ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [
{
"type": "customvocab:5",
"property_id": 317,
"property_label": "Runic Inscription or not",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "No"
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"type": "literal",
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"property_label": "References",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Fornvännen 1906, pp. 209–210, fig. 7; Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 40, fig. 45; II, pp. 61–62; 1964, 42, fig. 13; Rundkvist 2012, p. 152 no. 12; Stenqvist 2014 II, p. 12, fig. 15; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 11, 32. "
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"property_id": 328,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Title",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Halla, Broa V"
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"ai2:model3D": [
{
"type": "resource:item",
"property_id": 344,
"property_label": "3D model",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4676",
"value_resource_id": 4676,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/4676",
"display_title": "3D model for GP0144",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0144_RGB.nxz",
"thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream"
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{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 308,
"property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "105"
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 311,
"property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "12709"
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"ai2:summarySwedish": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 327,
"property_label": "Swedish Summary",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1906 som sekundärt byggnadsmaterial i en vikingatida grav på gravfältet Broa i Halla socken. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStatens Historiska Museums magasin, Tumba. \n\nBeskrivning \nDvärgsten (typ B), 41 x 41 cm, med kantdekoration \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men bildstenen tillhör perioden 500-700. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA "
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"property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)",
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"@value": "6581391"
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"property_id": 296,
"property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)",
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"@value": "675775"
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 349,
"property_label": "Path to download",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgDlDyvAiraqT7e28AlpoFVGAS4KzY8AsTjVwgQS6ZLeVtY?e=zfH66a"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2213",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2075",
"o:title": "GP 28 Bara Nederbjärs II"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2128",
"o:title": "GP 81 Fole Änge 2"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2150",
"o:title": "GP 103 Garda Smiss II"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2191",
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},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2194",
"o:title": "GP 148 Halla Broa XIX"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2285",
"o:title": "GP 239 Lokrume Tomase I"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2286",
"o:title": "GP 240 Lokrume Tomase II"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2287",
"o:title": "GP 241 Lokrume Tomase III"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2288",
"o:title": "GP 242 Lokrume Tomase IV"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2289",
"o:title": "GP 243 Lokrume Tomase V"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2297",
"o:title": "GP 251 Lärbro Norder-Ire III"
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"o:id": 1
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"property_label": "Identifier",
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"ai2:urlLinks": [
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"property_id": 316,
"property_label": "Links",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25",
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{
"type": "customvocab:7",
"property_id": 318,
"property_label": "Find Context Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Grave"
}
],
"ai2:findLocationParish": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 293,
"property_label": "Parish Find Location",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Halla"
}
],
"ai2:findingPlaceName": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 292,
"property_label": "Finding Place Name",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Halla Broa"
}
],
"ai2:findLocationContext": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 291,
"property_label": "Find Context",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Funnen i grav tilsammans med Broa V. I en grav med ringspännen."
}
],
"ai2:grave": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 306,
"property_label": "Grave or Not",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Yes"
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationClassification": [
{
"type": "customvocab:6",
"property_id": 332,
"property_label": "Present Location Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "SHM Storage"
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationName": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 314,
"property_label": "Present Location Name",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "SHM"
}
],
"ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Lindqvist published 20 picture stones under the name of the farmstead Broa (today Broe), all of which appear to originate from the unusually large Iron Age grave field, which is situated in the south-western part of Halla parish, close to the border to Roma parish, and which had been well known through the ages, first mentioned by Strelow in 1633. The farm belongs to the community of Högbro. Since time immemorial, two important country roads, the road Halla–Viklau and the road Roma-Sjonhem (ʻVisbyvägenʼ) intersect here, where a rise consisting of gravel (the ʻhigh bridgeʼ = Högbro) clearly emerges out of the terrain, leading across the great bog system Romamyr-Stormyr. Both roads in turn are intersected by the railway line Roma-Etelhem. The railway intersects both roads a few hundred metres to the west and southwest of the crossing, respectively. During the 19th century, the Högbro elevation was severely diminished and large parts of the Broa cemetery were destroyed by clearing and cultivation, gravel mining, house building, railway and road construction, as well as deliberate grave robbing. Many finds from Broa were sold on the antiquities market during this time, with many acquired by ATA. Unfortunately, the large and highly important cemetery of Högbro-Broa is still not published adequately; its present documentation is incomplete and confusing. The best overview about the history and state of research is given by Lena Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, pp. 621–623; IV:1, pp. 324–347). \n\nThe first professional and large-scale excavation took place in 1899, conducted by Hans Hansson, who unearthed 14 graves in a small area next to the intersection, just south of the road Roma–Sjonhem and east of the road to Viklau. One further large-scale excavation was carried out in 1981–82 by Ann-Marie Pettersson, who investigated 120 graves (9 inhumation, 102 cremation, 9 without bones) in a small area (circa 700 m2) about 50 m north of the road Roma–Sjonhem and about 40 m east of the road to Halla (Broe 1:71; see the report compiled by Daniel Langhammer from 2012, RAGU dnr 13/82, 789/84). Apart from that, several minor and poorly documented investigations took place, in the beginning of the 20th century and, in particular, during the 1930s and the early 1940s. \n\nTwo larger areas are registered by ATA, a burial ground north of the road Roma-Sjonhem (ATA Halla 46:1) and a burial ground south of the road (ATA Halla 48:1). The first one (46:1) covers an area of circa 120 x 110 m (E–W) and contains 66 circular stone settings and 120 investigated flat graves. The other one (48:1) is about 300 x 120 m (N-S) and features 202 circular stone settings. Several other registered monuments, about 15 stone settings, 2 stone kists and 1 gravklot (large spherical stone) seem to belong to the Broa grave field as well (ATA Halla 1:1, 1:2, 74:1, 78:1, 79:1; Roma 31:1, 31:2, 32:1). Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, p. 622) estimates the number of investigated graves alone at about 300 to 400. The actual size and extent of the cemetery, however, remains uncertain. \n\nThe oldest investigated burials can be dated to the Roman Iron Age although some unexcavated stone settings are typical for the Pre-Roman Iron Age. Most of the graves, however, date to the Migration, Vendel and Viking Periods. First and foremost, the grave field is well-known and frequently cited for some particularly important finds such as the decorated horse harness from the equestrian burial discovered in 1899, after which the Broa Style is named (Salin 1922; Thunmark-Nylén 1992; 1995–2006 IV:1, pp. 325–326), the lyre bridge of amber from the same grave (Reimers 1980), and many remarkable finds of glass vessels from all periods (Nylén 1969). Furthermore, there are several elite warriors’s graves containing fragments of ring-swords as well as a Vendel helmet (Nerman 1969–1975 I:1, p. 29; II, fig. 601). \n\nRegarding the picture stones, the exact location of the find spots is difficult to determine in most cases, and their contexts and relation to the known parts of the cemetery remain unclear. Most of them originate from the railway line and the area west of it (called ʻBrandenʼ) and the rest from the area east of the road to Halla, between the road and the border to Roma (ʻKlosterängenʼ). Lindqvist (1941/42 II, fig. 378) provides a map, which was primarily composed at the National Heritage Board (RAÄ) based on the information kept in ATA. It identifies the location of the find places of the stones as carefully as they could be determined at the time of Lindqvist. \n\nAccording to information given in a report about new acquisitions of SHM during the year 1906, the picture stones Halla Broa V–VI were found “[…] in a grave, from which two or three years ago finds (ring brooches) had been sent (cf. Inv. 11939, 11987, or 12087)” (Fornvännen 1906, pp. 209–210; cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 61). The mentioned numbers represent Viking Period grave inventories, among them ring brooches dating to the 10th and 11th centuries (Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 IV:1, p. 316–318; Rundkvist 2012, p. 152 no. 12). Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 40) states that the picture stones were found as building material in a Viking Age stone mound. According to a letter by Wennersten from 1905-03-07 (ATA Go Halla sn, Broa vol. III), the stones were found some years before by the landowner Vilhelm Olsson on his property, probably on a field called ʻStrandbergsåkerʼ. Two gravklot were found on this occasion as well. The find spot, where former landowners had already found many graves, is situated about 50 m east of the road to Halla and about 100 m north of the road to Sjonhem (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, fig. 378), i.e., close to the area RAÄ Halla 46:1. However, Wennersten was not able to reconstruct the original arrangement and the relation of both stone slabs to each other. Surprisingly, Wennersten’s letter from 1905 does not mention that the stones were incorporated into a mound (Stenqvist 2014, p. 12). \n\nAccording to Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 40, 47–48, 58–61; 1964, pp. 42–84), small picture stones such as Halla Broa V–VI, featuring a wave-shaped upper edge (cist stones), were originally used either pairwise representing grave markers or in a group of four forming cist-shaped (grave or sacrificial) monuments. However, all known cist stones have been discovered in secondary contexts (Stenkvist 2014). See IX. "
},
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"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2190",
"value_resource_id": 2190,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2190",
"display_title": "GP 144 Halla Broa V",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ca211887faad2444d4e2935a657ba14141c5696a.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0144.jpg",
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"ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 283,
"property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition",
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"@value": "“Limestone slab, up to 11 cm thick. The obverse even, but with considerable bulges. The narrow sides are diverging towards the top and hewn at about right angles towards the obverse, the top side is hewn and rounded towards both the obverse and the reverse, without recognisable chamfer. The total height is 57 cm, of which 25 cm are above the lower edge of the decoration, the width between the upper corners is 37 cm. Decorated with chiselled lines 2 mm wide and 1 mm deep that form a border” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 62). The stone is completely preserved, including the large root. The border decoration is clearly discernible, while some remains of carvings in the main field are very faint and hard to determine. "
}
],
"ai2:dimensionsHeight": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 298,
"property_label": "Height",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "57"
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"ai2:dimensionsWidth": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 299,
"property_label": "Width",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "37"
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 301,
"property_label": "Material",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Limestone"
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"ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 284,
"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "The stone is framed by a border with a coarse step pattern, typical for middle-type picture stones (ʻAbschnittʼ B), which Lindqvist interprets as simplified twisted-cord. In the main field, according to Lindqvist, “[…] the remains of human figures etc. can be seen” (1941/42 II, p. 62). The photo of the painted stone provided by Lindqvist (1941/42 I. fig. 44, dating to 1937) as well as a drawing by Olof Sörling from 1911, kept in ATA’s Run och bildstenssamling, possibly show the legs and feet of a man in the right half of the image field, and perhaps the head and further scattered parts of a second human figure in the left half. A small box-like square appears to be placed on the bottom line of the field, approimately. in its middle. However, this interpretation is uncertain. It cannot be ruled out that these lines represent the remains of a geometrical pattern instead, similar to the border decoration. Another drawing by Sörling, which was published in Fornvännen 1906, fig. 7, does not consider these carvings at all but shows an empty field. Photos of the unpainted stone (1933) and Sörling’s drawings are kept in ATA’s as well. "
}
],
"ai2:interpretations": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "No interpretation"
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],
"ai2:typeAndDating": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "The typical outline of a small gabel-like slab with wave-shaped upper edge, a so-called cist stone, is completely preserved. In most cases, those stones represent late-type monuments, belonging to Lindqvist’s ʻAbschnittʼ C/D or E. Due to the small size and the typical border decoration of Halla Broa V–VI, however, Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 38, 40) assigns both stones to ʻAbschnittʼ B, dating to AD 500–700. They are the only cist stones that Lindqvist assigned to ʻAbschnittʼ B. However, already in “Gotlands Bildsteine” he remarked that their original function as parts of a cist-shaped (sacrificial) monument, which consists of four slabs, remains uncertain (ibid.). In his 1964 (p. 42) study about “Forngutniska Altaren” Lindqvist does not regard Halla Broa V–VI as ʻcist stonesʼ in the narrow sense anymore, preferring the term “slabs with cist-stone-outline”. Instead, he believes that they were grave markers that were placed at the head and the foot end of a grave, with their roots forming an underground stone cist (1964, p. 42). "
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"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2190",
"display_title": "GP 144 Halla Broa V",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ca211887faad2444d4e2935a657ba14141c5696a.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0144.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
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"ai2:shapeLindqvist": [
{
"type": "customvocab:3",
"property_id": 305,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Shape",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Cist stone"
},
{
"type": "customvocab:3",
"property_id": 305,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Shape",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Dwarf stone"
}
],
"ai2:typeLindqvist": [
{
"type": "customvocab:2",
"property_id": 303,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Type",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "B (ca. 500-700)"
}
],
"ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [
{
"type": "customvocab:5",
"property_id": 317,
"property_label": "Runic Inscription or not",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "No"
}
],
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{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 288,
"property_label": "References",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Fornvännen 1906, pp. 209–210, fig. 6; Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 38, 40, fig. 44; II, pp. 62; 1964, 42, fig. 13; Rundkvist 2012, p. 152 no. 12; Stenqvist 2014, p. 12, fig. 16; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 11, 32. "
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],
"ai2:slID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 328,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Title",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Halla, Broa VI"
}
],
"ai2:model3D": [
{
"type": "resource:item",
"property_id": 344,
"property_label": "3D model",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4677",
"value_resource_id": 4677,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/4677",
"display_title": "3D model for GP0145",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0145_RGB.nxz",
"thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream"
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"ai2:jpID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 308,
"property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "106"
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],
"ai2:shmID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 311,
"property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "12709"
}
],
"ai2:summarySwedish": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 327,
"property_label": "Swedish Summary",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1906 som sekundärt byggnadsmaterial i en vikingatida grav på gravfältet Broa i Halla socken. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStatens Historiska Museums magasin, Tumba. \n\nBeskrivning \nDvärgsten (typ B), 57 x 37 cm, med kantdekoration och ett bildfält med spår av stående människor. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men bildstenen tillhör perioden 500-700.\n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA "
}
],
"ai2:iconography": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 324,
"property_label": "Iconographic Keywords",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "human figure"
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{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 324,
"property_label": "Iconographic Keywords",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "leg"
},
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 324,
"property_label": "Iconographic Keywords",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "foot"
},
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 324,
"property_label": "Iconographic Keywords",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "extremity"
},
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 324,
"property_label": "Iconographic Keywords",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "head"
},
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 324,
"property_label": "Iconographic Keywords",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "man"
},
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 324,
"property_label": "Iconographic Keywords",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "polygon"
}
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"ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 295,
"property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "6581391"
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],
"ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 296,
"property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "675775"
}
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"ai2:downloadPath": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 349,
"property_label": "Path to download",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgAph8KOgxImS67ABE1uezARAdltzlxzpyiotp1ymaTDNKM?e=7B5HzP"
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2190",
"o:title": "GP 144 Halla Broa V"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2213",
"o:title": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve"
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],
"ai2:typeAndDating": [
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2075",
"o:title": "GP 28 Bara Nederbjärs II"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2128",
"o:title": "GP 81 Fole Änge 2"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2150",
"o:title": "GP 103 Garda Smiss II"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2190",
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2194",
"o:title": "GP 148 Halla Broa XIX"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2285",
"o:title": "GP 239 Lokrume Tomase I"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2286",
"o:title": "GP 240 Lokrume Tomase II"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2287",
"o:title": "GP 241 Lokrume Tomase III"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2288",
"o:title": "GP 242 Lokrume Tomase IV"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2289",
"o:title": "GP 243 Lokrume Tomase V"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2297",
"o:title": "GP 251 Lärbro Norder-Ire III"
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],
"ai2:modelVisualizes": [
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4677",
"o:title": "3D model for GP0145"
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"o:id": 1
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{
"type": "literal",
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"property_label": "Identifier",
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"type": "uri",
"property_id": 316,
"property_label": "Links",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25",
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{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 280,
"property_label": "Find Location",
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"@value": "The Broa (today Broe) cemetery in Högbro, Halla parish, re-used as cover slab on a Viking Age burial. "
}
],
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{
"type": "customvocab:7",
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"property_label": "Find Context Classification",
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],
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"property_label": "Parish Find Location",
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"property_id": 292,
"property_label": "Finding Place Name",
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{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 291,
"property_label": "Find Context",
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],
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{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 306,
"property_label": "Grave or Not",
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"@value": "Yes"
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],
"ai2:presentLocationClassification": [
{
"type": "customvocab:6",
"property_id": 332,
"property_label": "Present Location Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "SHM Storage"
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],
"ai2:presentLocationName": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 314,
"property_label": "Present Location Name",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "SHM"
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],
"ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Lindqvist published 20 picture stones under the name of the farmstead Broa (today Broe), all of which appear to originate from the unusually large Iron Age grave field, which is situated in the south-western part of Halla parish, close to the border to Roma parish, and which had been well known through the ages, first mentioned by Strelow in 1633. The farm belongs to the community of Högbro. Since time immemorial, two important country roads, the road Halla–Viklau and the road Roma-Sjonhem (ʻVisbyvägenʼ) intersect here, where a rise consisting of gravel (the ʻhigh bridgeʼ = Högbro) clearly emerges out of the terrain, leading across the great bog system Romamyr-Stormyr. Both roads in turn are intersected by the railway line Roma–Etelhem. The railway intersects both roads a few hundred metres to the west and southwest of the crossing. During the 19th century, the Högbro elevation was severely diminished and large parts of the Broa cemetery were destroyed by clearing and cultivation, gravel mining, house building, railway and road construction, as well as deliberate grave robbing. Many finds from Broa were sold on the antiquities market during this time, with many acquired by ATA. Unfortunately, the large and highly important cemetery of Högbro-Broa is still not published adequately; its present documentation is incomplete and confusing. The best overview about the history and state of research is given by Lena Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, pp. 621–623; IV:1, pp. 324–347). \n\nThe first professional and large-scale excavation took place in 1899, conducted by Hans Hansson, who unearthed 14 graves in a small area next to the intersection, just south of the road Roma-Sjonhem and east of the road to Viklau. One further large-scale excavation was carried out in 1981–82 by Ann-Marie Pettersson, who investigated 120 graves (9 inhumation, 102 cremation, 9 without bones) in a small area (circa 700 m2) about 50 m north of the road Roma-Sjonhem and about 40 m east of the road to Halla (Broe 1:71; see the report compiled by Daniel Langhammer from 2012, RAGU dnr 13/82, 789/84). Apart from that, several minor and poorly documented investigations took place, in the beginning of the 20th century and, in particular during the 1930s and the early 1940s. \n\nTwo large areas are registered by ATA, a burial ground north of the road Roma-Sjonhem (ATA Halla 46:1) and a burial ground south of the road (ATA Halla 48:1). The first one (46:1) covers an area of circa 120 x 110 m (E–W) and contains 66 circular stone settings and 120 investigated flat graves. The other one (48:1) is about 300 x 120 m (N–S) and features 202 circular stone settings. Several other registered monuments, about 15 stone settings, 2 stone kists and 1 gravklot (large spherical stone) seem to belong to the Broa grave field as well (ATA Halla 1:1, 1:2, 74:1, 78:1, 79:1; Roma 31:1, 31:2, 32:1). Thunmark-Nylén (1995–2006 III:2, p. 622) estimates the number of investigated graves alone at about 300 to 400. The actual size and extent of the cemetery, however, remains uncertain. \n\nThe oldest investigated burials can be dated to the Roman Iron Age, although some unexcavated stone settings are typical for the Pre-Roman Iron Age. Most of the graves, however, date to the Migration, Vendel and Viking Periods. First and foremost, the grave field is well-known and frequently cited for some particularly important finds such as the decorated horse harness from the equestrian burial discovered in 1899, after which the Broa Style is named (Salin 1922; Thunmark-Nylén 1992; 1995–2006 IV:1, pp. 325–326), the lyre bridge of amber from the same grave (Reimers 1980), and many remarkable finds of glass vessels from all periods (Nylén 1969). Furthermore, several elite warrior graves contain fragments of ring-swords as well as a Vendel helmet (Nerman 1969–1975 I:1, p. 29; II, fig. 601). \n\nThe exact location of the find spots of the picture stones is difficult to determine in most cases, and their contexts and relation to the known parts of the cemetery remain unclear. Most of them originate from the railway line and the area west of it (called ʻBrandenʼ) and the rest from the area east of the road to Halla, between the road and the border to Roma (ʻKlosterängenʼ). Lindqvist (1941/42 II, fig. 378) provides a map, which was primarily composed at the National Heritage Board (RAÄ) based on the information kept in ATA. It identifies the location of the find places of the stones as carefully as they could be determined at Lindqvist’s time. \n\nHalla Broa XIX was found in 1933, re-used as part of a grave construction. It was discovered during the investigation of a circa 1000 m2 large area east of the property of O.V. Olafsson, in the northernmost part of the known cemetery, about 150 m east of the road to Halla (according to Lindqvist’s map, 1941/42 II, fig. 378). The archaeological investigation was conducted by Harald Hansson (Thunmark-Nylén 1995–2006 IV:1, pp. 340–345). The stone mound (röse) had a diameter of 1.75–2.00 m, and the picture stone served as a covering slab on an undisturbed cremation burial (grave 8/1933; ibid. p. 342; Rundkvist 2012, p. 153 cat. no. 15). A Viking Period penannular brooch was placed on top of the slab, while pottery shards and the cremated bones were beneath the stone cover. In the western part of the mound, remains of a disturbed inhumation grave were found (grave 9a–b/1933), covered by a stone slab as well, containing Viking Age material such as beads, a bronze dress pin, and a silver bracelet, as well as a heavily worn Vendel Period box brooch. The burial can be dated to the early 11th century. "
}
],
"ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 283,
"property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "There are no drawings or photos of the stone available, neither in Lindqvist’s book, nor in the archives. Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 67) gives the following information: “Limestone slab, above the slightly rougher root 4–6 cm thick. The obverse naturally even to some extent, possibly a bit hewn above the root. The narrow sides appear to be hewn at right angles towards the obverse, probably with a chamfer in between. The slightly convex top side is just as smooth as the right narrow side (which is 17 cm high) and the lowermost section of the left narrow side. The reverse is a rough, uneven fractures surface, possibly secondary. Total height 50 cm, about 20 cm of which above the root.” According to Lindqvist, the stone is “severely weathered”. "
}
],
"ai2:dimensionsHeight": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 298,
"property_label": "Height",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "50"
}
],
"ai2:dimensionsWidth": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 299,
"property_label": "Width",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "20"
}
],
"ai2:material": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 301,
"property_label": "Material",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Limestone"
}
],
"ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 284,
"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "There seem to be no traces of carvings discernable on the stone. "
}
],
"ai2:interpretations": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "No interpretation. "
}
],
"ai2:typeAndDating": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 38) assigns the stone to ʻAbschnittʼ B. His description of the fragment’s shape, however, is confusing and inconsistent: “Either a picture stone of ʻcist typeʼ (cf. Halla Broa V and VI) or fragment (root and the lower part of the body) of a picture stone with its corners aligned horizontally and the body tapering towards the top” (ibid. II, p. 67). Lindqvist compares Halla Broa XIX to Halla Broa V–VI, which feature the typical outline of the called cist stones, representing small gabel-like slabs with wave-shaped upper edge. In most cases, those stones represent late-type monuments, belonging to Lindqvist’s ʻAbschnittʼ C/D or E. Due to the small size and the typical decoration of Halla Broa V–VI, however, Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 38, 40) assigns both stones to ʻAbschnittʼ B, dating to AD 500–700. They represent the only cist stones, which Lindqvist assigned to ʻAbschnittʼ B. According to Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 40, 47–48, 58–61; 1964, pp. 42–84), small picture stones featuring a wave-shaped upper edge (cist stones), were originally used either pairwise representing grave markers or in a group of four forming cist-shaped (grave or sacrificial) monuments. However, all known cist stones have been discovered in secondary contexts (Stenkvist 2014). "
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 287,
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2190",
"value_resource_id": 2190,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2190",
"display_title": "GP 144 Halla Broa V",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ca211887faad2444d4e2935a657ba14141c5696a.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0144.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2191",
"value_resource_id": 2191,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2191",
"display_title": "GP 145 Halla Broa VI",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ef70a54a3f72a598d697b65669ed660577418999.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0145.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
}
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"ai2:shapeLindqvist": [
{
"type": "customvocab:3",
"property_id": 305,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Shape",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Cist stone"
},
{
"type": "customvocab:3",
"property_id": 305,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Shape",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Dwarf stone"
}
],
"ai2:typeLindqvist": [
{
"type": "customvocab:2",
"property_id": 303,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Type",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "B (ca. 500-700)"
}
],
"ai2:typeLindqvistNote": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 304,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Type Note",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Kiststen"
}
],
"ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [
{
"type": "customvocab:5",
"property_id": 317,
"property_label": "Runic Inscription or not",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "No"
}
],
"ai2:references": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 288,
"property_label": "References",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 67; Rundkvist 2012, p. 153 cat. no. 15; Stenkvist 2014 I p. 16, 33; II, p. 22. "
}
],
"ai2:slID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 328,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Title",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Halla, Broa XIX"
}
],
"ai2:model3D": [
{
"type": "resource:item",
"property_id": 344,
"property_label": "3D model",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4680",
"value_resource_id": 4680,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/4680",
"display_title": "3D model for GP0148",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0148_RGB.nxz",
"thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream"
}
],
"ai2:jpID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 308,
"property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "119"
}
],
"ai2:shmID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 311,
"property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "20517:8"
}
],
"ai2:summarySwedish": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 327,
"property_label": "Swedish Summary",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1933 återanvänd i en vikingatida grav på gravfältet Broa i Halla socken. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStatens Historiska Museums magasin, Tumba. \n\nBeskrivning \nDel av en liten bildsten, 50 cm hög. Antingen en dvärgsten eller en kiststen från perioden 500-700 (typ B). Ingen dekor och eller bilder bevarade. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men bildstenen tillhör troligen perioden 500-700. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA "
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 295,
"property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "6581391"
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 296,
"property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "675775"
}
],
"@reverse": {
"ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2213",
"o:title": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve"
}
],
"ai2:modelVisualizes": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4680",
"o:title": "3D model for GP0148"
}
]
}
},
{
"@context": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context",
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2062",
"@type": [
"o:Item",
"dctype:PhysicalObject"
],
"o:id": 2062,
"o:is_public": true,
"o:owner": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1",
"o:id": 1
},
"o:resource_class": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32",
"o:id": 32
},
"o:resource_template": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2",
"o:id": 2
},
"o:thumbnail": null,
"o:title": "GP 15 Ardre kyrka I",
"thumbnail_display_urls": {
"large": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/883a0994612ead208916a483f2f792664bcb1712.jpg",
"medium": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/883a0994612ead208916a483f2f792664bcb1712.jpg",
"square": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/883a0994612ead208916a483f2f792664bcb1712.jpg"
},
"o:created": {
"@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:07+00:00",
"@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime"
},
"o:modified": {
"@value": "2025-10-23T14:30:51+00:00",
"@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime"
},
"o:primary_media": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4111",
"o:id": 4111
},
"o:media": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4111",
"o:id": 4111
}
],
"o:item_set": [],
"o:site": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2",
"o:id": 2
}
],
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{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 1,
"property_label": "Title",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "GP 15 Ardre kyrka I"
}
],
"dcterms:identifier": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 10,
"property_label": "Identifier",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "GP0015"
}
],
"ai2:urlLinks": [
{
"type": "uri",
"property_id": 316,
"property_label": "Links",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25",
"o:label": "ATA"
}
],
"ai2:findLocation": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 280,
"property_label": "Find Location",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Ardre church, under the floor of the nave."
}
],
"ai2:findLocationClassification": [
{
"type": "customvocab:7",
"property_id": 318,
"property_label": "Find Context Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Church"
}
],
"ai2:findLocationParish": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 293,
"property_label": "Parish Find Location",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Ardre"
}
],
"ai2:findingPlaceName": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 292,
"property_label": "Finding Place Name",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Ardre kyrka"
}
],
"ai2:findLocationContext": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 291,
"property_label": "Find Context",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Ardre Ka 1-8 återfanns i golvet i kyrkan vid renovering"
}
],
"ai2:grave": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 306,
"property_label": "Grave or Not",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "No"
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationClassification": [
{
"type": "customvocab:6",
"property_id": 332,
"property_label": "Present Location Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Historiska Museet"
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationName": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 314,
"property_label": "Present Location Name",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "SHM"
}
],
"ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "This stone is one of four slabs in an open cist with a coherent runic inscription, the Ardre cist, consisting of Ardre kyrka I, II, V, and VI (GP 15–18). See more about the find circumstances and interpretations of the cist monument in GP 17 Ardre V. In Gotlands runinskrifter I, the four stones in the cist are treated together as G 114. The stones are parts of an assemblage of a total of eight picture stones found in the summer 1900, beneath the floor in the nave of Ardre church during restoration work: Ardre kyrka I–VIII (GP 15–18, 20–21, 23). The stone lay together with other stones in a layer of humus inside a square formed by the remains of the north and south foundation walls of an older stone church, as well as an east-west wall and a row of limestone. Covered by soil. The top fragment was located south of the large picture stone in the centre of the square, with brushwood.\n\nLKÅ / CL"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2063",
"value_resource_id": 2063,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2063",
"display_title": "GP 16 Ardre kyrka II",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/53bc3e295f23015eb55c0e1c0f9775a1be226dae.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0016.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2064",
"value_resource_id": 2064,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2064",
"display_title": "GP 17 Ardre kyrka V",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/8da81547e9810098f74b00d4843f3db4c784b657.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0017.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2065",
"value_resource_id": 2065,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2065",
"display_title": "GP 18 Ardre kyrka VI",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7c26c13dd3c7dc94bae96570012d632367511a79.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0018.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2067",
"value_resource_id": 2067,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2067",
"display_title": "GP 20 Ardre kyrka VII",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d1d30f6ed5ad74a98fb3fa5229b9235f270004e5.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0020O.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068",
"value_resource_id": 2068,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2068",
"display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2070",
"value_resource_id": 2070,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2070",
"display_title": "GP 23 Ardre kyrka IV",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/519e9de4d3f51bbb6cccecdfccb2f0c96b25e1d1.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0023O.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
}
],
"ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 283,
"property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Sandstone slab, about 4–5 cm thick. Two fragments. The largest preserved height is 0.72 m (at the left edge of the upper fragment), the edge to the right is 0.6 m high, the largest preserved width (of the lower fragment) is 0.37 m. The two fragments had been placed in different positions under the church floor: the large fragment (Ib) at the middle of the crossing eastern wall, directly above (east) of the large picture stone GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII, and the small fragment (Ia) on the south side, to the west of GP 17 Ardre kyrka V. The other parts of the slab were probably lost when the new church was built. The two fragments fit well together (GR I, p. 211). The height between the lower edge of the decoration and the top of the small ledge close to the upper right corner is 0.39 m. The original width after the reconstruction is about 0.48 m between the corner protrusions, 0.55 m at the lower edge of the decoration (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 19f.). \n\nThe obverse is abraded by footsteps and appears to be formed by a natural, slightly curved split surface, polished but not planed. In contrast, the narrow sides have been hewn flat at right angles towards the broad sides, the upper edge also levelled, while the vertical edge still retains clear traces of chiselling work. The background around the figures in the field and the bases of the runes connected with it generally are carved 3–5 mm deep and polished smooth; they are defined by almost vertical edges. A portion of the dots in the inscription and in the figures have been executed with a drill or chisel with a size of about 5 mm. Fine lines, such as those defining the fingers of a hand, are very shallow furrows (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 19f.). Elias Wessén judges that about 28–30 runes in the first half of the inscription are missing on this gable slab (GR I, p. 212). \nLKÅ"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 283,
"property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068",
"value_resource_id": 2068,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2068",
"display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 283,
"property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition",
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 284,
"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
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"@value": "Lindqvist describes the pictures as follows: “At the very bottom, a man with a sword attached to his hip in a horizontal position without a suspension device visible; he is astride on a horse that has four forelegs and four hind legs. The horseman appears to hold one arm diagonally downwards and forwards, presumably holding the reins; the other arm describes a curious arch from the shoulder backwards and downwards and under the rump, from which it re-emerges in front of the chest, where it intersects with the straight arm. Behind this man’s torso is another man with a sword that is carried in a horizontal position in the same manner; with one hand he holds a spear behind his back, and with the other hand, he raises the rim of a horn to his mouth. Above and near the horn is the lower part of the body of a man, drawn in a horizontal, outstretched position and thus naively regarded as being in a reclining posture. One of his arms describes the same curious curve as one of the horseman’s arms. Above this is another reclining man, whose lumbar region has been hit by a spear, which is, however, completely visible up to its point. The spear is held by the two hands of a fifth man, who clearly is standing upright and whose body is not preserved on the fragment” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 20). \nLKÅ"
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
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"@value": "The eight-legged horse is by all probability Sleipnir with a warrior, who carries a sword by his side. There are riders on eight-legged horses on at least two other picture stones, GP 21 Ardre kyrka 8 and GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide 1. That Sleipnir had eight legs is mentioned in Gylfaginning and in the Hervarar saga (Böttger-Niedenzu 1982, p. 35). Erik Brate emphasized that the stones are Christian and therefore suggested that the eight-legged horse is not Sleipnir but perhaps a naïve rendering of a running horse, or possibly just an ornamental whim (Brate 1902; cf. GR I, p. 220). Jörn Staecker thought that the stones GP 15 Ardre kyrka 1 and GP 16 Ardre kyrka 2 showed motifs from the Volsunga saga (Staecker 2004, p. 68f.). Thorgunn Snædal sees the rider as warrior riding into Valhalla, still carrying his sword and with a small bag on his back. Above him there is a fully equipped warrior with spear and sword, taking a refreshing sip from his mead horn. Around them, the usual Valhalla fighting goes on, and as Snædal says with a certain ironic touch to it, there is ‘a certain calmness over this scene of a usual morning in Valhalla’ (Snædal 2004, p. 57f., translation by the author; 2010). Sigmund Oehrl suggests as an interpretation of the cist monument as a whole that the 11th-century carver was inspired by his heathen predecessors and transmitted the eschatological motif of GP 21 Ardre kyrka 8 to a Christian context (Oehrl 2019, pp. 59f.). At the very top of the battle scene is a reclining male figure with outstretched arms. He seems to be lying on his stomach but turns his head and looks up. Oehrl suggests that this unnatural contortion is a cipher that conveys important pictorial content. His opponent, of whom only his hands can be seen, rams a spear into his body. Among the fallen is the lower part of another reclining, apparently slain warrior. He too seems to be lying on his stomach. Next to this figure is an upright warrior with a chin beard, sword, spear and horn. At the bottom of the screen, a rider is depicted dislocating one of his arms in a similar manner as the fallen fighter above him. The left arm is guided behind the back and past the right side. In front of the rider's body, the arm reappears, is slightly directed upwards and crosses the downward-facing right arm of the figure. The rider's horse has two pairs of legs, both at the front and at the back, which are braided cross-shaped into each other (Oehrl 2011, pp. 212f.). The dead fighter, lying on his stomach above the rider, is characterized by a special, unnatural arm position. This contortion, which gives the impression of obstruction, immobility or inability to act, is interpreted by Oehrl as a pictorial figure that illustrates defeat and death. Comparable defeat ciphers, which consist in the representation of unnatural postures and contortions, appear on the baptismal font of Carlisle and the gold bracteate of Söderby (IK 583, Fig. 263). The crossed wrists of the rider can also indicate banishment and defeat (Oehrl 2011, p. 216). \n\nThe drilled separation marks and drilled holes on some of the branches of the runes are a characteristic Gotland feature (see eg. GP 355 Sjonhem kyrka I and GP 361 Stenkumla kyrka I). The stones in the Ardre cist were 3D-scanned in 2007 as part of a research project at Stockholm University (Kitzler Åhfeldt 2013). The cist is included in a study comparing the carving techniques of rune carvers on Gotland and the Swedish mainland, respectively (Kitzler Åhfeldt 2019, see GP 17 Ardre kyrka V). \nLKÅ"
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"display_title": "GP 16 Ardre kyrka II",
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"thumbnail_title": "GP0016.jpg",
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"@value": "Type E, cist stone. The slab is a part of the Ardre cist, of which other parts have runic ornament in style group Pr4, c. 1070–1100 (Gräslund 2006, p. 126). Brate, Pipping and Noreen agree with a dating around the middle of the 11th century, while von Friesen indicated that it cannot be older than 1040–50, but possibly some decades younger (GR I, p. 220). Snædal includes the stone in her Ardre group, sepulchral monuments in the form of picture stones with edge-following runic inscriptions and pictorial elements in the middle (Snædal 2002, p. 67). Snædal means that, based on runological criteria, the runic picture stones from Ardre can be dated to 1100–1130 (Snædal 2002, p. 99f.). \nLKÅ"
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"property_label": "Runic Inscription",
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"@value": "The inscription G 114 includes four stones, the reading order of which has been established as Ardre kyrka V, I, VI, II (GP 17, 15, 18, 16). \n\nInscription on this stone: \n§B …(s) : auk : kaiʀuataʀ : auk : liknuiaʀ : \n\nThe complete inscription G 114: \n§A : syniʀ : likna(t)(a)- … …(a)rua : merki : kut : ebtir : ailikni : kunu : koþa : moþur : \n§B …(s) : auk : kaiʀuataʀ : auk : liknuiaʀ : \n§C : kuþ a-… … …(n) : heni : auk : kieruantum : merki : m-… …ua : aʀ : men : sin : \n§D …(ʀ) : i : karþum : aʀ : uaʀ : ui(u)(e) meʀ :: (h)… \n\nOld West Norse\n§A Synir Líknhvata[r] … [g]erva merki gott eptir Eilíkni, konu góða, móður §B … ok Geirhvatar ok Líknvéar. §C Guð o[k](?) … [náði](?) henni ok gervǫndum merki … … er menn sé §D … í Gǫrðum/Garde, er var Vivi(?) með … \n\nRunic Swedish \n§A Syniʀ Liknhvata[ʀ] … [g]ærva mærki gott æftiʀ Æilikni, konu goða, moður §B … ok Gæiʀhvataʀ ok Liknviaʀ. §C Guð o[k](?) … [naði]n(?) hænni ok gærvandum mærki … … eʀ mænn sen §D … i Garðum/Garde, eʀ vaʀ Vivi(?) meðr … \n\nEnglish\n§A The sons of Líknhvatr … the good landmark made in memory of Eilíkn, a good wife, mother … §B and Geirhvatr and Líknvé. §C God … be gracious to her and those making the landmark … who men §D … in Garðir/Garde, he was with Vivi(?) … \n\nSwedish\nLiknats söner [lät göra] ett gott minnesmärke efter Ailikn, en god kvinna, moder [till Aivat och Ottar] och Gairvat och Liknvi. Gud [och Guds moder vare nådig] mot henne och mot dem som göra minnesvården, (den största) som man kan se … i Garda, som var hos Viv(?) … \n\nQuote from Runor"
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"@value": "GP 16 Ardre kyrka II"
}
],
"dcterms:identifier": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 10,
"property_label": "Identifier",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "GP0016"
}
],
"ai2:urlLinks": [
{
"type": "uri",
"property_id": 316,
"property_label": "Links",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25",
"o:label": "ATA"
}
],
"ai2:findLocation": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 280,
"property_label": "Find Location",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Ardre church, in the floor. "
}
],
"ai2:findLocationClassification": [
{
"type": "customvocab:7",
"property_id": 318,
"property_label": "Find Context Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Church"
}
],
"ai2:findLocationParish": [
{
"type": "literal",
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"property_label": "Parish Find Location",
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"@value": "Ardre"
}
],
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"type": "literal",
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"@value": "Ardre kyrka"
}
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{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 291,
"property_label": "Find Context",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Ardre Ka 1-8 återfanns i golvet i kyrkan vid renovering"
}
],
"ai2:grave": [
{
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"@value": "No"
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],
"ai2:presentLocationClassification": [
{
"type": "customvocab:6",
"property_id": 332,
"property_label": "Present Location Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Historiska Museet"
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationName": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 314,
"property_label": "Present Location Name",
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"@value": "SHM"
}
],
"ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [
{
"type": "literal",
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"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
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"@value": "This stone is one of four slabs in an open cist with a coherent runic inscription, the Ardre cist, consisting of Ardre kyrka I, II, V, and VI (GP 15–18). See more about the find circumstances and interpretations of the cist monument in GP 17 Ardre V. In Gotlands runinskrifter I, the four stones in the cist are treated together as G 114. The stones are parts of an assemblage of a total of eight picture stones found in the summer 1900, beneath the floor in Ardre church during restoration work: Ardre kyrka I–VIII (GP 15–18, 20-21, 23). \nLKÅ"
},
{
"type": "resource",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2062",
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"value_resource_name": "items",
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"display_title": "GP 15 Ardre kyrka I",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/883a0994612ead208916a483f2f792664bcb1712.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0015.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
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{
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"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2064",
"value_resource_id": 2064,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2064",
"display_title": "GP 17 Ardre kyrka V",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/8da81547e9810098f74b00d4843f3db4c784b657.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0017.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
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{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2065",
"value_resource_id": 2065,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2065",
"display_title": "GP 18 Ardre kyrka VI",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7c26c13dd3c7dc94bae96570012d632367511a79.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0018.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
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{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2067",
"value_resource_id": 2067,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2067",
"display_title": "GP 20 Ardre kyrka VII",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d1d30f6ed5ad74a98fb3fa5229b9235f270004e5.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0020O.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2068",
"value_resource_id": 2068,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2068",
"display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/559bf4735a777ba206c0713bc3a7018d9174aacf.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2070",
"value_resource_id": 2070,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2070",
"display_title": "GP 23 Ardre kyrka IV",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/519e9de4d3f51bbb6cccecdfccb2f0c96b25e1d1.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0023O.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
}
],
"ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 283,
"property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Sandstone slab, c. 3–4 cm thick. Two fragments that fit together, constituting the right part of a cist stone. The height of the preserved part of the vertical border is 0.38 m, the original height probably was 0.72 m. The largest width is 0.30 m. The height of the runes is 4–5 cm. The stone has probably had the same shape and size as GP 15 Ardre kyrka I, although the thickness of 3–4 cm is a little less than for I. These fragments are identical also in regard of the manner of the decoration’s execution (GR I, p. 212; Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 20). \nLKÅ"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 283,
"property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2062",
"value_resource_id": 2062,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2062",
"display_title": "GP 15 Ardre kyrka I",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/883a0994612ead208916a483f2f792664bcb1712.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0015.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
}
],
"ai2:dimensionsHeight": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 298,
"property_label": "Height",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "38"
}
],
"ai2:dimensionsWidth": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 299,
"property_label": "Width",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "30"
}
],
"ai2:dimensionsThickness": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 300,
"property_label": "Thickness",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "4"
}
],
"ai2:material": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 301,
"property_label": "Material",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Sandstone"
}
],
"ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 284,
"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "The imagery is described by Lindqvist as follows: “At the very top, among other motifs, an animal’s foot of about the same form as, but more elongated than that seen to the extreme right in the panel of Ardre kyrka V [= GP 17]. Below that is a man walking to the left and holding a battle axe behind his back. In front of him (flees?) another, unarmed man. Below him, there are two men with their upper bodies strongly bent forwards; both men’s arms are extended in front. The right one, who – at least apparently – is carrying the axe-wielding man on his back, seems to reach for the upper end of a staff or the shaft of some weapon or similar object with his only partly visible hand. In front of him can be seen the upper part of an object that strangely resembles a cone tapering towards its top” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 20). \nLKÅ"
}
],
"ai2:interpretations": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Lindqvist suggests that all four men possibly are part of the same scene, insofar as they in different ways pay reverence to a sacred image that may have existed in the lost half of the stone (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 20). Thorgunn Snædal, on the other hand, describes the scene as a fierce fight, where a man armed with a broadaxe surrounded by two men with helmets chase another man, who is fleeing for his life with his arms spread (Snædal 2004, p. 57). This stone is part of a monument with four slabs, with the inscription on this stone making up the final part in a coherent sequence, i.e., the runic inscription G 114. It is reasonable to believe that the images are related to the other slabs and the monument as a whole, where GP 17 Ardre kyrka V shows two runic beasts bound by a palmette knot, symbolizing the tree of life, and the images on GP 18 Ardre kyrka VI can be interpreted as a vision of hell (Karlsson 1983, pp. 66, 110; Oehrl 2019, pp. 58f.). The scene on this stone may therefore be a part that fits into an eschatological scheme. \n\nThe stones in the Ardre cist were 3D-scanned in 2007 as part of a research project at Stockholm University (Kitzler Åhfeldt 2013). The cist is included in a study comparing the carving techniques of rune carvers on Gotland and the Swedish mainland, respectively (Kitzler Åhfeldt 2019, see GP 17 Ardre kyrka V). \nLKÅ"
},
{
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"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2064",
"value_resource_id": 2064,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2064",
"display_title": "GP 17 Ardre kyrka V",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/8da81547e9810098f74b00d4843f3db4c784b657.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0017.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
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"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2065",
"value_resource_id": 2065,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2065",
"display_title": "GP 18 Ardre kyrka VI",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7c26c13dd3c7dc94bae96570012d632367511a79.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0018.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
}
],
"ai2:typeAndDating": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Type E, cist stone. The stone is a part of the Ardre cist, of which other slabs have runic ornament in style Pr4, indicating a date 1070–1100 (Gräslund 2006, p. 126). Brate, Pipping and Noreen agree with a dating around the middle of the 11th century, while von Friesen indicated that it cannot be older than 1040–50, but possibly some decades younger (GR I, p. 220). Snædal includes the stone in her Ardre group, sepulchral monuments in the form of picture stones with runic inscriptions placed along the edge and pictorial elements in the middle (Snædal 2002, p. 67). Snædal incidates that based on runological criteria the runic picture stones from Ardre can be dated to 1100–1130 (Snædal 2002, pp. 99f.). \nLKÅ"
}
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"ai2:shapeLindqvist": [
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"type": "customvocab:3",
"property_id": 305,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Shape",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Cist stone"
}
],
"ai2:typeLindqvist": [
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"property_label": "Lindqvist Type",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "E (ca. 1000-1150)"
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],
"ai2:typeLindqvistNote": [
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"property_label": "Lindqvist Type Note",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Kiststen"
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"ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [
{
"type": "customvocab:5",
"property_id": 317,
"property_label": "Runic Inscription or not",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Yes"
}
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"ai2:runicInscription": [
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"property_label": "Runic Inscription",
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"@value": "The inscription G 114 includes four stones, the reading order of which has been established as Ardre kyrka V, I, VI, II (GP 17, 15, 18, 16).
\n\n
\n\nInscription on this stone:
\n\n§D …(ʀ) : i : karþum : aʀ : uaʀ : ui(u)(e) meʀ :: (h)…
\n\n
\n\nThe complete inscription G 114:
\n\n§A : syniʀ : likna(t)(a)- … …(a)rua : merki : kut : ebtir : ailikni : kunu : koþa : moþur :
\n\n§B …(s) : auk : kaiʀuataʀ : auk : liknuiaʀ :
\n\n§C : kuþ a-… … …(n) : heni : auk : kieruantum : merki : m-… …ua : aʀ : men : sin :
\n\n§D …(ʀ) : i : karþum : aʀ : uaʀ : ui(u)(e) meʀ :: (h)…
\n\n
\n\nOld West Norse
\n\n§A Synir Líknhvata[r] … [g]erva merki gott eptir Eilíkni, konu góða, móður §B … ok Geirhvatar ok Líknvéar. §C Guð o[k](?) … [náði](?) henni ok gervǫndum merki … … er menn sé §D … í Gǫrðum/Garde, er var Vivi(?) með …
\n\n
\n\nRunic Swedish
\n\n§A Syniʀ Liknhvata[ʀ] … [g]ærva mærki gott æftiʀ Æilikni, konu goða, moður §B … ok Gæiʀhvataʀ ok Liknviaʀ. §C Guð o[k](?) … [naði]n(?) hænni ok gærvandum mærki … … eʀ mænn sen §D … i Garðum/Garde, eʀ vaʀ Vivi(?) meðr …
\n\n
\n\nEnglish
\n\n§A The sons of Líknhvatr … the good landmark made in memory of Eilíkn, a good wife, mother … §B and Geirhvatr and Líknvé. §C God … be gracious to her and those making the landmark … who men §D … in Garðir/Garde, he was with Vivi(?) …
\n\n
\n\nSwedish
\n\nLiknats söner [lät göra] ett gott minnesmärke efter Ailikn, en god kvinna, moder [till Aivat och Ottar] och Gairvat och Liknvi. Gud [och Guds moder vare nådig] mot henne och mot dem som göra minnesvården, (den största) som man kan se … i Garda, som var hos Viv(?) …
\n\n
\n\nQuote from Runor
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"url": "/s/index/item/2064",
"display_title": "GP 17 Ardre kyrka V",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/8da81547e9810098f74b00d4843f3db4c784b657.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0017.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
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"property_label": "Runic Inscription",
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"value_resource_id": 2062,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2062",
"display_title": "GP 15 Ardre kyrka I",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/883a0994612ead208916a483f2f792664bcb1712.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0015.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
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"property_id": 286,
"property_label": "Runic Inscription",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2065",
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"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2065",
"display_title": "GP 18 Ardre kyrka VI",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7c26c13dd3c7dc94bae96570012d632367511a79.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0018.jpg",
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"property_id": 288,
"property_label": "References",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Pipping 1900; 1901; Brate 1902; Noreen 1904, p. 482; Holmqvist 1973, p. 398; Lindqvist 1941/42, Fig. 162, 167, 224–225, II, pp. 20. Snædal 2002, pp. 73f. "
}
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"property_id": 328,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Title",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Ardre, Kirche II"
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"property_label": "3D model",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4550",
"value_resource_id": 4550,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/4550",
"display_title": "3D model for GP0016",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0016_RGB.nxz",
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"property_id": 308,
"property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID",
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"@value": "12b"
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"property_id": 311,
"property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID",
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"@value": "11118:II"
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"property_id": 309,
"property_label": "Runverket ID",
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"property_id": 289,
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"@value": "6365669"
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"@value": "722219"
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"@value": "675775"
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"property_id": 349,
"property_label": "Path to download",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgBIph9hylQZTb8-zbUWcbjxAb2dMaISzlb-ZwKoPW4yKqo?e=ayOjSt"
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"property_label": "Last Inspected",
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"@value": "31.03.2023 (Cecilia Ljung)"
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"ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2062",
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2064",
"o:title": "GP 17 Ardre kyrka V"
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2065",
"o:title": "GP 18 Ardre kyrka VI"
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2067",
"o:title": "GP 20 Ardre kyrka VII"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2069",
"o:title": "GP 22 Ardre kyrka III"
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{
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"o:title": "GP 23 Ardre kyrka IV"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2160",
"o:title": "GP 113 Grötlingbo kyrka"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2386",
"o:title": "GP 341 Sanda kyrka I"
}
],
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2062",
"o:title": "GP 15 Ardre kyrka I"
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2064",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2065",
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],
"ai2:runicContextComments": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2069",
"o:title": "GP 22 Ardre kyrka III"
}
],
"ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2247",
"o:title": "GP 201 Hemse Annexhemman I"
}
],
"ai2:modelVisualizes": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4550",
"o:title": "3D model for GP0016"
}
]
},
"o-module-mapping:marker": [
{
"@context": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context",
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/40",
"@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker",
"o:id": 40,
"o:item": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2063",
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},
"o:media": null,
"o-module-mapping:lat": 57.37946550998916,
"o-module-mapping:lng": 18.696825408134487,
"o-module-mapping:label": null
}
]
},
{
"@context": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context",
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2213",
"@type": [
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"dctype:PhysicalObject"
],
"o:id": 2213,
"o:is_public": true,
"o:owner": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1",
"o:id": 1
},
"o:resource_class": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32",
"o:id": 32
},
"o:resource_template": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2",
"o:id": 2
},
"o:thumbnail": null,
"o:title": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve",
"thumbnail_display_urls": {
"large": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/b9d648ab66b7c060cb051a106eb164234b7a14a2.jpg",
"medium": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/b9d648ab66b7c060cb051a106eb164234b7a14a2.jpg",
"square": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b9d648ab66b7c060cb051a106eb164234b7a14a2.jpg"
},
"o:created": {
"@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:11+00:00",
"@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime"
},
"o:modified": {
"@value": "2026-04-23T09:28:56+00:00",
"@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime"
},
"o:primary_media": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4216",
"o:id": 4216
},
"o:media": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4216",
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}
],
"o:item_set": [],
"o:site": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2",
"o:id": 2
}
],
"dcterms:title": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 1,
"property_label": "Title",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve"
}
],
"dcterms:identifier": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 10,
"property_label": "Identifier",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "GP0167"
}
],
"ai2:urlLinks": [
{
"type": "uri",
"property_id": 316,
"property_label": "Links",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25",
"o:label": "ATA"
}
],
"ai2:ksamsok": [
{
"type": "uri",
"property_id": 346,
"property_label": "K-Samsök",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/uu/srdb/945becdc-5bb5-4b73-a897-61e9c699c91e",
"o:label": "K-Samsök"
}
],
"ai2:findLocation": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 280,
"property_label": "Find Location",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "In the meadow Krämpar, 500 m north of Unsarve."
}
],
"ai2:findLocationClassification": [
{
"type": "customvocab:7",
"property_id": 318,
"property_label": "Find Context Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Agricultural Field"
}
],
"ai2:findLocationParish": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 293,
"property_label": "Parish Find Location",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Halla"
}
],
"ai2:findingPlaceName": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 292,
"property_label": "Finding Place Name",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Halla Unsarve"
}
],
"ai2:findLocationContext": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 291,
"property_label": "Find Context",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Anges som funnen i Dalhem på ängen Kämpar som tidigare tillhörde Granskog i Dalhem"
}
],
"ai2:grave": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 306,
"property_label": "Grave or Not",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "No"
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationClassification": [
{
"type": "customvocab:6",
"property_id": 332,
"property_label": "Present Location Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Gotlands Museum Fornsalen"
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationName": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 314,
"property_label": "Present Location Name",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Bildstenshallen"
}
],
"ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "The stone was found in the 1870’s by the farmer P. A. Hellgren when he cultivated a meadow called Krämpar, which earlier had belonged to Granskogs in Halla. Slitegårds, which probably is referred to in the runic inscription and is located just north of Granskogs. Unsarve and Granskogs are neighbouring farms on each side of the border between the parishes Halla and Dalhem. The meadow Krämpar is situated 500 m north of Unsarve, to the west of the road between Dalhem and Kräklingbo. The name Krämpar is not in use any longer, but Elisabeth Svärdström tells in Gotlands runinskrifter II that an old man remembered that the name was use in his youth for some poor soils in that area. The fragment earlier belonged to the collections of Visby högre allmänna läroverk (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 67; GR II, pp. 10–11). There is a drawing by Olof Sörling dated 1913–14, complemented with handwritten notes (by another hand?) about the runes, as well as photos from 1920 by Sune Lindqvist, from 1922 by John W. Hamner and from 1933 by Harald Faith-Ell. On the two latter, we see the carving filled in with white colour (Run- och bildstenssamlingen, ATA). \n\nHalla parish has no fewer than 29 known picture stones, covering all types from A–E (GP 142–170). At Unsarve, there is a prehistoric grave field with round stone settings, some of them with spherical grave markers, and remains of prehistoric and/or medieval settlement (Fornsök). \nLKÅ"
},
{
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2188",
"value_resource_id": 2188,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2188",
"display_title": "GP 142 Halla Broa VII",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/36dee40d0be3bf69d7d02ddeae65e03af68ad958.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0142.jpg",
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{
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2189",
"value_resource_id": 2189,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2189",
"display_title": "GP 143 Halla Broa I",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1b8f8b764541b077e9d0c46f0f59d21fa731d786.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0143.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
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{
"type": "resource",
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"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2190",
"value_resource_id": 2190,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2190",
"display_title": "GP 144 Halla Broa V",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ca211887faad2444d4e2935a657ba14141c5696a.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0144.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2191",
"value_resource_id": 2191,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2191",
"display_title": "GP 145 Halla Broa VI",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ef70a54a3f72a598d697b65669ed660577418999.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0145.jpg",
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},
{
"type": "resource",
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"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2192",
"value_resource_id": 2192,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2192",
"display_title": "GP 146 Halla Broa VIII",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1c2d6985a0e89859db9e80115e113cfcc5fd5b63.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0146.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2193",
"value_resource_id": 2193,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2193",
"display_title": "GP 147 Halla Broa X",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/53cfc4d8698777ec3d91c1549a1521117e1fc216.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0147.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2194",
"value_resource_id": 2194,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2194",
"display_title": "GP 148 Halla Broa XIX",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/2dc2cfa410b3847b029eeadad9729f92f38da57f.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0148.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2195",
"value_resource_id": 2195,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2195",
"display_title": "GP 149 Halla Broa IX",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/dee08f2d52773427a99fc66c4cb90a4a0c103ccc.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0149.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2196",
"value_resource_id": 2196,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2196",
"display_title": "GP 150 Halla Broa XVI",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/8bb5ab1fc0ac61f6dfc7a95ab3642d6c160035c1.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0150.jpg",
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},
{
"type": "resource",
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"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2197",
"value_resource_id": 2197,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2197",
"display_title": "GP 151 Halla Broa XX",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a1939cabca0d99275e05c70d5db01293431f3456.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0151.jpg",
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},
{
"type": "resource",
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"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2198",
"value_resource_id": 2198,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2198",
"display_title": "GP 152 Halla Hallegårda",
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},
{
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"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2199",
"value_resource_id": 2199,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2199",
"display_title": "GP 153 Halla kyrka 2",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/93694727835001faee7d72ee40f0f95814cf7323.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0153.jpg",
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},
{
"type": "resource",
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"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2200",
"value_resource_id": 2200,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2200",
"display_title": "GP 154 Halla Broa 21",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/40ae39b5a4e999bd1f9f50b239fbfaf889afa046.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0154.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2201",
"value_resource_id": 2201,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2201",
"display_title": "GP0155",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/aff9d7fc020ed0bc2c1c74b7e1fd2f94efc2b538.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0155.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2202",
"value_resource_id": 2202,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2202",
"display_title": "GP 156 Halla Broa XI",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/acc03b9d2d5cfd6d35d05a2697e1db5a46b2dbca.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0156.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2203",
"value_resource_id": 2203,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2203",
"display_title": "GP 157 Halla Broa XII",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/2a2a3b0676159c85227020dfa144446840dee510.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0157.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2204",
"value_resource_id": 2204,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2204",
"display_title": "GP 158 Halla Broa XIV"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2205",
"value_resource_id": 2205,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2205",
"display_title": "GP 159 Halla kyrka (I)",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7a5a1f21d7510e71f7d6af6d457c46c16d3d03d7.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0159.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2206",
"value_resource_id": 2206,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2206",
"display_title": "GP 160 Halla Broa II",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7cb06f8f4cc38342dc9d0924e2829c3645a86732.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0160.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2207",
"value_resource_id": 2207,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2207",
"display_title": "GP 161 Halla Broa III",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0a4b22bb8da6bb7d59b33ea8abd309a6e3b47ccb.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0161.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2208",
"value_resource_id": 2208,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2208",
"display_title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/a1bbec5d51ba0e734796179599db95712073b49d.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0162.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2209",
"value_resource_id": 2209,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2209",
"display_title": "GP 163 Halla Broa XIII",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7773650c33496572c3dfc4d49c53a09c436707e4.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0163.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2210",
"value_resource_id": 2210,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2210",
"display_title": "GP 164 Halla Broa XV",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/953efbdbf35e8863ce7bf6b1bfe71a05572c1e5d.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0164.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2211",
"value_resource_id": 2211,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2211",
"display_title": "GP 165 Halla Broa XVII",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/6cfb6a1cb1b3bf057cb5b3b11772938897010fa4.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0165.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2212",
"value_resource_id": 2212,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2212",
"display_title": "GP 166 Halla Broa XVIII",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0627581127eb7c471425fa052a36ffb6dab32275.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0166.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2214",
"value_resource_id": 2214,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2214",
"display_title": "GP 168 Halla kyrka 3"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2215",
"value_resource_id": 2215,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2215",
"display_title": "GP 169 Halla kyrka 4",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/3f4a27fae2fe24f46df1286f55a351094e95b89e.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0169.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2216",
"value_resource_id": 2216,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2216",
"display_title": "GP 170 Halla kyrka 5",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f751f5783f8dc1a45b773019f59db2f6e2027116.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0170.jpg",
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}
],
"ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 283,
"property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Yellowish-grey limestone. Fragment, height 0.34 m, width 0.40 m (the original width c. 0.50 m), thickness 0.09–0.12 m. The height of the runes is 5 cm. The fragment is the top of a small cist stone (GR II, p. 10). The obverse is hewn flat and polished, the other broad side also worked, albeit less completely. The narrow sides are dressed along their full width, crosswise slightly convex. The distance between the tip and the horizontal line below the animal is 29 cm. Decorated with 3-mm wide lines that generally have rounded bases. No drill was used (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 67). \nLKÅ"
}
],
"ai2:dimensionsHeight": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 298,
"property_label": "Height",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "34"
}
],
"ai2:dimensionsWidth": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 299,
"property_label": "Width",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "40"
}
],
"ai2:dimensionsThickness": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 300,
"property_label": "Thickness",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "12"
}
],
"ai2:material": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 301,
"property_label": "Material",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Limestone"
}
],
"ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 284,
"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "The front has a rune band along the edge. In the field inside the band, there is a backwards-looking four-footed runic animal in runestone style above a horizontal border (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 67; GR II, p. 10). \nLKÅ"
}
],
"ai2:interpretations": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "The picture stone has been interpreted as a cist stone. At the time of writing Gotlands Bildsteine, Sune Lindqvist regarded the cist stones as memorials for women (Lindqvist 1941–42 I, p. 59), but later he turned to regard them as cists for votive offerings and suggested that the cist stones might show events in the neighbourhood (Lindqvist 1964, p. 82). Lindqvist mentions our stone from Halla Unsarve in relation to, e.g., GP 341 Sanda kyrka I and GP 201 Hemse Annexhemman I (Lindqvist 1964, p. 76). The relation between cist stones and women has later been further investigated in light of wagon graves, and it has been suggested that there may be a connection between the shape of the wagon basket and the shape of the cist stones (Snædal 2004, p. 60; 2010, p. 446; see GP 360 Sproge). More recently, it has been suggested that the small E-stones are churchyard monuments, analogous to early Christian grave monuments on Öland. This is supported by their size, the carvings that often are in relief and the find circumstances (GR I, pp. 49–50; Ljung 2016 I, p. 165–166). \n\nThe Unsarve stone is decorated with a backwards-looking four-footed animal. On Gotland, backwards-looking four-footed animals appear on the cist stones from Buttle Änge (GP 57, 59, 60). The backwards-looking animal is a common motif on Iron age and Viking age metal art as well, and can be seen for example on bracteates, fibulae and pendants (as examples of the latter, we might mention the pendants from Bringetofta, Jönköpings län (Jönköpings läns museum, inv.nr JM.16887:25) and Tuna in Alsike parish in Uppland (SHM 9404)). Four-footed animals appear on a large number of runestones, about a hundred. In the 11th century, we find the particular backwards-looking variant in Urnes style for example on some runestones in Uppland (U 428, U 449, U 955, U 980 and U Fv1955; 219), where we also find the best parallels to the Unsarve stone in some stones carved by the well-known rune-carver Fot. The backwards-looking four-footed animal can also be found on runestones in Närke (Nä 34), Hälsingland (Hs 14) and Öland (Öl Fv1911;274B). In a runestone context, the four-footed runic animal variously has been interpreted as a dragon, lion (e.g., Fuglesang 1980, p. 176; 2001, p. 169, p. 173; NIyR 1, p. 163) or wolf (e.g. Källström 2016, p. 269; 2021, p. 48–49; for a summary of earlier interpretations, see Oehrl 2011, pp. 48ff.). Sigmund Oehrl has discussed the motif in the light of illustrations in medieval Continental manuscripts and finds it likely that the four-footed animal in many cases probably signifies the Fenris wolf, as a symbol of demon powers, Ragnarök and the end of time – especially when appears in fetters (Oehrl 2006; 2011, pp. 289–293). \nLKÅ"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2386",
"value_resource_id": 2386,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2386",
"display_title": "GP 341 Sanda kyrka I",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b0a22f8bf7599dea66636e834db9b3016d8d9552.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0341.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
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{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2247",
"value_resource_id": 2247,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2247",
"display_title": "GP 201 Hemse Annexhemman I",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7e363a31b4af925aa183521b8d3f1ad193a83beb.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0201.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2405",
"value_resource_id": 2405,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2405",
"display_title": "GP 360 Sproge kyrka",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/daf4d47156a72e32bdf078696648ab1c10e553f7.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0360.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
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{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2104",
"value_resource_id": 2104,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2104",
"display_title": "GP0057",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f25bb3c806afe3fed447f5b94a07b9676ab483ac.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0057.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
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{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2106",
"value_resource_id": 2106,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2106",
"display_title": "GP0059",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d5d3d9f2fa1040a0a1d071a1db733c8d5fd3eff0.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0059.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
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{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2107",
"value_resource_id": 2107,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2107",
"display_title": "GP0060",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1eaffe934b815440afb88baf78a7c64ecad51328.jpg",
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"ai2:typeAndDating": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Type E, cist stone. Pr4, c. 1070–1100 AD (Gräslund 2006, p. 126).\nLKÅ"
}
],
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{
"type": "customvocab:3",
"property_id": 305,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Shape",
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"@value": "Cist stone"
}
],
"ai2:typeLindqvist": [
{
"type": "customvocab:2",
"property_id": 303,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Type",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "E (ca. 1000-1150)"
}
],
"ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [
{
"type": "customvocab:5",
"property_id": 317,
"property_label": "Runic Inscription or not",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Yes"
}
],
"ai2:runicInscription": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 286,
"property_label": "Runic Inscription",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "… (l)ikmuntaʀ : i slitaka--… …\n\nOld West Norse\n… Líknmundar í Slítagǫ[rðum]/Slitegårds …\n\nRunic Swedish\n… Liknmundaʀ i Slitaga[rðum]/Slitegårds …\n\nEnglish\n… of Líknmundr in Slítagardir/Slitegårds …\n\nSwedish\n… Likmunds i Slitegårds …\n\nQuote from Runor"
}
],
"ai2:runicContextComments": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 331,
"property_label": "Runic Context and Comments",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "The runic inscription was investigated by Otto von Friesen in 1922 and by Elias Wessén in 1944 (GR II, pp. 10–11). The name Líknmundr is only known from Gotland, where it is also found on a grave slab in Tofta church (G 198) and as a name of a farm, Likmunds, in Gerum parish. The site Slitegårds in Dalhem parish is situated a little less than 1 km north-west of Granskogs and equally far to the north-east of Unsarve (GR II, p. 11). \nLKÅ"
}
],
"ai2:references": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 288,
"property_label": "References",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, Fig. 173, II, p. 67–68, Fig. 401; 1964, p. 76; GR II, G 141; Snædal 2002, p. 76. "
}
],
"ai2:slID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 328,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Title",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Halla, Unsarve [Dalhem, Slitegårds]"
}
],
"ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 312,
"property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "GFC399"
}
],
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{
"type": "resource:item",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4699",
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"display_title": "3D model for GP0167",
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"thumbnail_title": "GP0167_RGB.nxz",
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"ai2:jpID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 308,
"property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "122"
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],
"ai2:runverketID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 309,
"property_label": "Runverket ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "G 141"
}
],
"ai2:summarySwedish": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 327,
"property_label": "Swedish Summary",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Fyndplats \nÄngen Krämpar, 500 m norr om Unsarve. \n\nNuvarande förvaringsplats \nGotlands museum, i Bildstenshallen. \n\nDatering \nSen vikingatid, ca 1070-1100 e.Kr. \n\nBeskrivning \nFragment av bildsten med runinskrift som troligen utgjort en del av ett gravmonument, möjligen en del av en kista. Längs övre kanten av stenen finns en runinskrift. Nedanför skriftbandet står ett bakåtblickande fyrfota djur i runstensstil. Bildfältet avgränsas nedtill av ett band. \n\nInskrift: … Likmunds i Slitegårds … \n\nTolkning \nKiststenar tolkades i äldre tid som offerkistor för votivgåvor. Det har också föreslagits att de har ett samband med kvinnogravar. Det är troligt att det är ett kyrkogårdsmonument, dvs en minnessten som skapats för att stå på kyrkogården. Bakåtblickande fyrfotadjur är ett motiv som förekommer även på metallkonst under yngre järnålder och vikingatid, t.ex. på hängen och fibulor. Vi ser det även på bildstenar (kiststenar) från Buttle Änge. Ett bakåtblickande fyrfotadjur i Urnesstil liknande den på stenen från Unsarve förekommer på flera runstenar i Uppland. Fyrfotadjuret på runstenar har tolkats som drake, lejon eller som en varg – närmare bestämt Fenrisulven. Som Fenrisulv kan motivet vara en symbol för onda makter, Ragnarök och tidens slut. \n\nNamnet Likmunds är bara känt från Gotland. Gården Slitegårds ligger ca 1 km norr om Unsarve. \n\nLKÅ"
}
],
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{
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"property_id": 295,
"property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "6393355"
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"ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 296,
"property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "696536"
}
],
"ai2:downloadPath": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 349,
"property_label": "Path to download",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgAfkhQzfK0KS5sNyKJZ53rYAUeY-_f98KR3igoE-0s6a_s?e=ruefnB"
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],
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"ai2:interpretations": [
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2064",
"o:title": "GP 17 Ardre kyrka V"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2065",
"o:title": "GP 18 Ardre kyrka VI"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2386",
"o:title": "GP 341 Sanda kyrka I"
}
],
"ai2:modelVisualizes": [
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4699",
"o:title": "3D model for GP0167"
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"o:title": "GP 17 Ardre kyrka V",
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"o:created": {
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"@value": "GP 17 Ardre kyrka V"
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 10,
"property_label": "Identifier",
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"@value": "GP0017"
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"ai2:urlLinks": [
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"type": "uri",
"property_id": 316,
"property_label": "Links",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25",
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"ai2:findLocation": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 280,
"property_label": "Find Location",
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"@value": "Ardre church, in the floor. "
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],
"ai2:findLocationClassification": [
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"type": "customvocab:7",
"property_id": 318,
"property_label": "Find Context Classification",
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"@value": "Church"
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"ai2:findLocationParish": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 293,
"property_label": "Parish Find Location",
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"@value": "Ardre"
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"ai2:findingPlaceName": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 292,
"property_label": "Finding Place Name",
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"@value": "Ardre kyrka"
}
],
"ai2:findLocationContext": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 291,
"property_label": "Find Context",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Ardre Ka 1-8 återfanns i golvet i kyrkan vid renovering"
}
],
"ai2:grave": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 306,
"property_label": "Grave or Not",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "No"
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"type": "customvocab:6",
"property_id": 332,
"property_label": "Present Location Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Historiska Museet"
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationName": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 314,
"property_label": "Present Location Name",
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"@value": "SHM"
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"@value": "This stone is one of four slabs in the same monument, the so-called Ardre cist, an open cist including the slabs Ardre kyrka I, II, V and VI (here GP 15-18). In Gotlands runinskrifter I, they have been treated together as G 114 (GR I, pp. 210–221). \n\nIn the summer of 1900, eight picture stones were found beneath the floor in Ardre church during restoration work (Ardre kyrka I–VIII, GP 15–18, 20, 21, 23). All these eight picture stones, only two of which are severely fragmented, were found during repairs in the centre part of the church’s nave after its former flooring had been removed. They lay between the foundations of the north and south walls in a part of the church that had been erected during the 11th or 12th century, but later had been torn down and extended in the 14th century. The picture stones all lay horizontally, more or less covered with soil, and in this position they probably formerly served, as indicated by heavy traces of abrasion, as part of the flooring of the older church. Hugo Pipping made a field drawing of how the stones had been situated: the large picture stone GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII in the middle, and the other stones were placed around it (drawing in ATA). \n\nPipping visited the church on June 25, 1900, and returned later the same summer and again from October 17th to 19th to complete his drawings (Pipping 1900; 1901, pp. 3f.; Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 18). During his second visit, together with Oskar Wennersten in the summer of 1900, the stones were placed in a shed to protect them from falling plaster and stones (Pipping 1900). The scaffolding inside the church was removed on October 18th and Pipping together with Wennersten, some farmers and the teacher Engström searched the floor. On October 19th, Wennersten found a piece of GP 15 Ardre kyrka I (the fragment 5b on Pipping’s field drawing) and the patron Olsson from Petsarve found stone GP 23 Ardre kyrka IV (nr 7 on Pipping’s drawing). \n\nIn his final remarks in the report, Pipping pays attention to the fact that all stones with inscriptions on one face only had been placed with the inscription exposed upwards, while the stone with inscriptions on both sides, i.e., GP 22 Ardre kyrka III, had been turned with the name of the deceased upwards. Most of the stones later recognized as parts of the Ardre cist had been smeared with plaster filling the runes, the drilled holes and part of the sunken surfaces of the image fields. However, the runestones shaped like picture stones did not seem to have been smeared with plaster, although Ardre kyrka IV had been set in plaster. Pipping adds in a handwritten note that close to Ardre kyrka IV, there was a thin layer of stamped clay. Pipping thought that all stones had been placed directly on the black soil and that the large picture stone Ardre kyrka VIII, due to its thickness, had been trod upon, while as the other stones were thinner, they had been lying at a lower level and thus protected from being trod upon (Pipping 1900). The remarkable finds were reported by the newspapers Gotlands Allehanda 3/10 1900, Gotlandsposten 15/12 1900, and Dagens Nyheter, the latter quoted by Gotland(?) 10/4 1901 (Gotlands Allehanda?). \n\nIn a letter from the priest Karl Kristiansson to Professor Oscar Montelius, Kristiansson asked for financial support for the church restoration and he suggested that the stones be taken to the Historical museum, as the church had no room for them. He, as well as Pipping, also mentioned that some coins had been found in the church floor (Kristiansson 1900). After this follows a series of letters from Engström in Ljugarn to Dr Emil Eckhoff in Stockholm regarding the delivery of the stones to Stockholm. On October 26, 1900, Engström wrote to Eckhoff that he had not been able to send the stones because he was awaiting the permission of the congregation. In a letter dated November 10, 1900, Engström reports that he has seen to it that the stones were transported to the harbour in Ljugarn, but due to a storm they might have to stay there until the week after, when the steamer could berth. A month later, in a letter dated December 8, 1900, he reported that the stones left Ljugarn on November 17 with the steamer Wisby. In the same letter, it is mentioned that an unnamed person several years ago had observed the missing parts of the broken picture stones in the churchyard, and Engström now asked whether some money could be spent on an investigation of the churchyard. However, the excavation could not start until they had received permission from the chapter, and in addition it had to be postponed due to cold and snow. In May 26, 1901, excavations in the churchyard were undertaken but with negative results (Engström 1900-1901). \n\nThe numbering by Pipping – Ardre kyrka I–VII – was retained in Gotlands Bildsteine, and still is used, even though the typological-chronological classification it is based on has been rejected by Brate. Based on the inscriptions, the seven stones from the 11th century can be arranged into two groups of two monuments each. The first group consists of the Sibba stones, which have been erected by the same man, namely by Sibba: Ardre kyrka IV for his wife Hróðþjóð, who died young and left behind underage children, and shortly afterwards Ardre kyrka VII for one of their children, who had died in the meantime. The other group is composed of the monuments of the sons of Líknhvatr, of which Ardre kyrka III, dedicated to the father, obviously was erected earlier than the monument for the mother, which was put together from the stones I, II, V, and VI, i.e., the Ardre cist (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 18f.). \n\nPipping numbered the stones according to his own theories of dating; he thought that I and II were the oldest, followed by III and IV, and finally V and VI. However, this has been modified and Erik Brate early on established that I, II, V and VI belong to the same monument – a conclusion he arrived at together with Bernhard Salin – and together constitute a coherent inscription, where the reading order is V, I, VI, and II (Brate 1902; GR I, p. 210). Three of the slabs in the cist (I, V and VI) had clear traces of red pigment, by analysis identified as minium (Sw. mönja), known as red lead. In addition, the four stones seemed to have been carved with the same technique. All in all, it seems like they were carved at the same time and by the same stonemason. (GR I, p. 210). The two large slabs (V and VI) are similar in shape, as are the two smaller slabs (I and II). Brate, supported by a study undertaken on the stones by Bernhard Salin, arrived at the conclusion that I and II are gable slabs, whose roots anchored the cist to the ground. V and VI each had rebates on their back that rested against the edges of I and II; the hole in the right upper corner of V probably was made to accommodate a pole running across through the cist between the gable stones in order to support V and VI in their upright positions, as their short roots had no foothold in the ground. A similar hole was found in the left corner as well as, of course, in the corresponding places of VI. Brate insisted that it is impossible that such a cist contained the remains of an unburnt body that was not cremated. Another argument in favour of the idea that the stones belong together is that on three of them – viz. V, I, and VI – red paint, namely minium, has been observed, including some in the grooves that make up the runic characters, which is clear evidence of the fact that runic inscriptions were accentuated by colour (Brate 1902, p. 133; Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 19; GR I, p. 210). To this, Sune Lindqvist added that the dimensions of the notches of V and VI fit the thickness of I and II respectively, further supporting the suggested reading order V, I, VI, and II. As a consequence of this, slab V can be regarded as the front side. Because the cist must have been placed indoors – due to the preserved pigments, but the gable slabs still would have had roots – it has been concluded that the oldest church had an earthen floor (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 19; GR I, p. 211, 219). \n\nMost parts of the cist had been placed together to the south and south-east of the large picture stone Ardre kyrka VIII (GR I, p. 210). Unlike the other runic picture stones in Ardre church (Ardre kyrka III, IV, VII; GP 22-23, 20; G 111-113), the cist stones are carved only on one side, and they had been deposited with the carved surfaces turned upwards. They showed no signs of weathering; according to Pipping the carved surfaces seemed as fresh as if they had been carved yesterday (Pipping 1901, p. 5). Lindqvist indicated that Brate’s reconstruction of the monument is in the main correct and that it was confirmed by the consistent treatment of all four stones, but he objected that Brate was wrong in placing all four slabs in a completely vertical position. (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 18f.). \n\nAs for the site, it is probable that there has been a c. 3 m wide wooden church built by the end of the 11th century or in the beginning of the 12th century (Roosval/Lagerlöf 1963, p. 805). The first known stone church was built by the end of the 12th century, with such small dimensions that it has been assumed that it was a private church belonging to a farm (BeBR). Besides the picture stones found in Ardre church (GP 15-18, 20-21, 23), two picture stones have been found in Petsarve in the same parish (GP 19 and GP 24). \nLKÅ"
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"@value": "Limestone slab, 5–6.5 cm thick. The height at the middle is 0.62 m, at the edges 0.49 m and the width is 0.81–0.82 m (GR I, p. 211). The height between the lower edge of the decoration and the stone’s upper edge is 0.48 m in the middle, and 0.36 m at the right vertical edge (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 21). The border is 4–5 cm wide, the runes are 2.5–4.5 cm high. The stone has been broken into three pieces, but in general, the carving is well preserved. Due to the damage in the upper left corner, there are 6 to 8 runes missing. The upper left corner is broken off, but there is no doubt that the stone had been symmetrical. \n\nThe obverse, abraded by footsteps, appears to have been polished only in those places where it is slightly curved. The narrow sides are dressed at right angles towards the obverse and carefully polished along the upper edge and to some degree along the vertical edges as well. On the whole, the reverse is rough like the natural split surface, but along the left and right vertical edges (as seen from this side), it is chiselled down to areas of 4 and 4.5 cm width, respectively, obviously in order to match the vertical edges of the slabs Ardre kyrka I and II (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 21). \n\nIn the upper right corner there is a round, transversal, drilled hole with a 12 mm diameter, in which iron rust can be observed; the edge of a similar hole can be seen in the corresponding place of the upper left edge in the broken surface (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 21). \n\nJudging by photos in ATA, the stone was mended at some time between 1933 and 1962, before the publication of Gotlands runinskrifter I in 1962 (GR I, p. 211). A photo of Ardre kyrka VII with a signature H. A-son (possibly Hulda Andersson, photo assistant at the Swedish National Heritage Board and the Historical Museum in the 1920s to 1930s), which seems to show how the two parts of the broken stone are glued together, may indicate that the stones from Ardre church were repaired in 1934 (Run- och bildstenssamlingen ATA). In 1991, a program for the conservation of the stones was planned (Gustafsson Belzacq 1991), and in 1992, all stones in the cist were treated; traces of pigments were noticed again, and some more were found; the stones were cleaned carefully due to the pigments and old mends were partly replaced (Marchner 1992). \nLKÅ"
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"@value": "The runic inscription was carved into a raised border following the edge. The main staffs reach down to the edge of the border towards the picture field in the middle, but they do not reach out to the outer edge of the slab. There are no frame lines. The other three slabs in the monument are similar in this regard. The inscription starts down to the left and is read from left to right (GR I p. 211). \n\nThe decoration was designed and executed at the same time as the inscriptions; the same method was used as that for the decoration on Ardre kyrka I and II (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 21). Apart from the elegant, not quite symmetrically arranged loops in runestone style, the image panel in its centre contains two human figures. The lower one probably is a woman, with her arms around the necks of two animals and the arms connected in such a manner that she fulfils the same function as a union knot, common for the runestone style and used to tie the vegetative tendrils above. Above the woman (?), there is a (running?) man with a sword that is attached at his hip horizontally – cf. Ardre kyrka I; one of his arms, now severely damaged, was extended backwards and appears to have been sharply bent, with the elbow facing outwards, the hand downwards; with the other hand, he is raising a small, indistinct object (horn?) under his chin (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 22). \nLKÅ"
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"type": "literal",
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"@value": "The stone has two antithetical serpents tied together, but the union knot usual on runestones has here been replaced by a figure, possibly a female, holding the serpents with her arms (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 22; Karlsson 1983, pp. 71, 110). Above, there is a palmette with slender tendrils meandering around the serpents’ bodies. The palmette is usually interpreted as the tree of life (Karlsson 1983, pp. 66, 110; see GP 22 Ardre kyrka III). Thorgunn Snædal describes the figure trapped between the dragons with his sword and the mead horn as an einherji, one of Odin’s heroes in Valhalla, on his way to the daily war games (Snædal 2010, p. 444). According to Sigmund Oehrl, the image of an anthropomorphic figure wrestling with two large snakes can be included as a part of a \"hell vision\" together with Ardre VI. The narrow sides of the Ardre cist (Ardre kyrka I and II), on the other hand, depict battle scenes, including a fighter with a drinking horn in his hand and the rider on the eight-legged horse. Oehrl points out that Óðinn's wonder horse, which transports the fallen warrior to Valhǫll in the second era of large picture stones, thus returns on a Christian tombstone around 1100. He suggests that perhaps the late Viking Age masters of Ardre transferred from their pagan predecessors eschatological pictorial motifs of Ardre VIII, which could still have been standing in the field at that time, into a Christian context (Oehrl 2019, pp. 59f.). The established reading order of the slabs in the Ardre cist may also have some bearing on the interpretation of the motifs, as the slabs are not independent of each other. V can be regarded as the front side of the monument, and II as the last stone in the sequence. \n\nAs for the shape of the stone and its use as a cist stone, cist stones have been suggested to have a certain relationship to women. There may be a connection between the shape of the wagon basket and the shape of the cist stones. (Snædal 2004, p. 60; 2010, p. 446; Böttger-Niedenzu 1982, pp. 46ff; see GP 360 Sproge). At first, Lindqvist too regarded the cist stones as memorials for women (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 59), but later he turned to regard them as cists for votive offerings and suggested that the cist stones might show events in the neighbourhood (Lindqvist 1964, p. 82; Böttger-Niedenzu 1982, p. 18, p. 79). On this stone, the relationship with women is confirmed by the inscription, as it states that the monument was made in memory of Eilíkn, a good wife and a mother (G 114). Regarding the shape, we might mention the parallels GP 201 Hemse Annexhemman I (G 57), GP 341 Sanda kyrka I (G 181) and GP 167 Halla Unsarve (G 141). \n\nThe inscription is treated at length by Elias Wessén in Gotlands runinkrifter (GR I, see G 114). The slabs V and I together make a complete sentence, the memorial formula, while VI and II can be expected to give additional information. Unfortunately, the latter are fragmentary; on II, more than half of the inscription is missing. (GR I, p. 214f.). The four slabs in the cist appear to have been carved by the same rune-carver but not by Líknreifr who carved the near contemporary III (GP 22, G 113). There are observable distinctions in separation marks, rune forms, the dotted contour lines on III, and spelling (GR I, p. 217). \n\nAs mentioned above, the stones in the floor at Ardre can be divided into two families or kinship groups, the Sibba stones IV and VII, and the stones of sons of Líknhvatr, i.e., III and the Ardre cist (I, II, V, VI). (GR I, p. 201). III is in memory of the father, and the cist is in memory of their mother. While the cist was probably placed indoors, the runic picture stones Ardre kyrka IV, VII, and III (GP 23, 20, and 22; G 111- G 113) may have been situated in the churchyard. In these circumstances, Wessén finds it remarkable that Christian symbols are lacking and that shape as well as ornament, in his view, are traditional and without influence from the new faith (GR I, p. 219). This reasoning by Wessén has consequences for his view of dating that no longer can be upheld, as he thought that they were older than the runestones from Hogrän (GP 208) and Sjonhem (GP 355–357). He also speculates that the heathen pictures made the gable stones particularly exposed to destruction. (GR I, p. 219). Within the two family groups, for the Sibba-group Wessén presumed that IV (G 111) is a little older than VII (G 112), and in the Líknhvatr-group, he thought that III (G 113) is a little older than the cist (G 114) (GR I, p. 219). The oldest stones from each group are close in shape and ornament; the ornament on IV seems to be copied from those on III, thus connecting the two families to each other (GR I, p. 219; Pipping 1901; Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 58). \n\nWessén believes that the Ardre stones are the oldest runestones with long-branch runes on Gotland, and at the same time the oldest group of Christian memorial stones. He characterizes them by saying that the heathen pictures have been replaced by decorative ornament, where a few pictures can be found sporadically, as a remembrance of what was before. Instead, the stones have formulaic memorial runic inscriptions, placed within a prepared border in order to enhance the decorative effect of the runes. The inscription, with its memorial words, has become more important than the pictures, and Wessén means that by then, the border between picture stone and runestone has been crossed. He finds the local connection between the picture stones with short-branch inscriptions, represented by GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide (G 110) and GP 21 Ardre VIII, and the runestones with long-branch runes and a new style particularly intriguing (GR I, p. 220). \n\nThe stones in the Ardre cist were 3D-scanned in 2007 as part of a research project at Stockholm University (Kitzler Åhfeldt 2013). The cist is included in a study comparing the carving techniques of rune carvers on Gotland and the Swedish mainland, respectively. The results indicated that the inscription on the Ardre cist in this aspect is more similar to the stone Sö Fv1954;19 than to other stones from Gotland, Uppland and Södermanland (Kitzler Åhfeldt 2019, pp. 106-107. Figure 10), which is interesting because this is also considered as an early Christian grave-monument (Ljung 2016 II, p. 44, no. 54; Källström 2016, p. 175). \nLKÅ"
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"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b0a22f8bf7599dea66636e834db9b3016d8d9552.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0341.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2213",
"value_resource_id": 2213,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2213",
"display_title": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b9d648ab66b7c060cb051a106eb164234b7a14a2.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0167.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
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"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2070",
"value_resource_id": 2070,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2070",
"display_title": "GP 23 Ardre kyrka IV",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/519e9de4d3f51bbb6cccecdfccb2f0c96b25e1d1.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0023O.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2067",
"value_resource_id": 2067,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2067",
"display_title": "GP 20 Ardre kyrka VII",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d1d30f6ed5ad74a98fb3fa5229b9235f270004e5.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0020O.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
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"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2254",
"value_resource_id": 2254,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2254",
"display_title": "GP0208",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/087237d5e2c627ef58205439a3b085cef91e3da4.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0208.jpg",
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},
{
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2400",
"value_resource_id": 2400,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2400",
"display_title": "GP 355 Sjonhem kyrka I",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1f21e57d318b5b907b3144aba8839fc88ee86a8a.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0355.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
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"property_id": 285,
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2401",
"value_resource_id": 2401,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2401",
"display_title": "GP 356 Sjonhem kyrka II",
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"thumbnail_title": "GP0356.jpg",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2402",
"value_resource_id": 2402,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2402",
"display_title": "GP 357 Sjonhem kyrka III"
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2052",
"value_resource_id": 2052,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2052",
"display_title": "GP 5 Alskog Tjängvide I",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ad15c2e35b95a984bf0f785567b10cfd346dc922.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0005.jpg",
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"type": "literal",
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"property_label": "Type and Dating",
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"@value": "Type E, cist stone. Style group Pr4, 1070–1100 (Gräslund 2006, p. 126). Brate, Pipping and Noreen agrees of a dating around the middle of the 11th century, while von Friesen indicated that it cannot be older than 1040–50, but possibly some decades younger (GR I, p. 220). Snædal includes the stone in her Ardre group, sepulchral monuments in the form of picture stones with runic inscriptions following the edge and pictorial elements in the middle (Snædal 2002, p. 67). Snædal indicated that, based on runological criteria, the runic picture stones from Ardre can be dated to 1100–1130 (Snædal 2002, p. 99f.). \nLKÅ"
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"@value": "Cist stone"
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"property_label": "Lindqvist Type",
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"@value": "E (ca. 1000-1150)"
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"ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [
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"type": "customvocab:5",
"property_id": 317,
"property_label": "Runic Inscription or not",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Yes"
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"property_label": "Runic Inscription",
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"@value": "The inscription G 114 includes four stones, the reading order of which has been established as Ardre kyrka V, I, VI, II (GP 17, 15, 18, 16). The inscription starts on this stone, Ardre kyrka V (GP 17; text row §A in G 114).
\n\n
\n\nInscription on this stone:
\n\n§A : syniʀ : likna(t)(a)- … …(a)rua : merki : kut : ebtir : ailikni : kunu : koþa : moþur :
\n\n
\n\nThe complete inscription G 114:
\n\n§A : syniʀ : likna(t)(a)- … …(a)rua : merki : kut : ebtir : ailikni : kunu : koþa : moþur :
\n\n§B …(s) : auk : kaiʀuataʀ : auk : liknuiaʀ :
\n\n§C : kuþ a-… … …(n) : heni : auk : kieruantum : merki : m-… …ua : aʀ : men : sin :
\n\n§D …(ʀ) : i : karþum : aʀ : uaʀ : ui(u)(e) meʀ :: (h)…
\n\n
\n\nOld West Norse
\n\n§A Synir Líknhvata[r] … [g]erva merki gott eptir Eilíkni, konu góða, móður §B … ok Geirhvatar ok Líknvéar. §C Guð o[k](?) … [náði](?) henni ok gervǫndum merki … … er menn sé §D … í Gǫrðum/Garde, er var Vivi(?) með …
\n\n
\n\nRunic Swedish
\n\n§A Syniʀ Liknhvata[ʀ] … [g]ærva mærki gott æftiʀ Æilikni, konu goða, moður §B … ok Gæiʀhvataʀ ok Liknviaʀ. §C Guð o[k](?) … [naði]n(?) hænni ok gærvandum mærki … … eʀ mænn sen §D … i Garðum/Garde, eʀ vaʀ Vivi(?) meðr …
\n\n
\n\nEnglish
\n\n§A The sons of Líknhvatr … the good landmark made in memory of Eilíkn, a good wife, mother … §B and Geirhvatr and Líknvé. §C God … be gracious to her and those making the landmark … who men §D … in Garðir/Garde, he was with Vivi(?) …
\n\n
\n\nSwedish
\n\nLiknats söner [lät göra] ett gott minnesmärke efter Ailikn, en god kvinna, moder [till Aivat och Ottar] och Gairvat och Liknvi. Gud [och Guds moder vare nådig] mot henne och mot dem som göra minnesvården, (den största) som man kan se … i Garda, som var hos Viv(?) …
\n\n
\n\nQuote from Runor
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"display_title": "GP 15 Ardre kyrka I",
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"display_title": "GP 18 Ardre kyrka VI",
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"url": "/s/index/item/2063",
"display_title": "GP 16 Ardre kyrka II",
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"@value": "Pipping 1900; 1901, p. 158; Brate 1902, pp. 132ff.; Noreen 1904, p. 482; von Friesen 1913, p. 19; 1934; Plutzar 1924, pp. 83f.; Lindqvist 1913, pp. 100f.; 1941/42 I, pp. 58f., 74f., 77, 82, 89, 99, 122f., II, pp. 18f., 21-22f.; Figs. 159, 163, 164; 1964, pp. 10f.; Ruprecht 1958, p. 68 note 107; Holmqvist 1973, p. 398; Snædal 2002, pp. 73f.; Oehrl 2019, pp. 59f. "
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"@value": "Ardre, Kirche V"
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"property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID",
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"@value": "12c"
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"property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID",
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"@value": "11118:V"
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"@value": "G 114"
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"@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgBIph9hylQZTb8-zbUWcbjxAb2dMaISzlb-ZwKoPW4yKqo?e=ayOjSt"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2160",
"o:title": "GP 113 Grötlingbo kyrka"
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2386",
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"ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [
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"@value": "Historiska Museet"
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"display_title": "GP 16 Ardre kyrka II",
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"display_title": "GP 17 Ardre kyrka V",
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"display_title": "GP 20 Ardre kyrka VII",
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"display_title": "GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII",
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"thumbnail_title": "GP0021.jpg",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2070",
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"display_title": "GP 23 Ardre kyrka IV",
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 283,
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"@value": "Sandstone slab, 5.5–7 cm thick. The height at the middle is 0.62 m, the width 0.82 m, the height of the carving is 0.5 m at the middle. The edge below the carving is 0.10-0.15 m high (GR I, p. 212). The height from the lower edge of the decoration to the middle of the upper edge is 0.5 m (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 22). Both upper corners have been broken off, and a large piece is missing on the left side. Elias Wessén believes that especially the corners might have been exposed to some force when the cist was broken. In the broken surface of the upper right corner, there is a half of a drilled hole, corresponding to the drilled holes on Ardre kyrka V. The shape and size of this stone is similar to Ardre kyrka V, and Pipping called them ‘siblings’ although he did not recognize that they were parts of the same monument (Pipping 1901, p. 28). The slab is broken on the middle, but the inscription and the pictures are not badly damaged. \n\nThe obverse is worn down by footsteps, treated just like Ardre V. The narrow sides are dressed at right angles towards the obverse, the upper edge carefully polishes, and the vertical edges less carefully polished. The reverse is rough, but carved along the better-preserved vertical edge in an area that is 5 cm wide and up to 1 cm deep, with its bottom hewn flat, for insertion of the ledge of one of the gable stones (i.e., Ardre kyrka I and II), while at the other vertical edge, the back is so flat that such chiselling work was unnecessary (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 22). \n\nThe decoration is executed in the same manner as that on I, II, and V. On this stone, and in a sense also on I and II, considerable remains of red paint can be made out in the dug-out areas (in runes and in the background field). As mentioned by Pipping, the paint was identified by chemical examination as minium (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 22). \n\nAt some point before the publication of Gotlands runinskrifter I in 1962, the slab was mended (GR I, p. 212). A photo of Ardre kyrka VII with a signature H. A-son (possibly Hulda Andersson, photo assistant at the Swedish National Heritage Board and the Historical museum in the 1920s to 1930s), which seems to show how the two parts of the broken stone are glued together, may indicate that the stones from Ardre church were repaired in 1934 (Run- och bildstenssamlingen ATA). \nLKÅ"
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"display_title": "GP 15 Ardre kyrka I",
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"display_title": "GP 20 Ardre kyrka VII",
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"@value": "62"
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"@value": "82"
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"@value": "7"
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"@value": "Sandstone"
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"ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 284,
"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
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"@value": "On this stone, we see two four-legged animals in runestone style, which are surrounded by ribbons and serpents. In the upper part of the picture is a large, standing figure looking to the right and wearing a chin beard. His arms are stretched out laterally. On the man’s right arm sits a small beardless and childlike figurine. A network of snake bodies surrounds the figures, with one snake's mouth appearing to snap at the back, two at the belly, one at the chest and another at the hand of the bearded man. With his hand stretched forward, the bearded man grasps the tail of a snake, as if he wanted to make his way through the crowd and protect the child. Between the front extremities of the two large quadrupeds lies another bearded person on his back. He seems to support himself on a forearm and want to straighten his upper body. With one hand, the reclining man grasps the body of a serpent that winds around his neck (Oehrl 2019, p. 58). \nLKÅ"
}
],
"ai2:interpretations": [
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"type": "literal",
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"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
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"@value": "Lindqvist thought that the large figure tried to protect the small figure, possibly a child, from a group of attacking serpents (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 22). It has been suggested that the large figure is Saint Christopher carrying the Christ child (Thunmark-Nylén 1990–91, p. 190; Lamm/Nylén 2003, p. 83). However. the small figure is not necessarily a child. David Wilson suggested that it is a woman (Wilson 1995, p. 206). In Christian iconography, the soul of man is often depicted as a reduced human being or as a child, often without wings, carried by an angel. Another reason, according to Oehrl, to reject the interpretation of the small figure as a child is because it does not take into account the animal figures and the reclining anthropomorphic figure, a reservation also voiced by Thorgunn Snædal (Snædal 2002, p. 96). Instead, Oehrl suggests that it is a soul guide, probably Michael, who carries a soul depicted as a child through otherworldly places of horror. Snake attacks are among the dangers of the journey to the afterlife and the torments of the realm of the dead and hell. Comparable scenarios have been handed down in numerous medieval texts, especially vision literature, and iconography. An early example is the Utrecht Psalter. The role of Michael as a psychopomp is widespread in the Middle Ages; in Western Europe the cult of Michael reaches a peak between 950 and 1050. Also in the conversion North, especially in missionary sermons, the Archangel Michael is of great importance. On at least seven runestones from the period between 1050 and 1150, Michael is invoked as a helper of the soul in the hereafter; one of them, GP 208 Hogrän kyrka I (G 203), is a Gotland stone. The runestone of Ängby (U 478) states that Michael should 'protect' the soul of the deceased, and the stone of Klemensker on Bornholm (DR 399) states that he should lead her to paradise. Michael the Spiritual Guide is encountered not only in visionary literature, but also in the Latin liturgy of the dead, which had a strong influence on the Swedish rune stones (Oehrl 2019, p. 59 and literature cited therein). \n\nThe reclining person has been interpreted as a pilgrim drowned in the Jordan, and an interpretation of the reclining figure as a fallen warrior or Daniel in the lion's den has also been considered (Thunmark-Nylén 1990/91, p. 190; Lamm/Nylén 2003, p. 83; Staecker 2004, p. 68; Ardre is wrongly called Garde in Staecker’s article, but it is clear that he refers to the Ardre cist; see Oehrl 2019, p. 59). Another possibility is that it is Gunnar in the snake pit (Lindqvist 1931, p. 166). Lindqvist meant that the man lying at the very bottom is not under attack by the serpents but is himself taking hold of the body of one of them (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 22). Snædal, too, considers that the two upper figures among the serpents could be a variant of earlier picture stone motifs with snake pits, while she suggests that the lying figure is a fallen warrior (Snædal 2002, p. 96; 2004, p. 58; 2010, p. 445). Sigmund Oehrl calls attention to the hall consisting of poisonous snakes, which is mentioned in the end-time vision of the Voluspá as a postmortem punishment site. In the interpretation proposed by Oehrl, the bound Satan in human form or the bound Loki is more likely to be depicted. However, it could also be a soul that has to wander without a soul guide, fallen by demon attacks and tormented. In numerous visions of the afterlife of the Middle Ages, the visionary guided and protected by an angel or a saint sees damned souls who are punished and martyred by demons. It is possible that the reclining human figure of Ardre VI is not only strangled by a snake, but also trampled down by the bound four-legged beasts (Oehrl 2011, pp. 241f.). The figure who unsuccessfully defends himself against the attacks of the worms is a dead sinner who wanders through the places of horror without guidance and is tormented by demons (Oehrl 2019, p. 59). \n\nIn a runestone context, the four-footed runic animal has been interpreted as a dragon, lion or wolf (see GP 167 Halla Unsarve; for a summary of earlier interpretations, see also Oehrl 2011, pp. 48ff.). Lindqvist thought that the two large four-footed animals on Ardre VI themselves were being attacked by serpents (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 22). In Oehrl’s understanding of the motif, the four-footed animal often probably signifies the Fenris wolf, as a symbol of demon powers, Ragnarök and the end of time – especially when it appears in fetters (Oehrl 2006; 2011, pp. 289–293). The four-footed animals on this stone are described as fantastic dragon-like monsters with a neck and a body like a snake. They may be regarded as a particularly stylised variant of the predator frequently depicted on the Swedish runestones of the late Viking Age. Here, too, the bound monsters, between whom the soul guide fights his way through the crowd of serpents, are the bound Satan in the form of a dog or the bound Fenris wolf. According to Oehrl’s interpretation, these monsters can be regarded as dragon-like demons, which populate the afterlife together with the snakes and threaten the souls and even may represent the devil himself (Oehrl 2019, p. 59). \n\nThe stones in the Ardre cist were 3D-scanned in 2007 as part of a research project at Stockholm University (Kitzler Åhfeldt 2013). The cist is included in a study comparing the carving techniques of rune carvers on Gotland and the Swedish mainland respectively (Kitzler Åhfeldt 2019, see GP 17 Ardre kyrka V). \nLKÅ"
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"display_title": "GP0208",
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"display_title": "GP 17 Ardre kyrka V",
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Type E, cist stone. Style group Pr4, 1070–1100 (Gräslund 2006, p. 126). Brate, Pipping and Noreen agree with a dating around the middle of the 11th century, while von Friesen indicated that it cannot be older than 1040–50, but possibly some decades younger (GR I, p. 220). Snædal includes the stone in her Ardre group, sepulchral monuments in the form of picture stones with runic inscriptions along the edge and pictorial elements in the middle (Snædal 2002, p. 67). Snædal indicates that, based on runological criteria, the runic picture stones from Ardre can be dated to 1100–1130 (Snædal 2002, p. 99f.). \nLKÅ"
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"@value": "Cist stone"
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"@value": "E (ca. 1000-1150)"
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"@value": "Kiststen"
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"@value": "The inscription G 114 includes four stones, the reading order of which has been established as Ardre kyrka V, I, VI, II (GP 17, 15, 18, 16).
\n\n
\n\nInscription on this stone:
\n\n§C : kuþ a-… … …(n) : heni : auk : kieruantum : merki : m-… …ua : aʀ : men : sin :
\n\n
\n\nThe complete inscription G 114:
\n\n§A : syniʀ : likna(t)(a)- … …(a)rua : merki : kut : ebtir : ailikni : kunu : koþa : moþur :
\n\n§B …(s) : auk : kaiʀuataʀ : auk : liknuiaʀ :
\n\n§C : kuþ a-… … …(n) : heni : auk : kieruantum : merki : m-… …ua : aʀ : men : sin :
\n\n§D …(ʀ) : i : karþum : aʀ : uaʀ : ui(u)(e) meʀ :: (h)…
\n\n
\n\nOld West Norse
\n\n§A Synir Líknhvata[r] … [g]erva merki gott eptir Eilíkni, konu góða, móður §B … ok Geirhvatar ok Líknvéar. §C Guð o[k](?) … [náði](?) henni ok gervǫndum merki … … er menn sé §D … í Gǫrðum/Garde, er var Vivi(?) með …
\n\n
\n\nRunic Swedish
\n\n§A Syniʀ Liknhvata[ʀ] … [g]ærva mærki gott æftiʀ Æilikni, konu goða, moður §B … ok Gæiʀhvataʀ ok Liknviaʀ. §C Guð o[k](?) … [naði]n(?) hænni ok gærvandum mærki … … eʀ mænn sen §D … i Garðum/Garde, eʀ vaʀ Vivi(?) meðr …
\n\n
\n\nEnglish
\n\n§A The sons of Líknhvatr … the good landmark made in memory of Eilíkn, a good wife, mother … §B and Geirhvatr and Líknvé. §C God … be gracious to her and those making the landmark … who men §D … in Garðir/Garde, he was with Vivi(?) …
\n\n
\n\nSwedish
\n\nLiknats söner [lät göra] ett gott minnesmärke efter Ailikn, en god kvinna, moder [till Aivat och Ottar] och Gairvat och Liknvi. Gud [och Guds moder vare nådig] mot henne och mot dem som göra minnesvården, (den största) som man kan se … i Garda, som var hos Viv(?) …
\n\n
\n\nQuote from Runor
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"display_title": "GP 15 Ardre kyrka I",
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"display_title": "GP 16 Ardre kyrka II",
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"@value": "Pipping 1900; 1901; Brate 1902; Noreen 1904, p. 482; Plutzar 1924, pp. 83f.; Lindqvist 1941/42, Fig. 161, 165, 224–225, II, pp. 22. Snædal 2002, pp. 73f.; Oehrl 2011, pp. 240–242; 2019, pp. 58–60, 181. "
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"@value": "Ardre, Kirche VI"
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"@value": "12d"
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"property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID",
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{
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],
"ai2:downloadPath": [
{
"type": "literal",
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"@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgDP6MOI0ZeAQKncU3Els0laAVpEQvSLWL0C3qj_1Nse4B8?e=cvs7fA"
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"ai2:lastInspected": [
{
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"@value": "31.03.2023 (Cecilia Ljung)"
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],
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"ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2062",
"o:title": "GP 15 Ardre kyrka I"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2063",
"o:title": "GP 16 Ardre kyrka II"
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{
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2069",
"o:title": "GP 22 Ardre kyrka III"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2070",
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2118",
"o:title": "GP 71 Ekeby kyrka"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2067",
"o:title": "GP 20 Ardre kyrka VII"
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],
"ai2:interpretations": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2478",
"o:title": "GP 433 Stenkyrka kyrka 11"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2063",
"o:title": "GP 16 Ardre kyrka II"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2064",
"o:title": "GP 17 Ardre kyrka V"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2160",
"o:title": "GP 113 Grötlingbo kyrka"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2386",
"o:title": "GP 341 Sanda kyrka I"
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],
"ai2:summarySwedish": [
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],
"ai2:runicInscription": [
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2062",
"o:title": "GP 15 Ardre kyrka I"
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{
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2069",
"o:title": "GP 22 Ardre kyrka III"
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"ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2525",
"o:title": "GP 480 Stånga kyrka I"
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],
"ai2:modelVisualizes": [
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4552",
"o:title": "3D model for GP0018"
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"o:item": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2065",
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"o:media": null,
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}
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{
"@context": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context",
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2066",
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],
"o:id": 2066,
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"o:owner": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1",
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},
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32",
"o:id": 32
},
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2",
"o:id": 2
},
"o:thumbnail": null,
"o:title": "GP 19 Ardre Petsarve I",
"thumbnail_display_urls": {
"large": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/bc5e17d02e70a8735691171c07c152d3771a82d7.jpg",
"medium": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/bc5e17d02e70a8735691171c07c152d3771a82d7.jpg",
"square": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/bc5e17d02e70a8735691171c07c152d3771a82d7.jpg"
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"o:modified": {
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"@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime"
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"o:primary_media": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3945",
"o:id": 3945
},
"o:media": [
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/3945",
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/2783",
"o:id": 2783
}
],
"o:item_set": [],
"o:site": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2",
"o:id": 2
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],
"dcterms:title": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 1,
"property_label": "Title",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "GP 19 Ardre Petsarve I"
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],
"dcterms:identifier": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 10,
"property_label": "Identifier",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "GP0019"
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],
"ai2:urlLinks": [
{
"type": "uri",
"property_id": 316,
"property_label": "Links",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25",
"o:label": "ATA"
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],
"ai2:ksamsok": [
{
"type": "uri",
"property_id": 346,
"property_label": "K-Samsök",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "\thttp://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/4b68658a-59fe-4b73-8db2-28bd57557e32",
"o:label": "K-Samsök"
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],
"ai2:findLocation": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 280,
"property_label": "Find Location",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "In a smithy belonging to Petsarve farmstead in Ardre parish. "
}
],
"ai2:findLocationClassification": [
{
"type": "customvocab:7",
"property_id": 318,
"property_label": "Find Context Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Farmstead"
},
{
"type": "customvocab:7",
"property_id": 318,
"property_label": "Find Context Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Private Property"
}
],
"ai2:findLocationParish": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 293,
"property_label": "Parish Find Location",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Ardre"
}
],
"ai2:findingPlaceName": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 292,
"property_label": "Finding Place Name",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Ardre Petsarve"
}
],
"ai2:findLocationContext": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 291,
"property_label": "Find Context",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Återfunnen som trappsten i en smedja strax väster om prästgården"
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],
"ai2:presentLocationClassification": [
{
"type": "customvocab:6",
"property_id": 332,
"property_label": "Present Location Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg"
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationName": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 314,
"property_label": "Present Location Name",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Magasin Visborg"
}
],
"ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
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"@value": "In 1900, Hugo Pipping (1901, p. 8) discovered the picture stone in a smithy, which belonged to Petsarve gård, south-east of Ardre church, where it remained for the following 12 years. Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 25) notes: “Picture stone of cist type, having served as a threshold in a smithy just west of the vicarage, worn away by footsteps, before in 1912, it was salvaged and presented to GF by the farmer Alfr. Olsson.” According to Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 40, 47–48, 58–61; 1964), picture stones of the cist stone Type (see IX) were used either pairwise representing grave markers or in a group of four forming cist-shaped (grave or sacrificial) monuments. However, all known cist stones have been discovered in secondary contexts (Stenkvist 2014). "
}
],
"ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 283,
"property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 25) describes the cist stone as follows: “Limestone slab, up to 15 cm thick. The obverse is worn away very regularly, but with numerous small traces of being hewn. The narrow sides, also severely worn, appear to have been levelled to form right angles to the obverse. The reverse is rough and very heterogeneous. The right corner extension is rather well preserved, the left is broken off. The convex curve of the upper edge is considerably askew, as the highest point is only about 37 cm, measured horizontally, from the upper end of the right side (at the corner extension), while the stone’s width at the upward-extending corners must have been almost 90 cm. From the corner extension downward, the stone’s width slowly increased. The right narrow side is preserved to a height of 28 cm.” The total height of the slab, from its preserved bottom edge to the highest point of the convex upper edge, is approximately 65 cm. An almost vertical crack divides the slab into two halves. "
}
],
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 298,
"property_label": "Height",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "54"
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"ai2:dimensionsWidth": [
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"property_id": 299,
"property_label": "Width",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "92"
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"ai2:dimensionsThickness": [
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"property_id": 300,
"property_label": "Thickness",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "15"
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],
"ai2:material": [
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"property_label": "Material",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Limestone"
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],
"ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 284,
"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "According to Lindqvist (1941/42 II, pp. 25–26), “no remains of decoration can be determined with certainty, as at least the majority of the numerous traces of being worked with a chisel on the obverse are the result of the period when the stone was used as a threshold”. "
}
],
"ai2:interpretations": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "No interpretation"
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],
"ai2:typeAndDating": [
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"type": "literal",
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"property_label": "Type and Dating",
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"@value": "The typical outline of a small gavel-like slab with wave-shaped upper edge, a so-called cist stone, is partly preserved. Most of those stones represent late-type picture stones, belonging to ʻAbschnittʼ C/D or E according to Lindqvist. There is only a very small group of Type B cist stones known to date (see in particular HALLA BROA V–VI). Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 44) regards the Petsarve slab as a late-type monument. As no decoration is left on the stone and the supposed runes cannot be verified (see VIII), the cist stone from Petsarve can only be roughly dated to between the 8th century and around 1100. "
}
],
"ai2:shapeLindqvist": [
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"type": "customvocab:3",
"property_id": 305,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Shape",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Cist stone"
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],
"ai2:typeLindqvist": [
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"type": "customvocab:2",
"property_id": 303,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Type",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)"
},
{
"type": "customvocab:2",
"property_id": 303,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Type",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "E (ca. 1000-1150)"
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],
"ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [
{
"type": "customvocab:5",
"property_id": 317,
"property_label": "Runic Inscription or not",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Unknown"
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],
"ai2:runicContextComments": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 331,
"property_label": "Runic Context and Comments",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "In 1900, Hugo Pipping (1901, p. 8) observed clearly discernable remains of runes on the stone, however, without describing them in any detail. When Lindqvist investigated the monument in the 1930s, he seems not to have seen any rune-like carvings (see VI). Jansson/Wessén (1962, p. 221) assume that the runes had been rubbed off between 1900 and 1912, due to its continuous use as a threshold. "
}
],
"ai2:references": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 288,
"property_label": "References",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Pipping 1901, p. 8; Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 25–26, fig. 313; 1964, p. 68; Jansson/Wessén 1962, p. 221; Stenkvist 2014 I, pp. 36, 38; II, pp. 6–7, fig. 4. "
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],
"ai2:fornsokID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 310,
"property_label": "Fornsök ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "L1977:5086"
}
],
"ai2:raaID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 307,
"property_label": "RAÄ ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Ardre 152:1"
}
],
"ai2:slID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 328,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Title",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Ardre, Petsarve I"
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],
"ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 312,
"property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "GFC1877"
}
],
"ai2:model3D": [
{
"type": "resource:item",
"property_id": 344,
"property_label": "3D model",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4553",
"value_resource_id": 4553,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/4553",
"display_title": "3D model for GP0019",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0019_RGB_B.nxz",
"thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream"
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"ai2:jpID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 308,
"property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "17"
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],
"ai2:dateOfDiscovery": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 302,
"property_label": "Year of Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "1900"
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],
"ai2:limestoneType": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 325,
"property_label": "Limestone Type",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "fine reef debris limestone"
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],
"ai2:geologicalGroup": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 326,
"property_label": "Geological Group",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Hemse Group (40%)"
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],
"ai2:summarySwedish": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 327,
"property_label": "Swedish Summary",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades år 1900 som en tröskelsten i en smedja tillhörande Petsrave gård. Lämnades till Gotlands fornsal 1912 av gårdens ägare. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museums magasin, Visborgsslätt \n\nBeskrivning \nEn kiststen (period C-D) utan bevarade bilder, 90 cm bred och totalt 65 cm hög, inklusive rotdelen. Enligt uppgifter från år 1900 fanns det då spår av runor på stenen, men de är senare försvunna. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, tillhör perioden 700-1000-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning \n\nAA "
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],
"ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [
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"property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "6365229"
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"ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [
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"property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)",
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"@value": "722685"
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"ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [
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"property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)",
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"@value": "6390259"
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"ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [
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"property_id": 296,
"property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)",
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"@value": "695514"
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],
"ai2:downloadPath": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 349,
"property_label": "Path to download",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgCNPvgGdc0nS6tZ9Zj1cSIEAWSCjpSDAr5-LpMll882A-w?e=Ua6UfV"
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],
"@reverse": {
"ai2:typeAndDating": [
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2113",
"o:title": "GP 66 Barlingbo Stava"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2601",
"o:title": "GP 557 Väskinde kyrka III"
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],
"ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [
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],
"ai2:modelVisualizes": [
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"o-module-mapping:marker": [
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"@context": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context",
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"o:media": null,
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{
"@context": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context",
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"@type": [
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"o:id": 2247,
"o:is_public": true,
"o:owner": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1",
"o:id": 1
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"o:resource_class": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32",
"o:id": 32
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"o:resource_template": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2",
"o:id": 2
},
"o:thumbnail": null,
"o:title": "GP 201 Hemse Annexhemman I",
"thumbnail_display_urls": {
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"medium": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/7e363a31b4af925aa183521b8d3f1ad193a83beb.jpg",
"square": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7e363a31b4af925aa183521b8d3f1ad193a83beb.jpg"
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"o:created": {
"@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:12+00:00",
"@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime"
},
"o:modified": {
"@value": "2026-04-23T09:52:47+00:00",
"@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime"
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"o:primary_media": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4039",
"o:id": 4039
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"o:media": [
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{
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"o:id": 4040
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{
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],
"o:item_set": [],
"o:site": [
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],
"dcterms:title": [
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"property_id": 1,
"property_label": "Title",
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"@value": "GP 201 Hemse Annexhemman I"
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],
"dcterms:identifier": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 10,
"property_label": "Identifier",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "GP0201"
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],
"ai2:urlLinks": [
{
"type": "uri",
"property_id": 316,
"property_label": "Links",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25",
"o:label": "ATA"
}
],
"ai2:ksamsok": [
{
"type": "uri",
"property_id": 346,
"property_label": "K-Samsök",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://kulturarvsdata.se/uu/srdb/439a3fb4-31ce-494b-bbb3-8a9feda94c42",
"o:label": "K-Samsök"
}
],
"ai2:findLocation": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 280,
"property_label": "Find Location",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "In a field south of the church. "
}
],
"ai2:findLocationClassification": [
{
"type": "customvocab:7",
"property_id": 318,
"property_label": "Find Context Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Other"
}
],
"ai2:findLocationParish": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 293,
"property_label": "Parish Find Location",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Hemse"
}
],
"ai2:findingPlaceName": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 292,
"property_label": "Finding Place Name",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Hemse Annexhemmanet 1"
}
],
"ai2:findLocationContext": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 291,
"property_label": "Find Context",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Återfunna i grustäckt på två alnars djup på en åkerteg rakt söder om kyrkan."
}
],
"ai2:grave": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 306,
"property_label": "Grave or Not",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "No"
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationClassification": [
{
"type": "customvocab:6",
"property_id": 332,
"property_label": "Present Location Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "SHM Storage"
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationName": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 314,
"property_label": "Present Location Name",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "SHM"
}
],
"ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Find year 1867. Four fragments, matching in twos, that presumably are all part of the same picture stone. They were sent to SHM in 1868 along with a bronze armlet and the note that they had been found in the preceding year about two ells below ground during gravel extraction on a piece of arable land belonging to ‘annexhemmanet’, just south of the church, by the farmer Carl Andersson in Svie in Alva parish (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 75). In P. A. Säve’s Samlingar V, it is erroneously indicated that the finding place is Svie in Alva parish (Säve 1872, p. 806). \n\nDuring restauration of Hemse church in 1896, the remains of an older wooden church was found used as a floor in the present stone church. Some of the planks had been carved with runestone style ornament, including a winged dragon. The suggested dating of the stave-church is c. 1100 or possibly later. The wooden planks from Hemse have been partly reconstructed as a church at the Historical Museum in Stockholm (Lagerlöf/Stolt 1969, p. 181–191; Trotzig 1982, p. 277; BeBR). \n\nFour other picture stones have been found in the parish: two more E-stones from the Annexhemman (GP 203–204), one type C/D in the churchyard (GP 202), and a B-stone from Hemse Lindvide (GP 200). \nLKÅ"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2249",
"value_resource_id": 2249,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2249",
"display_title": "GP0203",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/eb99ca6074302ec4d219b581b50f81c37014df65.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0203.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2250",
"value_resource_id": 2250,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2250",
"display_title": "GP0204",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/858a683002714ee73a2a31c01da1514f18e5e4e6.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0204.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2248",
"value_resource_id": 2248,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2248",
"display_title": "GP 202 Hemse kyrka",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/031b988b5e1e7ac220b8c6104930e1666365f773.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0202.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2246",
"value_resource_id": 2246,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2246",
"display_title": "GP 200 Hemse Lindvide"
}
],
"ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 283,
"property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Sandstone slab. The find includes four fragments, which fit together in two pairs. The greatest dimension for the smaller fragment (with runes) is 25 cm, for the larger one (with figures) 32 cm. Thickness 6.5 cm (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 75; GR I, see G 57). \n\nThe obverse is hewn flat and polished, as is the surviving part of the upper narrow side, at right angles towards the obverse, up to a width of 4–4.5 cm, where it is roughly chamfered towards the back. The reverse, which – regarding the top fragment – is flaked off for the most part, appears in the main to have been left naturally smooth (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 75). \n\nRemains of the original colouring have survived: black in the background fields, red on all the remains of elevated areas, i.e., on both the figures and the inscribed ribbon, partly also in the runes (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 76).\t\nLKÅ"
}
],
"ai2:dimensionsThickness": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 300,
"property_label": "Thickness",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "6"
}
],
"ai2:material": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 301,
"property_label": "Material",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Sandstone"
}
],
"ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 284,
"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "The decoration is made up of grooves, carved about 3 mm deep and with V-shaped cross section, which define the figures’ contours, after which the background field was sunk to almost the same depth and then polished. The figural shapes created in this manner have a number of narrow, very shallow grooves of up to 2-mm width with rounded bases. The runes are formed by g. rooves generally 2 mm deep, 4–5 mm wide, and with rounded cross section, the bases of which betray clear traces of the precision with which the chisel was moved while being struck consistently and lightly. Also, only in the runic inscription do drilled holes occur. In the inscribed ribbon, there is clear evidence that the writing originally had been sketched out with a point (of a knife) (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 75). \n\nAccording to Lindqvist, the stone appears to have had the same cist shape as GP 15 Ardre I and GP 16 Ardre II. Judging by the pair of fragments featuring a runic inscription which preserves a 25-cm-long segment of the upper narrow side – from the recess at the right corner posts up to the top of the stone – Lindqvist meant that GP 203 Hemse Annexhemman II has the same unusual curvature of the stone’s top side (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 75). \n\nThe larger pair of fragments features parts of two people, both turned right, each of which is holding an object in his left hand in front of him. The one in front probably wields an axe, the short blade of which is partly lost, however. The other figure possibly holds a sickle. Behind him, there is a roundel with a large cavity in its centre (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 75f.). \nLKÅ"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 284,
"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2062",
"value_resource_id": 2062,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2062",
"display_title": "GP 15 Ardre kyrka I",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/883a0994612ead208916a483f2f792664bcb1712.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0015.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 284,
"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2063",
"value_resource_id": 2063,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2063",
"display_title": "GP 16 Ardre kyrka II",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/53bc3e295f23015eb55c0e1c0f9775a1be226dae.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0016.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 284,
"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2249",
"value_resource_id": 2249,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2249",
"display_title": "GP0203",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/eb99ca6074302ec4d219b581b50f81c37014df65.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0203.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
}
],
"ai2:interpretations": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Hemse Annexhemman I seems to belong to a small group of picture stones featuring short processions of people carrying some kind of tools or other objects. This group includes GP 341 Sanda kyrka I and GP 3 Alskog kyrka, where there are small processions with three individuals carrying undefined attributes. A similar procession can possibly be seen on GP 91 Fröjel Bottarve (Andreeff 2001, p. 24). The interpretation of Hemse Annexhemman I is largely dependent on the interpretations of the Sanda stone, as the latter is more complete and has attracted more discussion (see, e.g., Staecker 2004, p. 57–58). The procession has been interpreted in a number of various ways, for example as a ceremony for taking possession of land (Sw. landnam; Lindqvist 1941/42 II 75f., 1962, p. 76), a cadastral act (Nylén 1978, p. 60f.), an agricultural rite (Lindqvist 1962), as the gods Ođinn, Thor and Freij (Nylén 1978, p. 60f.) or as the three holy kings (Oehrl 2020, p. 149). It has also been suggested that the men bring forth fertility or power symbols to a sitting god (Arrhenius 1961, p. 152, p. 154; Böttger-Niedenzu 1982, p. 75f.). The fragments of Hemse Annexhemman I are small, but according to Staecker the attributes are the same as on the Franks Casket and, thus, the round object might represent the guiding star. He admits, though, that the find context does not support this theory, as the fragments were found in a field together with objects indicating an old burial ground which cannot be connected to a Christian tradition (Staecker 2004, p 58). The three stones GP 341 Sanda kyrka I, GP 3 Alskog kyrka and GP 91 Fröjel Bottarve also have birds in connection to the scene with the procession, leading Oehrl to the proposal that the processions have some relation to the psychopomp (Oehrl 2020, p. 149). \nLKÅ"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2386",
"value_resource_id": 2386,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2386",
"display_title": "GP 341 Sanda kyrka I",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b0a22f8bf7599dea66636e834db9b3016d8d9552.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0341.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2050",
"value_resource_id": 2050,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2050",
"display_title": "GP 3 Alskog kyrka",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/50a7bab11df828a06ad8a95ac40128b793f64c22.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0003.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2138",
"value_resource_id": 2138,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2138",
"display_title": "GP0091",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f013e0b5d4e9c4283dfc8b692e086a18f1d35595.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0091.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
}
],
"ai2:typeAndDating": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Type E. Probably a cist stone. 11th century. \n\nThorgunn Snædal includes the stone in her Ardre-group, consisting of grave monuments shaped as picture stones, with runic inscriptions along the edge and decorated with pictures and ornament in the central parts of the stone (Snædal 2002, p. 67; 2004, p. 33). The group as a whole has been dated on runological grounds to 1000–1150 by Snædal, but she adds that stones where large proportions of the carving surface are covered by pictures may possibly be older than those with Middle Scandinavian runestone ornament (Snædal 2002, p. 67, p. 100). \nLKÅ"
}
],
"ai2:shapeLindqvist": [
{
"type": "customvocab:3",
"property_id": 305,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Shape",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Cist stone"
}
],
"ai2:typeLindqvist": [
{
"type": "customvocab:2",
"property_id": 303,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Type",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "E (ca. 1000-1150)"
}
],
"ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [
{
"type": "customvocab:5",
"property_id": 317,
"property_label": "Runic Inscription or not",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Yes"
}
],
"ai2:runicInscription": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 286,
"property_label": "Runic Inscription",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "… : kairalf … \n\n… Geiralfr … "
}
],
"ai2:runicContextComments": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 331,
"property_label": "Runic Context and Comments",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "The drawing by Olof Sörling (ATA) is interesting, as there are thin sketch lines of additional runes between the deeply carved ones. The runes l and f are indicated. There may possibly be traces of a faint t-rune between k and a in kairalf. The sketched but not deep-carved runes can be discerned in the photo by Harald Faith-Ell in 1933 (ATA), but it is not clear that there is an f. If Sörling is right, it appears as if the carver had forgotten an a-rune in the sketch carving, and thus had to move l and f further to the right when he inserted the missing a-rune. Sörling has also indicated two upwards branches on the left side of the f-rune, implying that the next rune should have been an o, probably in the word ok (and). This may indicate that at least two people were commemorated on this stone, even though only one name is preserved. von Friesen, who examined the stones in 1934, has no note about these sketch lines. However, as mentioned above Lindqvist noticed that the inscription was sketched with a pointed tool, although he did not mention any additional runes (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 75). The reason why the carver altered the inscription may be that he had forgotten the ʀ-rune in kairalfʀ. In addition to the inscription being altered in relation to the sketch, the i-rune in kairalf was squeezed between a and r in kairalf, in a way indicating that it had been forgotten and had to be inserted. \nLKÅ"
}
],
"ai2:references": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 288,
"property_label": "References",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "P. A. Säve 1872, p. 806; Pipping 1901, p. 5 note 2, p. 45 (with note 4), p. 59; Lindqvist 1941/42, I p. 59, p. 77, p. 88, p. 90, II p. 75f., Figs. 172, 179, 419; Plassmann 1959, pp. 242f.; Snædal 2002, p. 68; 2004, p. 33. "
}
],
"ai2:slID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 328,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Title",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Hemse, Annexhemmanet I [Alva, Svie]"
}
],
"ai2:model3D": [
{
"type": "resource:item",
"property_id": 344,
"property_label": "3D model",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4733",
"value_resource_id": 4733,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/4733",
"display_title": "3D model for GP0201",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0201_RGB_A.nxz",
"thumbnail_type": "application/octet-stream"
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"ai2:jpID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 308,
"property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "147"
}
],
"ai2:shmID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 311,
"property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "4030"
}
],
"ai2:runverketID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 309,
"property_label": "Runverket ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "G 57"
}
],
"ai2:summarySwedish": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 327,
"property_label": "Swedish Summary",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Fyndplats \nI en åker söder om kyrkan. \n\nNuvarande förvaringsplats \nSHM, i magasinet i Tumba. \n\nDatering \nSen vikingatid, 1000-talet eller tidigt 1100-tal. \n\nBeskrivning \nFyra fragment av en bildsten med runinskrift längs kanten, troligen en kiststen. Fragmenten har passning två och två. Bilderna visar två gående personer med någon form av redskap eller vapen i händerna. Ett av fragmenten visar en del av ytterligare ett redskap, varför det kan ha funnits en tredje person. Bakom dem finns ett runt föremål med en fördjupning i mitten. Av inskriften finns det endast kvar ett namn, men man kan se att ristaren har skisshuggit och korrigerat inskriften. \n\nInskrift: … Gairalv … \n\nTolkning \nScenen med tre gående personer med redskap i händerna förekommer mer komplett på ett par andra stenar, nämligen GP 341 Sanda kyrka I och GP 3 Alskog K. Utifrån dessa har de gående personerna med redskap tolkats som en procession i något syfte, exempelvis i samband med begravning, lantmäteriförrättning eller en ceremoni för överlåtelse av land. Det har även föreslagits att de är gudarna Oden, Tor och Freij, att det är män som bär fram fruktbarhets- och maktsymboler till en gud eller att de är de tre vise männen som ankommer till Betlehem med gåvor. Det runda föremålet har tolkats som ett bröd eller som stjärnan som visar vägen till Betlehem. \n\nLKÅ"
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 295,
"property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "6581391"
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],
"ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [
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"property_id": 296,
"property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "675775"
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],
"ai2:downloadPath": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 349,
"property_label": "Path to download",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgALDpLE4QGLTYZaQhmC34s3AdA-FF9OCoRG0DJJlzh5vBE?e=hDqLiX"
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"ai2:interpretations": [
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2070",
"o:title": "GP 23 Ardre kyrka IV"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2160",
"o:title": "GP 113 Grötlingbo kyrka"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2213",
"o:title": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2386",
"o:title": "GP 341 Sanda kyrka I"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2290",
"o:title": "GP 244 Lokrume kyrka"
}
],
"ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2069",
"o:title": "GP 22 Ardre kyrka III"
}
],
"ai2:modelVisualizes": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4733",
"o:title": "3D model for GP0201"
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}
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"o:id": 2285,
"o:is_public": true,
"o:owner": {
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"o:id": 1
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"o:resource_class": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32",
"o:id": 32
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"o:resource_template": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2",
"o:id": 2
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"o:thumbnail": null,
"o:title": "GP 239 Lokrume Tomase I",
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"o:created": {
"@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:13+00:00",
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"@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime"
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"o:media": [
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"property_label": "Title",
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"@value": "GP 239 Lokrume Tomase I"
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{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 10,
"property_label": "Identifier",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "GP0239"
}
],
"ai2:urlLinks": [
{
"type": "uri",
"property_id": 316,
"property_label": "Links",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25",
"o:label": "ATA"
}
],
"ai2:findLocation": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 280,
"property_label": "Find Location",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "A grave mound near Tomase gård in Lokrume parish. "
}
],
"ai2:findLocationClassification": [
{
"type": "customvocab:7",
"property_id": 318,
"property_label": "Find Context Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Grave"
}
],
"ai2:findLocationParish": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 293,
"property_label": "Parish Find Location",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Lokrume"
}
],
"ai2:findingPlaceName": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 292,
"property_label": "Finding Place Name",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Lokrume Tomase"
}
],
"ai2:findLocationContext": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 291,
"property_label": "Find Context",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Tomase 1-5 återfanns av Wennersten vid foten av en gravhög med 15 m diameter."
}
],
"ai2:grave": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 306,
"property_label": "Grave or Not",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Yes"
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationClassification": [
{
"type": "customvocab:6",
"property_id": 332,
"property_label": "Present Location Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "SHM Storage"
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationName": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 314,
"property_label": "Present Location Name",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "SHM"
}
],
"ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "“The stones [GP 239–243 Lokrume Tomase I–V] of which II–V apparently together formed a cist-like monument, while No. I probably belonged to another monument of similar shape – were retrieved by O. V. Wennersten and sent to SHM. He found them, along with several other stone slabs, which cannot be identified with certainty as belonging to the group of picture stones, at the foot of a burial mound of approximately 15 m in diameter. The stones had formed a kerb. Some of them, among them Nos I and II, still stood in an upright position, while others, such as Nos III–V, appear to have fallen outwards, due to the pressure of the masses of earth from the mound. Not only this remarkable enclosure, but also large parts of the mound, however, had been severely damaged [and obviously robbed] in Antiquity. There was no possibility to determine the age of the site. About this, see Wennersten’s report in ATA” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 99). \n\nIn ATA, however, only a sketch of the find situation dating to 1911 and a letter from Wennersten as well as a letter from Otto von Friesen about a grave field at Tomase (both dating 1902) can be found (ATA, Go Lokrume sn K–O). The letters do not provide any more information about the picture stones and the grave mound. The 1911 drawing shows the position of the picture stones and other stone slabs, building a half circle which surrounds and edges the north-western part of the mound. Furthermore, the archive keeps photos of the stones in situ, taken by Otto von Friesen in 1902, showing them in a row with their upper edges standing out of the ground. One of the photos, however, depicts one of the picture stones being unearthed. These pictures are labelled as Lokrume ʻKroksʼ, which is the name of a neighbouring farm (ATA, Fasta fornlämningar Lokrume sn, Lokrume sn Kroks, foto 1838:33; 626:25–26). Photos of all stones were taken by Faith-Ell in 1933 (ATA, run- och bildstenssamlingen, foto 1718:4–8; cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, fig. 455–459). \n\nThe location of the grave mound remains unknown. In the letter by von Friesen, a grave field is described as being located east of Lokrume church. There are many grave mounds (rösen) and other stone settings registered in the Tomase area. One group of those stone settings and perhaps a grave field are situated between 500 and 800 m east of the church and between 100 and 500 m north of Tomase gård; a second group lies between 300 and 500 m south of the church. \n\nAccording to Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 40, 47–48, 58–61; 1964), picture stones of the cist stone Type were originally used either pairwise representing grave markers or, as in the case of Tomase II–V, in a group of four that form cist-shaped (grave or sacrificial) monuments. However, all known cist stones have been discovered in secondary contexts (Stenkvist 2014). "
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2286",
"value_resource_id": 2286,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2286",
"display_title": "GP 240 Lokrume Tomase II",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/bdc0968b6de637ecfb8dd01c707c2d14aa853fe3.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0240.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
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{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2287",
"value_resource_id": 2287,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2287",
"display_title": "GP 241 Lokrume Tomase III",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7ae4cee5c1aa06aff6d2d597af9e83a114731242.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0241.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
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{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2288",
"value_resource_id": 2288,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2288",
"display_title": "GP 242 Lokrume Tomase IV",
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"thumbnail_title": "GP0242.jpg",
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{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2289",
"value_resource_id": 2289,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2289",
"display_title": "GP 243 Lokrume Tomase V",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b124c87642be2aa9890f56b917fd5ecde5bd9bde.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0243.jpg",
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 283,
"property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "“Limestone slab, 8 cm thick at the root, 12 cm at the top. The obverse is naturally even and best preserved in the centre section. Otherwise, it is severely weathered and damaged – especially on the left half. The preserved right narrow side is rounded, the right part of the upper narrow side appears to be levelled close to the obverse und rounded towards the back. It is unclear whether the narrow side was separated from the obverse by a chamfer. The reverse is rough and unworked. The height is 64 cm, 38 cm of which is accounted for by the section above the decoration’s lower edge. At the base, the width now is 82 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 99–100). The root seems to be completely preserved. Of the cist-stone’s typical wave-shaped upper edge, only the left protruding corner is broken off. "
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],
"ai2:dimensionsHeight": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 298,
"property_label": "Height",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "64"
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"ai2:dimensionsWidth": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 299,
"property_label": "Width",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "82"
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],
"ai2:dimensionsThickness": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 300,
"property_label": "Thickness",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "12"
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],
"ai2:material": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 301,
"property_label": "Material",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Limestone"
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],
"ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 284,
"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "“The decoration is executed in carved lines and chiseled background fields. Of the framing border, merely a few parts are preserved. Along the base, it is filled with a two-stranded band pattern. Above, insignificant remains of figures can be seen in the chiselled field (the lower bodies of men?)” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 100). An undated drawing kept at ATA (Go Lokrume sn K–Ö) describes the pattern of the horizontal border as a primitive step pattern, which is incorrect. A a simple interlace, which Lindqvist calls “two-stranded band pattern”, can easily be seen on the stone (see IX). "
}
],
"ai2:interpretations": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "No interpretation"
}
],
"ai2:typeAndDating": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "The typical outline of a small gable-like slab with wave-shaped upper edge, a so-called cist stone, is largely preserved. Most of those stones represent late-type picture stones, belonging to ʻAbschnittʼ C/D or E according to Lindqvist. There is only a very small group of Type B cist stones known to date (see in particular Halla Broa V–VI). Rundkvist (2012, p. 154) labels the Tomase stone as Type B (AD 500–700) but Lindqvist as a Type C picture stone. Lindqvist dated his ʻAbschnittʼ C to the time around AD 700. Recent research, however, dates the stones of this type between the 8th and the 11th century. The stone from Tomase is quite small, only about 26 cm above ground, which seems to indicate a Type B monument. Simple interlace patterns like the one on the stone’s horizontal border frequently occur on Type C picture stones (e.g., GP 161 Halla Broa III). However, comparable patterns can be observed on Type B stones as well (e.g., GP 74 Endre skog, GP 368 Stenkyrka kyrka IX, GP 238 Lokrume Lauks). The best match, however, is represented by the horizontal border on the Type C cist stones GP 57–60 Buttle Änge III–VI. "
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"type": "resource",
"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2190",
"value_resource_id": 2190,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2190",
"display_title": "GP 144 Halla Broa V",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ca211887faad2444d4e2935a657ba14141c5696a.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0144.jpg",
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"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2191",
"value_resource_id": 2191,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2191",
"display_title": "GP 145 Halla Broa VI",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ef70a54a3f72a598d697b65669ed660577418999.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0145.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
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{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2207",
"value_resource_id": 2207,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2207",
"display_title": "GP 161 Halla Broa III",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/0a4b22bb8da6bb7d59b33ea8abd309a6e3b47ccb.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0161.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
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{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2121",
"value_resource_id": 2121,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2121",
"display_title": "GP 74 Endre skog",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/385997197feacf40f30834dbce85a832140ead51.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0074.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
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{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2413",
"value_resource_id": 2413,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2413",
"display_title": "GP 368 Stenkyrka kyrka IX",
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"thumbnail_title": "GP0368.jpg",
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"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2284",
"value_resource_id": 2284,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2284",
"display_title": "GP 238 Lokrume Lauks",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/154b5c379faa278dfcec5cc12e01e7b089eb5780.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0238.jpg",
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"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2104",
"value_resource_id": 2104,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2104",
"display_title": "GP0057",
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"value_resource_id": 2105,
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"url": "/s/index/item/2105",
"display_title": "GP0058",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2106",
"value_resource_id": 2106,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2106",
"display_title": "GP0059",
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"property_label": "Type and Dating",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2107",
"value_resource_id": 2107,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2107",
"display_title": "GP0060",
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"property_label": "Lindqvist Shape",
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"@value": "Cist stone"
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"ai2:typeLindqvist": [
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"type": "customvocab:2",
"property_id": 303,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Type",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "B (ca. 500-700)"
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{
"type": "customvocab:2",
"property_id": 303,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Type",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)"
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],
"ai2:typeLindqvistNote": [
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"property_label": "Lindqvist Type Note",
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"@value": "Kiststen"
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"ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [
{
"type": "customvocab:5",
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"property_label": "Runic Inscription or not",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "No"
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"property_label": "References",
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"@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 99–100, fig. 459; Böhner 1968, pp. 188–189; Rundkvist 2012, pp. 151, 154; Stenkvist 2014 I, pp. 32–34, 43; II, pp. 16–17, fig. 23. "
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"property_label": "Lindqvist Title",
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"property_label": "3D model",
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"property_id": 308,
"property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "173a"
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{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 311,
"property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID",
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"type": "literal",
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"property_label": "Swedish Summary",
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"@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffad i en kantkedja till en gravhög nära gården Tomase i Lokrume socken. Äldsta dokumentation är ett foto från 1902. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStatens Historiska Museums magasin, Tumba. \n\nBeskrivning \nEn kiststen (troligen period C-D), 64 x 82 cm, med kantdekor. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men den tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA "
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"property_label": "Iconographic Keywords",
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"property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)",
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"property_label": "Path to download",
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"o:title": "GP 241 Lokrume Tomase III"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2288",
"o:title": "GP 242 Lokrume Tomase IV"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2289",
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2290",
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"property_label": "Finding Place Name",
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"@value": "Lokrume Tomase"
}
],
"ai2:findLocationContext": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 291,
"property_label": "Find Context",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Tomase 1-5 återfanns av Wennersten vid foten av en gravhög med 15 m diameter."
}
],
"ai2:grave": [
{
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"property_label": "Grave or Not",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Yes"
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationClassification": [
{
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"property_label": "Present Location Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "SHM Storage"
}
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"ai2:presentLocationName": [
{
"type": "literal",
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"property_label": "Present Location Name",
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"ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [
{
"type": "literal",
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"@value": "“The stones [GP 239–243 Lokrume Tomase I–V] of which II–V apparently together formed a cist-like monument, while No. I probably belonged to another monument of similar shape – were retrieved by O. V. Wennersten and sent to SHM. He found them, along with several other stone slabs, which cannot be identified with certainty as belonging to the group of picture stones, at the foot of a burial mound of approximately 15 m in diameter. The stones had formed a kerb. Some of them, among them Nos I and II, still stood in an upright position, while others, such as Nos III–V, appear to have fallen outwards, due to the pressure of the masses of earth from the mound. Not only this remarkable enclosure, but also large parts of the mound, however, had been severely damaged [and obviously robbed] in Antiquity. There was no possibility to determine the age of the site. About this, see Wennersten’s report in ATA” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 99). \n\nIn ATA, however, only a sketch of the find situation dating to 1911 and a letter from Wennersten as well as a letter from Otto von Friesen about a grave field at Tomase (both dating 1902) can be found (ATA, Go Lokrume sn K–O). The letters do not provide any more information about the picture stones and the grave mound. The 1911 drawing shows the position of the picture stones and other stone slabs, building a half circle which surrounds and edges the north-western part of the mound. Furthermore, the archive keeps photos of the stones in situ, taken by Otto von Friesen in 1902, showing them in a row with their upper edges standing out of the ground. One of the photos, however, depicts one of the picture stones being unearthed. These pictures are labelled as Lokrume ʻKroksʼ, which is the name of a neighbouring farm (ATA, Fasta fornlämningar Lokrume sn, Lokrume sn Kroks, foto 1838:33; 626:25–26). Photos of all stones were taken by Faith-Ell in 1933 (ATA, run- och bildstenssamlingen, foto 1718:4–8; cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, fig. 455–459). \n\nThe location of the grave mound remains unknown. In the letter by von Friesen the grave field is described as being located east of Lokrume church. There are many grave mounds (rösen) and other stone settings registered in the Tomase area. One group of those stone settings and perhaps a grave field are situated between 500 and 800 m east of the church and between 100 and 500 m north of Tomase gård; a second group lies between 300 and 500 m south of the church. \n\nAccording to Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 40, 47–48, 58–61; 1964), picture stones of the cist stone Type were originally used either pairwise representing grave markers or, as in the case of Tomase II–V, in a group of four that form cist-shaped (grave or sacrificial) monuments. However, all known cist stones have been discovered in secondary contexts (Stenkvist 2014). "
},
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"display_title": "GP 239 Lokrume Tomase I",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/c20767ed732c38d5c57db3f727d087b49fd1ab5a.jpg",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2287",
"value_resource_id": 2287,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2287",
"display_title": "GP 241 Lokrume Tomase III",
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"value_resource_id": 2288,
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"display_title": "GP 242 Lokrume Tomase IV",
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"thumbnail_title": "GP0242.jpg",
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{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2289",
"value_resource_id": 2289,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2289",
"display_title": "GP 243 Lokrume Tomase V",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b124c87642be2aa9890f56b917fd5ecde5bd9bde.jpg",
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"ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 283,
"property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition",
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"@value": "“Limestone slab, up to 12 cm thick. The obverse is naturally even, the narrow sides are hewn even approximately at right angles towards the obverse. The reverse is rough and unworked. The stone’s width of 83 cm, its height 82 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 100). The bottom edge is roughly rectangular and almost completely preserved; the root, however, is not clearly separated from the rest of the stone. Of the cist-stone’s typical wave-shaped upper edge only the right protruding corner is broken off. The surface is heavily weathered. "
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"property_label": "Height",
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"@value": "82"
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"@value": "83"
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"@value": "12"
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"property_label": "Material",
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"@value": "Limestone"
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{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 284,
"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
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"@value": "No remains of carvings discernable. "
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],
"ai2:interpretations": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
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"@value": "No interpretation"
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"ai2:typeAndDating": [
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"property_label": "Type and Dating",
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"@value": "The typical outline of a small gable-like slab with wave-shaped upper edge, a so-called cist stone, is largely preserved. Most of those stones represent late-type picture stones, belonging to ʻAbschnittʼ C/D or E according to Lindqvist. There is only a very small group of Type B cist stones known to date (see in particular Halla Broa V–VI). Rundkvist (2012, p. 154) labels the Tomase stone as Type B (AD 500–700) but Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 48) as Type C picture stone. Lindqvist dated his ʻAbschnittʼ C to the time around AD 700. Recent research, however, dates the stones of this type between the 8th and the 11th century. With a total height of more than 82 cm, the slab is a bit too large to be a Type B monument. "
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2190",
"value_resource_id": 2190,
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"url": "/s/index/item/2190",
"display_title": "GP 144 Halla Broa V",
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"thumbnail_title": "GP0144.jpg",
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{
"type": "resource",
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"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2191",
"value_resource_id": 2191,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2191",
"display_title": "GP 145 Halla Broa VI",
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"thumbnail_title": "GP0145.jpg",
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"property_label": "Lindqvist Shape",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Cist stone"
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"ai2:typeLindqvist": [
{
"type": "customvocab:2",
"property_id": 303,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Type",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "B (ca. 500-700)"
},
{
"type": "customvocab:2",
"property_id": 303,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Type",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)"
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"ai2:typeLindqvistNote": [
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"property_label": "Lindqvist Type Note",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Kiststen"
}
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"ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [
{
"type": "customvocab:5",
"property_id": 317,
"property_label": "Runic Inscription or not",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "No"
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"ai2:references": [
{
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"property_id": 288,
"property_label": "References",
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"@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 48; II, pp. 99–100, fig. 456; 1964, p. 68; Böhner 1968, pp. 188–189; Rundkvist 2012, pp. 151, 154; Stenkvist 2014 I, pp. 32–34, 43; II, pp. 17–18, fig. 28; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 13, 393. "
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"property_label": "Lindqvist Title",
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"@value": "Lokrume, Tomase II"
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"type": "resource:item",
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"property_label": "3D model",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4772",
"value_resource_id": 4772,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/4772",
"display_title": "3D model for GP0240",
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"thumbnail_title": "GP0240_RGB.nxz",
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"ai2:jpID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 308,
"property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "173b"
}
],
"ai2:shmID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 311,
"property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "11695:2"
}
],
"ai2:summarySwedish": [
{
"type": "literal",
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"property_label": "Swedish Summary",
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"@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffad i en kantkedja till en gravhög nära gården Tomase i Lokrume socken. Äldsta dokumentation är ett foto från 1902. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStatens Historiska Museums magasin, Tumba. \n\nBeskrivning \nEn kiststen tillhörande ett kistformat monument tillsammans med Lokrume Tomase III-V (period C-D). Stenen, som är 82 cm hög och 83 cm bred, har en vågformad överdel, men bilder och dekor saknas. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men den tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA "
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"property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)",
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"@value": "6581391"
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"property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)",
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"property_label": "Path to download",
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"@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgB-awtlGhXrRYP10tywfoSoARxZ0od1yr7L_qa8D9v0fj4?e=SMDGDw"
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2288",
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2289",
"o:title": "GP 243 Lokrume Tomase V"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2290",
"o:title": "GP 244 Lokrume kyrka"
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"ai2:modelVisualizes": [
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4772",
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"@context": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context",
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"property_label": "Title",
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{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 10,
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],
"ai2:urlLinks": [
{
"type": "uri",
"property_id": 316,
"property_label": "Links",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25",
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{
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"property_label": "Finding Place Name",
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"ai2:findLocationContext": [
{
"type": "literal",
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"property_label": "Find Context",
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"@value": "Tomase 1-5 återfanns av Wennersten vid foten av en gravhög med 15 m diameter."
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{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 306,
"property_label": "Grave or Not",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Yes"
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"ai2:presentLocationClassification": [
{
"type": "customvocab:6",
"property_id": 332,
"property_label": "Present Location Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "SHM Storage"
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],
"ai2:presentLocationName": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 314,
"property_label": "Present Location Name",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "SHM"
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"ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [
{
"type": "literal",
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"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
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"@value": "“The stones [GP 239–243 Lokrume Tomase I–V] of which II–V apparently together formed a cist-like monument, while No. I probably belonged to another monument of similar shape – were retrieved by O. V. Wennersten and sent to SHM. He found them, along with several other stone slabs, which cannot be identified with certainty as belonging to the group of picture stones, at the foot of a burial mound of approximately 15 m in diameter. The stones had formed a kerb. Some of them, among them Nos I and II, still stood in an upright position, while others, such as Nos III–V, appear to have fallen outwards, due to the pressure of the masses of earth from the mound. Not only this remarkable enclosure, but also large parts of the mound, however, had been severely damaged [and obviously robbed] in Antiquity. There was no possibility to determine the age of the site. About this, see Wennersten’s report in ATA” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 99). \n\nIn ATA, however, only a sketch of the find situation dating to 1911 and a letter from Wennersten as well as a letter from Otto von Friesen about a grave field at Tomase (both dating 1902) can be found (ATA, Go Lokrume sn K–O). The letters do not provide any more information about the picture stones and the grave mound. The 1911 drawing shows the position of the picture stones and other stone slabs, building a half circle which surrounds and edges the north-western part of the mound. Furthermore, the archive keeps photos of the stones in situ, taken by Otto von Friesen in 1902, showing them in a row with their upper edges standing out of the ground. One of the photos, however, depicts one of the picture stones being unearthed. These pictures are labelled as Lokrume ʻKroksʼ, which is the name of a neighbouring farm (ATA, Fasta fornlämningar Lokrume sn, Lokrume sn Kroks, foto 1838:33; 626:25–26). Photos of all stones were taken by Faith-Ell in 1933 (ATA, run- och bildstenssamlingen, foto 1718:4–8; cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, fig. 455–459). \n\nThe location of the grave mound remains unknown. In the letter by von Friesen the grave field is described as being located east of Lokrume church. There are many grave mounds (rösen) and other stone settings registered in the Tomase area. One group of those stone settings and perhaps a grave field are situated between 500 and 800 m east of the church and between 100 and 500 m north of Tomase gård; a second group lies between 300 and 500 m south of the church. \n\nAccording to Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 40, 47–48, 58–61; 1964), picture stones of the cist stone Type were originally used either pairwise representing grave markers or, as in the case of Tomase II–V, in a group of four that form cist-shaped (grave or sacrificial) monuments. However, all known cist stones have been discovered in secondary contexts (Stenkvist 2014). "
},
{
"type": "resource",
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"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
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"display_title": "GP 242 Lokrume Tomase IV",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2289",
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"display_title": "GP 243 Lokrume Tomase V",
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"@value": "“Limestone slab, up to 15 cm thick. The obverse is reasonably even but covered with small bumps. Obviously, the obverse has not been hewn. The narrow sides are rounded towards the back, the reverse is rough and unworked. The stone’s total height is 75 cm, the width 89 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 100). The bottom edge is roughly rectangular and almost completely preserved; the root, however, is not clearly separated from the rest of the stone. Of the cist-stone’s typical wave-shaped upper edge only the right protruding corner is broken off. The surface is heavily weathered. "
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"type": "literal",
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"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
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"@value": "No remains of carvings discernable. "
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"ai2:interpretations": [
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"type": "literal",
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"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
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"@value": "No interpretation"
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"ai2:typeAndDating": [
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"type": "literal",
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"property_label": "Type and Dating",
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"@value": "The typical outline of a small gable-like slab with wave-shaped upper edge, a so-called cist stone, is largely preserved. Most of those stones represent late-type picture stones, belonging to ʻAbschnittʼ C/D or E according to Lindqvist. There is only a very small group of Type B cist stones known to date (see in particular Halla Broa V–VI). Rundkvist (2012, p. 154) labels the Tomase stone as Type B (AD 500–700) but Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 48) as Type C picture stone. Lindqvist dated his ʻAbschnittʼ C to the time around AD 700. Recent research, however, dates the stones of this type between the 8th and the 11th century. With a total height of 75 cm the slab is a bit too large to be a Type B monument."
},
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"display_title": "GP 144 Halla Broa V",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2191",
"value_resource_id": 2191,
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"url": "/s/index/item/2191",
"display_title": "GP 145 Halla Broa VI",
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"property_label": "Lindqvist Type",
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"@value": "B (ca. 500-700)"
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"property_label": "Lindqvist Type",
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"@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)"
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"property_label": "Lindqvist Type Note",
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"@value": "Kiststen"
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"ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [
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"type": "customvocab:5",
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"property_label": "Runic Inscription or not",
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"@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 48; II, pp. 99–100, fig. 455; 1964, p. 68; Böhner 1968, pp. 188–189; Rundkvist 2012, pp. 151, 154; Stenkvist 2014 I, pp. 32–34, 43; II, pp. 18, fig. 29; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 13, 393. "
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"@value": "Lokrume, Tomase III"
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"property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID",
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"@value": "173c"
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"ai2:shmID": [
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"property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID",
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"@value": "11695:3"
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"@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffad i en kantkedja till en gravhög nära gården Tomase i Lokrume socken. Äldsta dokumentation är ett foto från 1902. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStatens Historiska Museums magasin, Tumba. \n\nBeskrivning \nEn kiststen tillhörande ett kistformat monument tillsammans med Lokrume Tomase II-IV-V (period C-D). Stenen, som är 75 cm hög och 89 cm bred, har en vågformad överdel, men bilder och dekor saknas. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men den tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA "
}
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"@value": "6581391"
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"@value": "675775"
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 349,
"property_label": "Path to download",
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"@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgCwX1ddudCsTIIxbrf1SZiiAUUIGBq7J4qA7QDJGa1MAYY?e=BwVyON"
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"o:title": "GP 239 Lokrume Tomase I"
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2286",
"o:title": "GP 240 Lokrume Tomase II"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2288",
"o:title": "GP 242 Lokrume Tomase IV"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2289",
"o:title": "GP 243 Lokrume Tomase V"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2290",
"o:title": "GP 244 Lokrume kyrka"
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"ai2:modelVisualizes": [
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4773",
"o:title": "3D model for GP0241"
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"o:id": 2288,
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"o:title": "GP 242 Lokrume Tomase IV",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/4265",
"o:id": 4265
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"o:media": [
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"@value": "GP 242 Lokrume Tomase IV"
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"property_id": 10,
"property_label": "Identifier",
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"@value": "GP0242"
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],
"ai2:urlLinks": [
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"type": "uri",
"property_id": 316,
"property_label": "Links",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25",
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"type": "literal",
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"property_label": "Find Location",
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"@value": "A grave mound near Tomase gård in Lokrume parish. "
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"property_label": "Find Context Classification",
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"@value": "Grave"
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 293,
"property_label": "Parish Find Location",
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"@value": "Lokrume"
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],
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 292,
"property_label": "Finding Place Name",
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"@value": "Lokrume Tomase"
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"ai2:findLocationContext": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 291,
"property_label": "Find Context",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Tomase 1-5 återfanns av Wennersten vid foten av en gravhög med 15 m diameter."
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],
"ai2:grave": [
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"property_id": 306,
"property_label": "Grave or Not",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Yes"
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"type": "customvocab:6",
"property_id": 332,
"property_label": "Present Location Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "SHM Storage"
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"ai2:presentLocationName": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 314,
"property_label": "Present Location Name",
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"@value": "SHM"
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"ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [
{
"type": "literal",
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"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
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"@value": "“The stones [GP 239–243 Lokrume Tomase I–V] of which II–V apparently together formed a cist-like monument, while No. I probably belonged to another monument of similar shape – were retrieved by O. V. Wennersten and sent to SHM. He found them, along with several other stone slabs, which cannot be identified with certainty as belonging to the group of picture stones, at the foot of a burial mound of approximately 15 m in diameter. The stones had formed a kerb. Some of them, among them Nos I and II, still stood in an upright position, while others, such as Nos III–V, appear to have fallen outwards, due to the pressure of the masses of earth from the mound. Not only this remarkable enclosure, but also large parts of the mound, however, had been severely damaged [and obviously robbed] in Antiquity. There was no possibility to determine the age of the site. About this, see Wennersten’s report in ATA” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 99). \n\nIn ATA, however, only a sketch of the find situation dating to 1911 and a letter from Wennersten as well as a letter from Otto von Friesen about a grave field at Tomase (both dating 1902) can be found (ATA, Go Lokrume sn K–O). The letters do not provide any more information about the picture stones and the grave mound. The 1911 drawing shows the position of the picture stones and other stone slabs, building a half circle which surrounds and edges the north-western part of the mound. Furthermore, the archive keeps photos of the stones in situ, taken by Otto von Friesen in 1902, showing them in a row with their upper edges standing out of the ground. One of the photos, however, depicts one of the picture stones being unearthed. These pictures are labelled as Lokrume ʻKroksʼ, which is the name of a neighbouring farm (ATA, Fasta fornlämningar Lokrume sn, Lokrume sn Kroks, foto 1838:33; 626:25–26). Photos of all stones were taken by Faith-Ell in 1933 (ATA, run- och bildstenssamlingen, foto 1718:4–8; cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, fig. 455–459). \n\nThe location of the grave mound remains unknown. In the letter by von Friesen the grave field is described as being located east of Lokrume church. There are many grave mounds (rösen) and other stone settings registered in the Tomase area. One group of those stone settings and perhaps a grave field are situated between 500 and 800 m east of the church and between 100 and 500 m north of Tomase gård; a second group lies between 300 and 500 m south of the church. \n\nAccording to Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 40, 47–48, 58–61; 1964), picture stones of the cist stone Type were originally used either pairwise representing grave markers or, as in the case of Tomase II–V, in a group of four that form cist-shaped (grave or sacrificial) monuments. However, all known cist stones have been discovered in secondary contexts (Stenkvist 2014). "
},
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2285",
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"url": "/s/index/item/2285",
"display_title": "GP 239 Lokrume Tomase I",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2286",
"value_resource_id": 2286,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2286",
"display_title": "GP 240 Lokrume Tomase II",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2287",
"value_resource_id": 2287,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2287",
"display_title": "GP 241 Lokrume Tomase III",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7ae4cee5c1aa06aff6d2d597af9e83a114731242.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0241.jpg",
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"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2289",
"value_resource_id": 2289,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2289",
"display_title": "GP 243 Lokrume Tomase V",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b124c87642be2aa9890f56b917fd5ecde5bd9bde.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0243.jpg",
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 283,
"property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition",
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"@value": "“Limestone slab, up to 13 cm thick. The obverse is naturally even, rather pitted and not hewn. The narrow sides are chamfered towards the back or rounded. The reverse is rough and unworked. The stone’s total height is 75 cm, the width 88 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 100). The bottom edge is roughly rectangular and almost completely preserved; the root, however, is not clearly separated from the rest of the stone. Originally, the cist-stone had a typical wave-shaped upper edge. However, parts of both the middle arch and the left protruding corner are broken off. The surface is heavily weathered. "
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],
"ai2:dimensionsHeight": [
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"type": "literal",
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"property_label": "Height",
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"@value": "75"
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"property_label": "Width",
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"@value": "88"
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"property_label": "Thickness",
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"@value": "13"
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"ai2:material": [
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"property_label": "Material",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Limestone"
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"ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 284,
"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "No remains of carvings discernable. "
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"ai2:interpretations": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
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"@value": "No interpretation"
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"ai2:typeAndDating": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "The typical outline of a small gable-like slab with wave-shaped upper edge, a so-called cist stone, is partly preserved. Most of those stones represent late-type picture stones, belonging to ʻAbschnittʼ C/D or E according to Lindqvist. There is only a very small number of Type B cist stones known to date (see in particular Halla Broa V–VI). Rundkvist (2012, p. 154) labels the Tomase stone as Type B (AD 500–700) but Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 48) as Type C picture stone. Lindqvist dated his ʻAbschnittʼ C to the time around AD 700. Recent research, however, dates the stones of this type between the 8th and the 11th century. With a total height of 75 cm the slab is a bit too large to be a Type B monument. "
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2190",
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"url": "/s/index/item/2190",
"display_title": "GP 144 Halla Broa V",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ca211887faad2444d4e2935a657ba14141c5696a.jpg",
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{
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"property_label": "Type and Dating",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2191",
"value_resource_id": 2191,
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"url": "/s/index/item/2191",
"display_title": "GP 145 Halla Broa VI",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ef70a54a3f72a598d697b65669ed660577418999.jpg",
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"@value": "Cist stone"
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"property_label": "Path to download",
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"@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgBS0dXHPVXVR45ZxBfFGMGYAefVpDCQ2QHqFTuZdFKHL9g?e=z1BxQ0"
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"o:title": "GP 240 Lokrume Tomase II"
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{
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{
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"o:id": 2289,
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"property_id": 10,
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"ai2:urlLinks": [
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"type": "uri",
"property_id": 316,
"property_label": "Links",
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"@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25",
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"@value": "A grave mound near Tomase gård in Lokrume parish. "
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"property_label": "Find Context Classification",
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"@value": "Grave"
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 293,
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"@value": "Lokrume"
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"@value": "Tomase 1-5 återfanns av Wennersten vid foten av en gravhög med 15 m diameter."
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"ai2:grave": [
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"@value": "SHM Storage"
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"@value": "“The stones [GP 239–243 Lokrume Tomase I–V] of which II–V apparently together formed a cist-like monument, while No. I probably belonged to another monument of similar shape – were retrieved by O. V. Wennersten and sent to SHM. He found them, along with several other stone slabs, which cannot be identified with certainty as belonging to the group of picture stones, at the foot of a burial mound of approximately 15 m in diameter. The stones had formed a kerb. Some of them, among them Nos I and II, still stood in an upright position, while others, such as Nos III–V, appear to have fallen outwards, due to the pressure of the masses of earth from the mound. Not only this remarkable enclosure, but also great parts of the mound, however, had been severely damaged [and obviously robbed] in Antiquity. There was no possibility to determine the age of the site. About this, see Wennersten’s report in ATA” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 99). \n\nIn ATA, however, only a sketch of the find situation dating to 1911 and a letter from Wennersten as well as a letter from Otto von Friesen about a grave field at Tomase (both dating 1902) can be found (ATA, Go Lokrume sn K–O). The letters do not provide any more information about the picture stones and the grave mound. The 1911 drawing shows the position of the picture stones and other stone slabs, building a half circle which surrounds and edges the north-western part of the mound. Furthermore, the archive keeps photos of the stones in situ, taken by Otto von Friesen in 1902, showing them in a row with their upper edges standing out of the ground. One of the photos, however, depicts one of the picture stones being unearthed. These pictures are labelled as Lokrume ʻKroksʼ, which is the name of a neighbouring farm (ATA, Fasta fornlämningar Lokrume sn, Lokrume sn Kroks, foto 1838:33; 626:25–26). Photos of all stones were taken by Faith-Ell in 1933 (ATA, run- och bildstenssamlingen, foto 1718:4–8; cf. Lindqvist 1941/42 II, fig. 455–459). \n\nThe location of the grave mound remains unknown. In the letter by von Friesen the grave field is described as being located east of Lokrume church. There are many grave mounds (rösen) and other stone settings registered in the Tomase area. One group of those stone settings and perhaps a grave field are situated between 500 and 800 m east of the church and between 100 and 500 m north of Tomase gård; a second group lies between 300 and 500 m south of the church. \n\nAccording to Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 40, 47–48, 58–61; 1964), picture stones of the cist stone Type were originally used either pairwise representing grave markers or, as in the case of Tomase II–V, in a group of four that form cist-shaped (grave or sacrificial) monuments. However, all known cist stones have been discovered in secondary contexts (Stenkvist 2014). "
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"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2285",
"display_title": "GP 239 Lokrume Tomase I",
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"display_title": "GP 241 Lokrume Tomase III",
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"thumbnail_title": "GP0241.jpg",
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"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
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"value_resource_id": 2288,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2288",
"display_title": "GP 242 Lokrume Tomase IV",
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"property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition",
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"property_id": 298,
"property_label": "Height",
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"@value": "87"
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"property_label": "Width",
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"@value": "74"
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"property_id": 301,
"property_label": "Material",
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"@value": "Limestone"
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 284,
"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
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"@value": "No remains of carvings discernable. "
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"ai2:interpretations": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
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"@value": "No interpretation"
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"ai2:typeAndDating": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
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"@value": "The typical outline of a small gable-like slab with wave-shaped upper edge, a so-called cist stone, is partly preserved. Most of those stones represent late-type picture stones, belonging to ʻAbschnittʼ C/D or E according to Lindqvist. There is only a very small number of Type B cist stones known to date (see in particular Halla Broa V–VI). Rundkvist (2012, p. 154) labels the Tomase stone as Type B (AD 500–700) but Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 48) as Type C picture stone. Lindqvist dated his ʻAbschnittʼ C to the time around AD 700. Recent research, however, dates the stones of this type between the 8th and the 11th century. With a total height of 87 cm the slab is a bit too large to be a Type B monument. "
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"property_label": "Type and Dating",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2190",
"value_resource_id": 2190,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2190",
"display_title": "GP 144 Halla Broa V",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ca211887faad2444d4e2935a657ba14141c5696a.jpg",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2191",
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"url": "/s/index/item/2191",
"display_title": "GP 145 Halla Broa VI",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ef70a54a3f72a598d697b65669ed660577418999.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0145.jpg",
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"property_id": 305,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Shape",
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"@value": "Cist stone"
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"property_id": 303,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Type",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "B (ca. 500-700)"
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{
"type": "customvocab:2",
"property_id": 303,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Type",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)"
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"ai2:typeLindqvistNote": [
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"property_id": 304,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Type Note",
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"@value": "Kiststen"
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"ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [
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"type": "customvocab:5",
"property_id": 317,
"property_label": "Runic Inscription or not",
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"@value": "No"
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"ai2:references": [
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"property_id": 288,
"property_label": "References",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 48; II, pp. 99–100, fig. 457; 1964, p. 68; Böhner 1968, pp. 188–189; Rundkvist 2012, pp. 151, 154; Stenkvist 2014 I, pp. 32–34, 43; II, pp. 19, fig. 25; Oehrl 2019a, pp. 13, 393. "
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"property_label": "Lindqvist Title",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4775",
"value_resource_id": 4775,
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"url": "/s/index/item/4775",
"display_title": "3D model for GP0243",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0243_RGB.nxz",
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"property_id": 308,
"property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID",
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"@value": "173e"
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"property_id": 311,
"property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID",
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"property_label": "Path to download",
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"@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgC6EYmS0_tMQaSBQTSw8IoSAeQ8UYQbei0ycYahjraT_Ek?e=dekMp1"
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"o:title": "GP 240 Lokrume Tomase II"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2287",
"o:title": "GP 241 Lokrume Tomase III"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2288",
"o:title": "GP 242 Lokrume Tomase IV"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2290",
"o:title": "GP 244 Lokrume kyrka"
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"o:id": 2297,
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"o:id": 1
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"type": "uri",
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"@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25",
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"type": "literal",
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"@value": "At the outer edge of a mound belonging to the property of Norder-Ire gård, Lärbro parish."
}
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"ai2:findLocationClassification": [
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"type": "customvocab:7",
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"@value": "Återfanns vid ett husbygge på tidigare ängsmark."
}
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"@value": "No"
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"@value": "SHM Storage"
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"type": "literal",
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"@value": "The only brief reports about the find are given by Oscar Wennersten in the newspaper Gotlands Allehanda, Christmas issue 1913, and in the catalogue of Statens Historiska Museum in Stockholm (dnr 412/763-1913). Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 89) notes that GP 249 Norder-Ire I “was found in the summer of 1913 during foundation works for a small house at the outer edge of a mound in a former meadow. After the find was reported by the farmer Karl Andersson, the find place was examined by Wennersten, who subsequently in the autumn of the same year discovered the other stones (GP 250 Norder-Ire II, GP 251 Norder-Ire III, GP 265 Norder-Ire IV, and GP 266 Norder-Ire [V]) during his investigations along the side of the building where No. I had come to light. Whether the mound was of natural or artificial origin could not be determined.” The place where the stones were found was called ʻNorder-Ire Torgʼ by the local population. Eight further small fragments of an apparently worked limestone slab, which were uncovered during Wennersten’s investigation as well, were interpreted by Jan Peder Lamm (Lamm/Nylén 2003, p. 190) as a fifth picture stone (GP 266 Norder-Ire [V]). Furthermore, two fragments of a grinding stone were discovered together with the picture stones. \nSO"
},
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"display_title": "GP 249 Lärbro Norder-Ire I",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/5d1306a11ddd49fc185a7d73c16d48f39158528c.jpg",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2296",
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"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/37e5403f7590b75d8507373f3bb1f1b6d2db9fb0.jpg",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2311",
"value_resource_id": 2311,
"value_resource_name": "items",
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"display_title": "GP 265 Lärbro Norder-Ire IV",
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"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2312",
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"display_title": "GP 266 Lärbro Norder-Ire (V)"
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"ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 283,
"property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition",
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"@value": "“Limestone slab, up to 10 cm thick. The surface is smooth, but rather rough and uneven, the longer narrow side is hewn approximately at right angles towards the obverse and irregularly convex lengthwise. The reverse is rough and unworked. The stone’s height is 79 cm, its width 39 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 89). The fragment is roughly rectangular; only one long side preserves the stone’s original hewn edge. The material is rough, with many bigger inclusions. \nSO"
}
],
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"@value": "79"
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"@value": "39"
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"@value": "10"
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{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 284,
"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "An approximately 9 cm wide border panel runs parallel to the upper edge of the stone. Due to the severe weathering on the stone, the decoration appears slightly distorted and is not visible in some places. The frame of the border panel begins 2 cm in from the upper edge of the stone and is defined on the top by three thinly incised grooves. The space between these grooves creates two raised bands that are each approximately 1.2 cm wide. The lower edge of the frame is defined by two thinly incised grooves that are similarly spaced. The design within the border panel is approximately 4.6 cm wide and consists of what Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 89) describes as a chord pattern (Schnurmuster) that “is executed in shallow, wide lines”. This “chord pattern” cannot be determined based on the previous photo documentation, neither based on Lindqvist’s photo nor on those kept in ATA (594:7b [1925]; 1751:8 [Faith-Ell 1933]). The unpublished drawing by Olof Sörling from 1914, however, which is kept in ATA (Run- och bildstenssamling) as well, depicts a geometricized twisted cord. It was verified for the first time by Anders Larsen (2009, p. 34) by applying 3D technology. \nCJL/SO "
}
],
"ai2:interpretations": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "No interpretation"
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"ai2:typeAndDating": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
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"@value": "Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 28, 31–33, 110) categorized Lärbro Norder-Ire III as a kerbstone (Randstein) that he includes within his ʻAbschnittʼ A which dates to circa AD 400–600 (see also Oehrl 2019a, pp. 8–10). Lärbro Norder-Ire III is assigned by Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 28, 33) to his group 4 kerbstones which he determined to have a knitting pattern (Strickmuster). Lindqvist also included GP 135 Hablingbo Havor IV, GP 137 Hablingbo Havor VI, and GP 206 Hogrän kyrka II in this category, but it should be noted that there is a lot of variation among the “knitting pattern” designs on these stones. According to Lindqvist (1933, pp. 105, 107; 1941/1942 I, pp. 21, 31–33), the kerbstones formed an edge chain which surrounded a grave mound, possibly with an erected Type A picture stone in the center. However, no evidence has been found to confirm that any of the erected Type A picture stones were placed within a grave mound (Larkin 2023a, p. 50). \n\nThe border decoration documented by O. Sörling in 1914 (see VI), however, does not occur in ʻAbschnittʼ A. It is only depicted on GP 262 Lärbro kyrka, a particularly strange and unique monument, apparently combining different styles, which cannot be assigned to ʻAbschnittʼ A with certainty. Instead, the pattern represents the most common and typical decoration on the Type B picture stones, dating to AD 500 to 700. According to Lindqvist, however, ʻkerbstonesʼ are restricted to ʻAbschnittʼ A. Therefore, Anders Larsen (2009, p. 34) considers that Lärbro Norder-Ire III could represent a Type B ʻcist stoneʼ instead, similar to GP 144 Halla Broa V and GP 145 Halla Broa VI. The geometricized twisted chord pattern is used only occasionally on late-type picture stones – GP 149 Halla Broa IX and perhaps GP 150 Halla Broa XVI, in both cases representing the horizontal border on the bottom of the decorated surface. \nCJL/SO "
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"display_title": "GP 135 Hablingbo Havor IV",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2183",
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"display_title": "GP 137 Hablingbo Havor VI",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2252",
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"display_title": "GP 206 Hogrän kyrka II",
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"thumbnail_title": "GP0206.jpg",
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"display_title": "GP 262 Lärbro kyrka",
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{
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2190",
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"value_resource_name": "items",
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"display_title": "GP 144 Halla Broa V",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2191",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2195",
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"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2195",
"display_title": "GP 149 Halla Broa IX",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/dee08f2d52773427a99fc66c4cb90a4a0c103ccc.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0149.jpg",
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"property_label": "Type and Dating",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2196",
"value_resource_id": 2196,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2196",
"display_title": "GP 150 Halla Broa XVI",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/8bb5ab1fc0ac61f6dfc7a95ab3642d6c160035c1.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0150.jpg",
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"@value": "Kerb stone"
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"type": "customvocab:3",
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"property_label": "Lindqvist Shape",
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"@value": "Cist stone"
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"property_label": "Lindqvist Type",
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"@value": "A (ca. 400-600)"
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{
"type": "customvocab:2",
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"property_label": "Lindqvist Type",
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"@value": "B (ca. 500-700)"
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"property_label": "Lindqvist Type Note",
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"@value": "Kantsten?"
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"property_label": "Runic Inscription or not",
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"@value": "No"
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"type": "literal",
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"property_label": "References",
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"@value": "Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 28; II, p. 89, fig. 445; Larsen 2009, p. 34, fig. 31. "
}
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"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/application/asset/thumbnails/default.png",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0251_RGB.nxz",
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"property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "179"
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{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 311,
"property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "15099:3"
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{
"type": "literal",
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"property_label": "Swedish Summary",
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"@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1913 vid efterundersökning av husbygge i kanten av en hög i ett tidigare änge tillhörande gården Norder Ire. Vid undersökningen påträffades GP 249, 250, 265 och 266 Lärbro Norder-Ire I-II, IV-V vid samma hög. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStatens Historiska Museum, magasinet i Tumba \n\nBeskrivning \nRektangulärt fragment av en trolig liten bildsten (period B), 79 cm hög och största bredd 39 cm. Mycket väderbiten, med spår av bandmönster. \n\nDatering \nKan inte dateras med säkerhet, tillhör perioden 500-600-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA "
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"@value": "6581391"
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"@value": "675775"
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"property_label": "Path to download",
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"@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgC9kBnpBge0RKaRmGwGEwcCAcfjuN9WUAnDM6M_HoYFR6Q?e=JGtUVF"
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"o:title": "GP 265 Lärbro Norder-Ire IV"
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"o:title": "GP 266 Lärbro Norder-Ire (V)"
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"o:title": "GP 135 Hablingbo Havor IV"
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2183",
"o:title": "GP 137 Hablingbo Havor VI"
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"o:title": "GP 206 Hogrän kyrka II"
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"o:title": "GP 249 Lärbro Norder-Ire I"
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2311",
"o:title": "GP 265 Lärbro Norder-Ire IV"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2312",
"o:title": "GP 266 Lärbro Norder-Ire (V)"
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"o:title": "GP 28 Bara Nederbjärs II",
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"@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime"
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"o:id": 2
}
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 1,
"property_label": "Title",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "GP 28 Bara Nederbjärs II"
}
],
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{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 10,
"property_label": "Identifier",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "GP0028"
}
],
"ai2:urlLinks": [
{
"type": "uri",
"property_id": 316,
"property_label": "Links",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25",
"o:label": "ATA"
}
],
"ai2:findLocation": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 280,
"property_label": "Find Location",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "In a 19th century stone enclosure near Nederbjärs gård, Bara parish (today Hörsne parish). "
}
],
"ai2:findLocationClassification": [
{
"type": "customvocab:7",
"property_id": 318,
"property_label": "Find Context Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Private Property"
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"ai2:findLocationParish": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 293,
"property_label": "Parish Find Location",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Bara"
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"ai2:findingPlaceName": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 292,
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"is_public": true,
"@value": "Bara Nederbjärs"
}
],
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 291,
"property_label": "Find Context",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Fragment funnet av Nordin 1918 i en stenhägnad (hage) nära bildsten GP 27."
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationClassification": [
{
"type": "customvocab:6",
"property_id": 332,
"property_label": "Present Location Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg"
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationName": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 314,
"property_label": "Present Location Name",
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"@value": "Magasin Visborg"
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{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
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"@value": "The fragment was found by Fredrik Nordin in 1918, as part of the stone enclosure, which is located right next to the re-erected picture stone GP 27 Bara Nederbjärs I (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 27). The place, called ʻTungardsplats,ʼ is situated circa 125 m north of the manor house of Nederbjärs (Nedbjärs) gård in Bara parish (today belonging to Hörsne parish), just north of the road between Hörsne and Källunge, near Simunde gård. According to the modern inscription on GP 27 Bara Nederbjärs I, a Tun [i.e., an enclosure] was built in 1840 and the monument itself erected on this same occasion. The stone wall right next to the picture stone probably represents the mentioned Tun or at least a part of it. Therefore, it seems plausible that GP28 Bara Nederbjärs II was incorporated into the stone enclosure at the same time. There are also two stones with grinding grooves (sliprännor), which have been re-used as building material and incorporated into the wall (Stenkvist 2014 II, p. 7). \n\nAccording to Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 40, 47–48, 58–61; 1964), picture stones like GP 28 Bara Nederbjärs II (so-called cist stones, see V and IX) were used either in pairs, representing grave markers, or in a group of four, forming cist-shaped (grave or sacrificial) monuments. However, it must be stressed that all known cist stones have been discovered in secondary contexts (Stenkvist 2014). "
},
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"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2074",
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"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2074",
"display_title": "GP 27 Bara Nederbjärs I",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ebe207d74d79a539cacc21cf071c2c62c0e1be16.jpg",
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"ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 283,
"property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Roughly square fragment of a limestone slab, which is about 13 cm thick. “The obverse naturally even, the narrow sides at right angles to the obverse, roughly hewn and chamfered towards the back. The reverse is unworked. The longest broken edge [i.e., the bottom edge of the fragment] is 50 cm long, the one running at right angles to it [i.e., the right short side of the fragment] is 35 cm” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 27–28). The angled left short side, which preserves the original edge of the monument, is about 48 cm long. The upper part of the fragment also preserves the original edge, probably including the left corner extension of a wave-shaped monument, a so-called cist stone (see IX). "
}
],
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 298,
"property_label": "Height",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "48"
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"property_id": 299,
"property_label": "Width",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "52"
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"ai2:material": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 301,
"property_label": "Material",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Limestone"
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"ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 284,
"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "“The decoration, obviously executed with little skill, consists of lines and slightly carved background fields and is difficult to disentangle today. It creates the impression, however, that the field includes the image of a deer or elk with long, backwards-turned antlers. […] In the border, very faint traces of a band pattern on a carved background can be made out” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 28). \n\nOn a few Type B dwarf stones, deer representations can be seen. GP 74 Endre skog depicts a red deer over which an intertwined snake is positioned. GP 551 Väskinde Butter depicts a red deer stag eating a serpent. Probably another deer, but without snakes, is shown on the Type B picture stone GP 215 Kräklingbo Smiss IV. There are, however, at least two late-type picture stones with deer depictions: on GP 98 Garda kyrka II there are two facing moose, which have a figure-eight-shaped loop – maybe a snake? (Nordland 1949, p. 120; Hartner 1969, p. 66–67; Heizmann/Steuer 1999, p. 601) – between their mouths; and depicted on the Type C/D cist stone GP 195 Hellvi Ire 6 are two hunters with lance and sword, fighting a large red deer stag. "
},
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"type": "resource",
"property_id": 284,
"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2121",
"value_resource_id": 2121,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2121",
"display_title": "GP 74 Endre skog",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/385997197feacf40f30834dbce85a832140ead51.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0074.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
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"type": "resource",
"property_id": 284,
"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2595",
"value_resource_id": 2595,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2595",
"display_title": "GP 551 Väskinde Butter",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/57e158245e1d986790d9dc9f6dde9ca09c6e4e1d.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0551.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
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"type": "resource",
"property_id": 284,
"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2261",
"value_resource_id": 2261,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2261",
"display_title": "GP 215 Kräklingbo Smiss IV",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ef13e9c60ce0dff7f284a626b2399cb07717f44b.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0215.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
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{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 284,
"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2145",
"value_resource_id": 2145,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2145",
"display_title": "GP 98 Garda kyrka II",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e13715dd8b6e066fe9667f0ebd68303d13d6cc48.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GF_kyrkoinventarier_Garde_del2_2003-2004_no168.pdf",
"thumbnail_type": "application/pdf"
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{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 284,
"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2241",
"value_resource_id": 2241,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2241",
"display_title": "GP0195"
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"type": "literal",
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"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
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"@value": "For the interpretation of deer depictions and, in particular, the (Christian) deer-and-serpent motif on Type B picture stones see GP 551 Väskinde Butter. For a hunting-related depiction see GP 195 Hellvi Ire 6. "
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2595",
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"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2595",
"display_title": "GP 551 Väskinde Butter",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/57e158245e1d986790d9dc9f6dde9ca09c6e4e1d.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0551.jpg",
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{
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"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
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"value_resource_name": "items",
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"@value": "“The two preserved parts of the stone’s original narrow sides […] possibly formed the upper left corner of a picture stone of the cist type, which had vertical sides that converged towards the top” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 28). Most of those small gavel-like slabs with wave-shaped upper edge, so-called cist stones, represent late-type monuments, belonging to ʻAbschnittʼ C/D or E according to Lindqvist. There are only a few Type B cist stones known to date (see in particular GP 144–145 Halla Broa V–VI). Deer motifs occur on Type B dwarf stones as well as the Type C/D cist stone GP 195 Hellvi Ire 6 and the late-type picture stone GP 98 Garda kyrka II (see VI). The fragment from Nederbjärs most likely represents a late-type monument, since it is too large to be a Type B cist stone. Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 44) assigns it to ʻAbschnittʼ C, which he dates to around AD 700. According to recent research, however, those stones (Type C/D) can only be roughly dated to between the 8th century and the 10th century. "
},
{
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"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2190",
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"display_title": "GP 144 Halla Broa V",
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"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
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"thumbnail_title": "GP0145.jpg",
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"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
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"value_resource_id": 2241,
"value_resource_name": "items",
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"type": "resource",
"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
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"display_title": "GP 98 Garda kyrka II",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e13715dd8b6e066fe9667f0ebd68303d13d6cc48.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GF_kyrkoinventarier_Garde_del2_2003-2004_no168.pdf",
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"property_id": 305,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Shape",
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"@value": "Cist stone"
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"property_label": "Lindqvist Type",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)"
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"ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [
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"type": "customvocab:5",
"property_id": 317,
"property_label": "Runic Inscription or not",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "No"
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"ai2:references": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 288,
"property_label": "References",
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"property_id": 328,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Title",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Bara, Nederbjärs II"
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"ai2:gotlandsmuseumID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 312,
"property_label": "Gotlands Museum ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "GFC4640"
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"ai2:model3D": [
{
"type": "resource:item",
"property_id": 344,
"property_label": "3D model",
"is_public": true,
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"thumbnail_title": "GP0028_RGB.nxz",
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 308,
"property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID",
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"@value": "22"
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"ai2:limestoneType": [
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"property_id": 325,
"property_label": "Limestone Type",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "coarse reef debris limestone"
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"ai2:geologicalGroup": [
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"property_id": 326,
"property_label": "Geological Group",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Slite Group (30%)"
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"ai2:summarySwedish": [
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"property_label": "Swedish Summary",
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"@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades på 1918 i en stengärdsgård vid GP 27 Bara Nederbjärs I. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museums magasin, Visborgsslätt \n\nBeskrivning \nNästan kvadratiskt fragment (50 x 48 cm) av en liten kiststen (period C-D). Spår av kantornament samt en bild av en hjort eller älg med horn. \n\nDatering \nKiststenen kan inte dateras med säkerhet, men bör tillhöra tiden 700-1000-talen (vikingatiden). \n\nTolkning \nHjortdjuret kan syfta på jakt eller vara en kristen symbol. \n\nAA "
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"property_label": "Swedish Summary",
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"property_label": "Iconographic Keywords",
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{
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"property_id": 324,
"property_label": "Iconographic Keywords",
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"@value": "antlers"
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 289,
"property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)",
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 290,
"property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)",
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"property_id": 296,
"property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)",
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"@value": "695514"
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 349,
"property_label": "Path to download",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgA4HDLQD5_sTaxL96fOy2sgAYXEw95RcZ6XNjBO5xiSJIQ?e=yqDcEH"
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"ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [
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],
"ai2:interpretations": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2121",
"o:title": "GP 74 Endre skog"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2595",
"o:title": "GP 551 Väskinde Butter"
}
],
"ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2145",
"o:title": "GP 98 Garda kyrka II"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2261",
"o:title": "GP 215 Kräklingbo Smiss IV"
}
],
"ai2:summarySwedish": [
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2595",
"o:title": "GP 551 Väskinde Butter"
}
],
"ai2:modelVisualizes": [
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"o:title": "3D model for GP0028"
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"o:item": {
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"o-module-mapping:lat": 57.59043182675236,
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"@context": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context",
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"o:id": 2050,
"o:is_public": true,
"o:owner": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1",
"o:id": 1
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"o:resource_class": {
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"o:id": 32
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"o:resource_template": {
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"o:id": 2
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"o:title": "GP 3 Alskog kyrka",
"thumbnail_display_urls": {
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"@value": "The picture stone was found in 1850 by Per Arvid Säve (Säve 1852). It was positioned in the church ‘as a common flagstone’. In 1873, it was transferred to Stockholm and brought to SHM (Lindqvist 1941/1942 II, 13)."
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"@value": "Stone of the type that Lindqvist referred to as cist stone, i.e. a trapezoidal monument with a wave-shaped upper edge. This stone was worked into a roughly rectangular slab in order to fit into the church floor.\nSune Lindqvist describes the stone as follows (Lindqvist 1941/1942 II, p. 13): ‘Limestone slab, 15 cm thick. The obverse is naturally smooth and now largely worn down by footsteps. Of the original narrow sides, only one piece of 7 cm length is preserved, 19–26 cm away from the present upper right corner: the section of the upper edge that is curved furthest down, inside of the right corner post. The narrow side is carefully flattened here at right angles towards the obverse for a width of at least 8 cm. The reverse is raw and unworked. In order to be used as a base for a baptismal font, the stone has been trimmed all around into an almost square shape (height 105–108 cm, width 112–114 cm), and in the slab’s middle, there has been made a cuplike depression of 23 cm width with a hole in its bottom that penetrates the stone. The cup damaged parts of the image field and of the horizontal border that forms the lower limit. Also, the size of the image panel was decreased by the trimming of the edge of the left narrow side, albeit mostly towards the bottom and to some extent also at the middle of the upper edge. Apart from this, the secondary trimming of the edges significantly affected the border, which is 13 cm wide at the surviving section of the upper edge. At the extreme right, the height of the image field is 48 cm, 10 cm further to the left, it is 45 cm, in the middle, at least 57 cm. Its upper width probably survived almost entirely: 100 cm; at the bottom, it can be calculated to have been about 110 cm. The lower horizontal border is about 12 cm wide, including the straight upper band defining it.\nThe rich decoration is defined by grooves for contour lines, carved up to 2 mm deep and wedge-shaped in cross section, after which the background field was chiselled.’\n\nIn the early 2020s, the stone still carrys Lindqvist’s original painting; the lower, chiselled-out parts are painted black. \n\nSO / MH"
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"@value": "The structure of the rich imagery and the relationship between the figures is not immediately understandable. Sune Lindqvist chose to break down the imagery into eleven elements (Lindqvist 1941/1942 II pp. 13–15; cf. Oehrl 2009a). For reasons of comprehensibility, we follow Lindqvist’s categorisation and numbering. \nBorder ornament\n‘The pattern of the lower horizontal border is regularly composed of two parallel zigzag bands running in longitudinal direction, intersecting each other incessantly, and with a knot in each angle. At the very top, the right border features an animal in a figure-of-eight shape (cf. pattern “a” of the border of Ardre VIII). Below, a section of a two-stranded band pattern with [double] loops. The pattern of the upper border appears, despite being severely damaged, to have been of the same kind as “b” of Ardre VIII’ (Lindqvist 1941/1942 II, p. 13).\n\n1.\tBottom left: four-wheeled wagon \nLindqvist 1941/1942 II pp. 13–14: ‘Bottom left, a four-wheeled wagon. The front of the wagon’s body is cut off; the undercarriage is made up of two intersecting crossbeams and a rod below, which presumably is split at the rear and connects the axles. The wagon appears to be drawn by a horse, which, however, probably (just like each of the visible wheels) represents two, between which runs the almost horizontal part of the drawbar, which ascends from the front axle in an arc and disappears at the horse’s tail root. Further down, a straight band from the edge of the front wheel to the horse’s leg, which probably is supposed to represent a dragline attached to the front axle. Above the drawbar, a rein is running along the horse’s back and is held by the one person sitting in the front (of at least two travelling in the wagon); those persons presumably sit on a kind of padding (cushion? see scene 5), which is indicated by a row of short vertical lines. The front part of the rein is visible in front of the horse’s chest and appears to be attached to the extreme end of a long bit shank protruding downwards from the horse’s mouth. The approximately right angle between rein and shank seems to be divided in the middle by a strap of the same width, but this possibly is due only to a natural ridge in the background field that was chiselled away only insufficiently. The usually sharp angle between the lines of the back and the neck of the horse is replaced by a hump, only vaguely differentiated from the rein, on the front part of the horse’s back, presumably a saddle or a harness crook, more probably the former, as almost exactly beneath, a double band – stirrup leathers? – is protruding from the front part of the horse’s barrel. It is, at least, conceivable that this double band was connected to the badly damaged area of the background field seen slightly above the bottom edge of the image panel in front of the horse’s front hind leg. The double band can hardly represent the chest, while the latter area in all probability was supposed to depict the hoof of the horse’s foreleg, with its tread surface turned upwards.’\nWagons or carriages are also depicted on GP 231 Levide kyrka (I), GP 360 Sproge kyrka, and GP 71 Ekeby kyrka.\n\n2. Bottom, middle: Lying body and sitting woman under roof\nLindqvist 1941/1942 II p. 14: ‘At the bottom, directly to the right of the cup-like depression. Close to the bottom of the image panel, the lower half of a human body, in a horizontal position with the toes pointing downwards and probably clad in common male costume. The upper half of the body has been destroyed by the cup-like gouging. To the right, a woman, sitting in a Klotzstuhl [a chair worked in one piece from a tree trunk], turned towards the prostrate man. Above the man’s body, a three-pointed star or the head of a serpent attached to an arched roof (?) that is decorated with simplified twisted-cord pattern. The one surviving end of the roof, curving upwards, extends so far to the right that the sitting person appears to be supporting it with its neck and top knot.’\nWhat Lindqvist describes as a three-pointed star or the head of a serpent, has later been re-read as a large bird that puts his long neck through an opening and points its wide open beak into the inside of the house (Böttger-Niedenzu 1982, p. 73; Staecker 2004, 57; Oehrl 2009a, p. 543; Oehrl 2019a, p. 54). Oehrl describes this scenes as follows: ‘... partly damaged depiction of a building indicated by a convex roof. In a chair in its right corner sits a woman with long hair and a long dress. On the roof itself, a large, but incompletely-preserved bird can be seen that sticks its long neck through an opening, pointing its wide-open beak into the house’s interior. On the ground, in the centre of the room, lies another anthropomorphic figure, apparently a corpse. It is located just below the open beak and at the feet of the woman. The same motif – a long-necked bird stretching its head into a building in which a ruler is enthroned – can be seen on the stone GP 341 Sanda kyrka I. Here, a man and a woman are sitting opposite each other, with a warrior with a spear standing between them. In the destroyed left half of the room depicted on GP 3 Alskog kyrka, there probably once was also an enthroned male figure, like in the case of [GP 341 Sanda kyrka I]. While on the stone from Sanda the dead man is standing in front of the god’s throne to receive the spear, on the stone from Alskog kyrka, he is portrayed as a corpse’ (Oehrl, forthcoming).\nThe round chair shaped from a tree trunk (German ‘Klotzstuhl’; Sw. ‘kubbstol’) is a type of furniture known from ethnographic collections as well as from prehistory (Salin 1916, p. 78; Lindqvist/de Geer 1939). Similar chairs can be seen on the picture stones GP 341 Sanda kyrka I, GP 282 När Hallute (G 93) and GP 61 Buttle Änge. Lindqvist compared the chairs on the picture stones to a chair from Sauland in Norway, which he suggested might be a piece of Viking age furniture – however, it was dendrochronologically dated to late Middle Ages (Lindqvist/de Geer 1939, pp. 106, 122, 130). In an article about miniatures, Arrhenius mentioned Viking age miniature chairs made of silver, bronze and amber, found in graves, hoards and as loose finds. Up to the time of Arrhenius’ contribution, miniature chairs with round shape in burial context were known only from female graves, for example from Birka and Ihre on Gotland (Arrhenius 1961, p. 149–150). We may infer by their use as amulets or jewellery that such chairs carry some significant meaning. Arrhenius suggested that they are symbolic thrones for worldly or spiritual power (Arrhenius 1961, p. 156).\n\n3. Bottom right: Three walking men carrying tools or weapons\nLindqvist 1941/1942 II p. 14: ‘At the bottom, to the extreme right. Three men walking towards the right, with swords hanging from their belts and – at least the last man in the row – with two rods (spears?) on the shoulder. A rhombic area that does not touch the ground, as shown in [Olof Sörling’s] drawing, protrudes from the background behind the last of the walking men and to some degree joins the tip of his sword, so that one could imagine that the man is carrying a spade with a wide blade instead of a sword. There are better reasons, however, to regard the object on the shoulder of the man in the middle as a spade. In the same way, the foremost man possibly carries a tool with a curved upper end.’\nA similar scene with three walking men carrying items can – again be seen on GP 341 Sanda kyrka I.\n\n4. Top left: Fight \nLindqvist 1941/1942 II p. 14: ‘At the extreme top, left. A fight scene, the main characters of which are two men engaged in close combat. Each is holding a shield in front of himself. In the shield of the right man, who is stumbling backwards, four arrows or spears are lodged, two of which are pointed diagonally downwards from it, the others diagonally upwards. Several more arrows or spears are flying over the shield towards the man’s chest. He holds one or more spears in one of his hands; his sword appears to be in the scabbard, but the hilt is not well discernable. His antagonist also seems to carry his sword in the scabbard and to hold a spear in his free hand, which is not encumbered by the shield. Above his head, there are several more spears or arrows that appear to have been thrown or shot from some place further to the left and still are in ascending motion. To the far left, another warrior with a spear in his hand can be seen. Between him and the left of the duellants, a woman; behind the right combatant, another man, who, judging from the position of his legs, comes running in aid and wields a two-edged weapon like an almost cross-shaped axe-hammer or a similar weapon. Is he located within a horseshoe-shaped wall with several stones lying in front of it, or is he rather a winged deity or similar being?’\nThis latter wall (?) is well discernable, yet enigmatic. Oehrl (2019a, p. 158) describes it as a horsehoe-shaped framework whose outer sides are covered with a series of almost spherical elements. It looks as if as if the warrior with the mighty weapon is freeing himself from a brick building or a (burial) mound of stones, perhaps in order to rush to the aid of the duelist on the right. \nOehrl notes two more observations on the basis of his RTI documentation and a 3D model. One spear seems to pierce the chest of the combattant on the right; and between the foot of the right-hand spearman and the downward-pointing spears in his shield are further lines that Lindqvist evidently interpreted as chisel marks and therefore did not mark as a relief. They might be faint outlines of other projectiles (Oehrl 2019a, pl. 155,e; p. 156,a–b). The two opponents seem to be hurling volleys of spears at each other, with at least four projectiles already lodged in the right-hand warrior's round shield and another seemingly piercing his chest.\nSimilar depiction of fights can be seen on other picture stones, For the stone GP 43 Bro kyrka I, the new documentation (RTI, 3D model) allows for a more detailed reading: two combattants with spears, and one spear is stuck in the shield of his opponent (Oehrl 2019a, pp. 154–161; pl. 155). GP 555 Väskinde kyrka 7 has a similar, and very clearly recognisable scene.\n\n5. To the left, middle: Lying man in oval frame and sitting person\nLindqvist 1941/1942 II p. 14: ‘A man is lying, his feet pointing upwards, on an underlay defined by a row of short vertical lines (cf. the padding in the wagon? in scene 1), surrounded by an oval frame. To the left, a person sitting in a Klotzstuhl, facing the man. Between its head and the backrest, the topknot, characteristic for women, might be distinguished. Behind the woman’s head, a bird of the same kind as several of those in the following scene.’\n\n6. In the very middle of the image panel: Woman and man (?) and birds\nLindqvist 1941/1942 II pp. 14–15: ‘To the immediate right of 1 and 4. The bust of a male person turned to the right, whose body has been destroyed by the cup-like gouging (not recognised by OS) [whether this male figure really belongs to the scene described here is very unclear. It could also be interpreted as walking ahead of the horse-drawn carriage or turning towards the building in scene 2]. Closely in front of it and further up, a woman, also turned to the right. In front of her, two birds swimming or walking to the right, with their heads held up high and feet clearly defined by large lumps. To the right, on the ‘roof’ of scene 2, a broad object of unknown distinction that narrows down towards the top, but then suddenly widens again; above this, two birds, turned to the left, of the same shape as the former, behind them a woman, looking the same way.’ The birds resemble waterfowl, the obscure object in the centre could be addressed as humanoid, perhaps a spread-out piece of clothing. \n\n7. Top right: Kneeling men in building\nLindqvist 1941/1942 II p. 15: ‘To the immediate right of this, two kneeling men facing each other, with a vertical sword(?) between them, within a frame shaped like a horseshoe open at the bottom. Under the left man, outside of the frame, a third man, kneeling in the same manner. To the left of his feet, a man lying on the ground.’\nSigmund Oehrl made new observations on the basis of the 3D model provided by Laila Kitzler Åhfeldt, and on the basis of his own inspections (Oehrl 2009a, pp. 543–546). What Lindqvist simply saw as a lying man, is in fact a decapitated person: the outline of a neck stump is clearly recognisable. This observation was later confirmed by RTI documentation (Oehrl 2019a, pl. 73–74). Although the neck stump is raised as part of the bas-relief, Lindqvist had not coloured the immediately adjacent background surface black, so that on the influential photo published in ‘Gotlands Bildsteine’, the man appears to have a complete head. Oehrl furthermore notes that in addition, the kneeling figure next to the decapitated man is by no means stretching out his overlong arms to touch a strange triangular structure, but rather holding an object, probably a tool, in both hands and handling it over a triangular base. It could be a craftsman working with a hammer-like tool on an anvil (Oehrl 2009a, 561 Fig. 5; Oehrl 2019 a, pl. 73c–d, pl. 74). On this anvil lies a round, ring-shaped structure that has been erased by the black colour in Lindqvist’s illustration and thus remains invisible. This ‘ring’, a distinct small crater, is perfectly recognisable. Oehrl notes that although its surface is somewhat rough, the body of the ring is clearly raised, almost at the same level as the other relief fields, which can be easily verified using the 3D model (Oehrl 2019a, pl. 74,a). If it were a natural crater-shaped elevation, a fossil inclusion, it would be incomprehensible that the artist did not level this conspicuous feature. On the contrary, the artist evidently worked the raised fields immediately above (building) and below (‘anvil’) in such a way that they do not disturb the ring-shaped structure. When designing the ‘anvil’, he even had to slightly avoid the ring and accept a small bulge on the right-hand side in order to preserve the crater. The decisive details – neck stump and ‘ring’ – can also be recognised very well in the RTI documentation (ibid. pl. 74,b-c).\n\n8. Extreme right: Tree (?)\nLindqvist 1941/1942 II p. 15: ‘A large, but conceptually particularly obscure object (tree?) – and several vague remains of figures.’ Lindqvist’s colour paint on the stone seems to indicate a vertical stem starting from a spherical base, which has several branches at the upper end and ends in a point. The object is reminiscent of a tree or an upright lance.\n\n9. Very top right: Triple band loop\nLindqvist 1941/1942 II p. 15: ‘A triple band loop, the lower part of which possibly is shaped like an animal’s head.’\n\n10. Top middle: Pentagonal enclosure\nLindqvist 1941/1942 II p. 15: ‘Diagonally below the top of the image panel. A pentagonal field, framed by the border and four straight bars, the intersecting ends of which are folded over outside of the crossing points, form semicircles and terminate in animals’ heads; each head rests the tips of its upper and lower jaws against the edge of the bar that intersects with its neck. Within the five-sided field, two birds can be seen at the extreme bottom. The other figures [inside this enclosure] cannot be distinguished anymore’ – possibly more birds and/or a humanoid figure. The intersecting beams with the animal heads are reminiscent of house gables and seem to indicate a form of architecture. It may be a building in which the birds are located or the enclosure of a body of water in which waterfowl swim.\n\n11. Extreme top left: Unclear figures\nLindqvist 1941/1942 II p. 15: ‘Below the upper band loop to the immediate left of the former scene. Traces of figures of unknown meaning, almost completely obliterated by footsteps.’\n\nSO / MH"
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"@value": "The rich imagery seems to relate to once well-known narratives; some of them, e.g. the Wayland narrative, were recorded in the medieval writings, others were not. Sigmund Oehrl has dealt with this stone repeatedly, and in the light of new documentation techniques such as RTI imaging and 3D modelling, he was able to make some new observations. \n\n1.\tBottom left: four-wheeled wagon \nCarriages and wagons depicted on Gotlandic picture stones have often been interpreted as related to women and as a female counterpart to the mounted warrior and the journey to Valhall (O. Almgren 1934, p. 116; Lindqvist 1962, p. 81; Böttger-Niedenzu 1982, p. 46; Oehrl 2017, p. 16). Ellmers (1973; 1986) and Weber (1973) suggested that the ride of women in a wagon is equivalent to the horse ride into the beyond of the male dead. Weber associates the imagery with the group of Viking-Age female burials in wagon bodies on the one hand (Staecker 2002; Müller-Wille 1985), with ‘Óðinn’s wagon’ (‘reið Rungnis’), as referred to in Sigrdrífomál, stanza 15 (Neckel/Kuhn 1983, 193), on the other. Furthermore, Brynhildr should be considered, who after her death, according to Helreið Brynhildar (written down in the 13th century), was burnt in a wagon with a tent-like covering. In this wagon, the Poetic Edda’s prosaist says, she eventually travels the ‘helveg’ (ʻroad to Helʼ) into the underworld: ‘[...] enn Brynhildr var á ǫðro brend, oc var hon í reið, þeiri er guðvefiom var tiolduð. Svá er sagt, at Brynhildr óc með reiðinni á helveg oc fór um tún, þar er gýgr noccor bió’ (Neckel/Kuhn 1983, 219). Another instance to be mentioned is the fragment known as Sǫgubrot af nokkrum fornkonungum (ch. 9) of Skjǫldunga saga (written down around 1200), which depicts the burial of Haraldr hilditǫnn (ʻwartoothʼ). King Hring has Haraldr’s body transported to the grave mound in his chariot, but accompanied by his saddled horse, so that the dead king may ʻeither ride or drive to Valhǫll, as he pleasesʼ: ‘[...] lét leggja líkit í þann vagn, er Haraldr konungr hafði til orrustu. Ok eptir þat lét hann kasta mikinn haug ok lét þá hann aka í þeim vagni, á þeim hesti, er Haraldr konungr hafði til orrostu, ok lét svá aka í hauginn [...]. [...] ok bað hann gøra hvárt er hann vildi, ríða til Valhallar eða aka’ (Bjarni Guðnason 1982, 69).\n\n2. Bottom, middle: Lying body and sitting woman under roof\nSune Lindqvist suggested an interpretation of this scene as Loki’s punishment (Lindqvist 1941/1942 I 96; Lindqvist 1964, p. 96) as it is told in Gylfaginning ch. 50: After Loki was found guilty of having caused Baldr’s death, the Æsir gathered and took revenge. Loki was fettered, and a snake was put above him whose venom trickles down on Loki. His wife Sigyn, however, stays with Loki, and she catches the venom in a bowl. Only when she goes to empty the vessel, the venom touches Loki. Lindqvist suggested that the sitting woman in this scene on GP 3 Alskog kyrka could be Loki’s wife Sigyn.\nSigmund Oehrl, however, saw the bird on the roof as the decisive element here. Waterfowl are frequently depicted on the Gotlandic picture stones, and according to Oehrl, they are to be interpreted as bird-shaped psychopomps, leading the deceased to the world beyond. They have close connections to the valkyries, who also appear as birds (see also GP 341 Sanda kyrka I, GP 91 Fröjel Bottarve, GP 120 Grötlingbo Barshaldershed 6; Oehrl 2010 [Ornithomorphe Psychopompoi]; Oehrl 2019a, 50–54; Oehrl, forthcoming). Consequently, Oehrl interprets the building on the stones of Alskog and Sanda as Valhǫll, in which a fallen warrior is “delivered”, brought by the bird, and received by an enthroned divine couple. See GP 341 Sanda kyrka I – which has a quite similar scene – for a detailed discussion.\n\n3. Bottom right: Three walking men carrying tools or weapons\nThis solemn procession of three men carrying tools or weapons seems to be connected to the motif of the ornithomorphic psychopomp, as the combination of three walking men with tools/weapons and a long-necked bird can be seen on other picture stones as well (see GP 341 Sanda kyrka I and GP 91 Fröjel Bottarve). But the exact meaning of this group of men is not clear. It has been speculated if it could be the Æsir walking away from Loki after they had put him to punishment, or the Biblical Magi (Three Kings) (Staecker 2004, pp. 59–60). Plassmann (1959, 244) suggested that the scene could show agrarian rites, Jungner saw a funeral (Jungner 1930, pp. 67–75). In the context of the bird as a guide of the dead, the latter would fit best.\n\n4. Top left: Fight \nOehrl (2019a, pp. 157–159) regards the fight motif as a ritualized duel in which the two opponents first throw spears at each other in order to open the fight before moving on to close combat. Parallels can be found in the imagery of the Vendel period helmet plates, where throwing spears are also sticking in the opponents’ shields (Helmbrecht 2011, pp. 96–102). Whether it is a judicial duel, an ordal, a famous duel from heroic legend or a battle in the afterlife, cannot be determined. \nAt Alskog, however, the fight may represent a specific narrative that has not been handed down in literature. The little woman behind the warrior to the left is turning towards the fight, and she is followed by another warrior carrying a spear. Behind the duelist to the right, there is a man with the double axe or hammer, seemingly freeing himself from a built structure (Böttger-Niedenzu 1982, 81) or a grave mound, and he seems to be coming to aid the duelist. \nLindqvist (1941/1942 I, p. 96) suggested that the exceptional weapon which the warrior in the horseshoe-shaped structure might indicate the god Þórr (Thor), but this remains doubtful, as well as Lindqvist’s reading of the horseshoe-shaped structure as wings (see Oehrl 2019a, 158). There are a few depictions of structures that might be understood as buildings or rooms on the C/D-type picture stones (see for example the hut further to the right with the kneeling persons, or GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII), however, they do not resemble this horseshoe-shaped structure.\nSigmund Oehrl suggests that these seemingly ‘additional’ figures – the woman and the man with the double axe/hammer – are in fact crucial for the interpretation of the scene. They could be little divine helpers – supernatural beings who come to assist one of the parties in a fight. He discusses the divine helper on GP 339 Rute Stora Valle 2 and ultimately identifies him as Óðinn (Oehrl 2019a, 227–240). \nThere is another C/D-stone (“Abschnitt” D according to Lindqvist) with a duelling scene, GP 280 När Smiss I. In the tympanum field, two warriors with sword and shield face each other and cross their blades. Close behind the fighter in the right-hand half of the picture is a small anthropomorphic figure, which turns towards the action. Oehrl suggested that this might be a supernatural helper as well, who is assisting the swordsman on the right, as in the case of the Valsgärde 7 and 8 helmets (Oehrl 2019a, p. 288). \n\n5. To the left, middle: Lying man in oval frame and sitting person\nSigmund Oehrl interprets the lying man in the oval frame as a dead man in his grave, and the sitting person as a woman: ‘The sitting woman, who is facing the grave, appears to mourn the dead man. Behind her head and turned towards her, there is a small water fowl that is similar to the ones in the Wayland scene. It appears as if the bird belonged to the woman, accompanied her, or distinguished her. The woman’s interpretation either as Guðrún mourning at the grave of the hero Sigurðr (‘Guðrún sat yfir Sigurði dauðom’, prose text Frá dauða Sigurðar – Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 201) or rather as Brynhildr, who is characterised by the water fowl as a valkyrie, about to follow the hero to death in a wagon (the one shown beneath her? See Helreið Brynhildar, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, pp. 219–222), can only be speculated about’ (Oehrl, in preparation).\n\n6. In the very middle of the image panel: Woman and man (?) and birds\nIf the interpretation of Scene 7 (see below) as a scene from the Wayland legend is correct, the figures depicted immediately to the left of the smithy – two women with four waterfowl placed between them – are probably related to the prequel in Vǫlundarkviða and represent the valkyrie-like swan women who meet Wayland and his brothers at a lake and lead them home (Vǫlundarkviða, prose introduction and stanza 1–4: Neckel/Kuhn 1983, pp. 116 f.; Oehrl 2009a, 549). According to Oehrl, the trapezoidal structure with lateral extensions, placed between the female figures and the birds and reminiscent of a spread-out garment, could represent one of the ‘swan mantles’ (‘alptarhamr’ or ‘svanfiaðrar’) that the three sisters take off to bathe (Oehrl 2019a, p. 99).\nThe connections between the story of Wayland and the subject of the swan virgins have occasionally been considered a recent construct and an invention of the Edda’s prosaist (Nedoma 1988, 129–132; Ishikawa 1991). With the exception of ‘Friedrich von Schwaben’, whose affiliation with the Wayland story remains unclear (Nedoma 1988, 88–104; Nedoma 2000), the picture stone of Alskog church would be the only early monument to demonstrate the connection between both complexes – namely as early as the 8th century or until the 10th century at the latest (Oehrl 2019a, pp. 99–100).\n\n7. Top right: Kneeling men in building\nThis is probably the scene on GP 3 Alskog kyrka that is most clearly linked to the Wayland narrative (Lindqvist 1964, p. 69; Staecker 2004, pp. 57–58; Oehrl 2009a) – first and foremost because there is a similar scene on the well-known picture stone GP 21 Ardre VIII. \nThe kneeling figure to the right is probably Wayland, squatting at his anvil with a hammer and making small objects for the king. The kneeling posture may be a reference to Wayland’s paralysis (Vǫlundarkviða: prose after stanza 17: Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 120; likewise in Þiðreks saga: Bertelsen 1905–1911, part 1, p. 114).\nAccording to Þiðrek’s saga, the blacksmith Velent took revenge on his tormentor King Nidung by cutting off the heads of the two princes. He then hid the bodies in a pit behind the bellows (‘vndir smiðbelgi sina igrof eina divpa’, Bertelsen 1905–1911, part 1, p. 117). In Vǫlundarkviða (st. 24; 34; Neckel/Kuhn 1983, pp. 121 f.) this pit is called ‘fen fioturs’, an enigmatic term that refers to a damp pit inside the forge (von See et al. 2000, pp. 214–216; Müller-Wille 1977, p. 130). The fact that the dead bodies are hidden in a pit is reflected on the stone GP 21 Ardre VIII by placing the figures behind the forge on a bowl-like base. Such a bowl-like structure can also be seen in the case of GP 3 Alskog kyrka, but here it seems to cover the dead like a roof, so that the concealment becomes even clearer. Based on this parallel alone, Oehrl believes it is certain that the beheaded man on the Alskog stone represents one of the slain king’s sons which the smith has hidden. \nAccording to Vǫlundarkviða, Wayland has to make jewels (‘gorsimar’) in captivity (prose after stanza 17, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 120). The term ‘rings’ (‘baugar’) appears as a synonym for the precious objects created by the master smith, as becomes clear in the exclamation of the curious sons of the king (st. 23): ‘Gǫngom baug siá’ (’Let's go and see the rings’: Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 121). It is even possible that this is the ring-shaped breast ornament (‘brióstkringlor’) that Wayland makes for the king’s daughter from the teeth of the slain brothers (st. 25, Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 121) or the golden ring that Wayland is to repair for the princess (st. 26; 27; Neckel/Kuhn 1983, p. 121).\n\nThe two men depicted above Wayland in the smithy could be the curious princes who, according to Vǫlundarkviða, come to the workshop to look at jewellery before their heads are cut off (Vǫlundarkviða, stanza 20–24: Neckel/Kuhn 1983, pp. 120 f.; Þiðreks saga: Bertelsen 1905–1911, part 1, pp. 116 f.). \n\nDecapitated male corpses lying on their stomachs, placed behind the outer wall of a building\nare also part of the prominent Wayland scene on the stone GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII. In fact, there are so many iconographic parallels between GP 21 Ardre kyrka VIII and GP 3 Alskog kyrka that it has been assumed that they come from the same workshop, represented by Lindqvist’s Tjängvide group (Lindqvist 1941/1942 I, pp. 49–50), and possibly both stones were made by the same artist. \n\n8. Extreme right: Tree (?)\nNo interpretation.\n\n9. Very top right: Triple band loop\nNo interpretation.\n\n10. Top middle: Pentagonal enclosure\nLindqvist (1941/1942 I, p. 89) regarded the pentagonal structure with waterfowl as a pond or lake, possibly the ‘wolf lake’ from the Wayland legend (Lindqvist 1960–1962, p. 69). Oehrl follows this interpretation (Oehrl 2009a, p. 543, 549).\n\n11. Extreme top left: Unclear figures\nNo interpretation.\n\nSO / MH\n"
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"property_label": "Type and Dating",
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"@value": "C/D type cist stone. Lindqvist assigned GP 3 Alskog kyrka to his ʻAbschnittʼ D, which he separates from the monuments of ʻAbschnittʼ C (1941/42 I, p. 50). According to Lindqvist, the Type C stones are dating to around AD 700, the small group of Type D monuments, however, to the second half of the 8th century (ibid. p. 121).Today, the few D-stones are regarded more as a sub-group (workshop) within section C and not as an independent section. In the present edition, they are integrated into type C/D. Lindqvist's dating is also considered outdated. Most Type C/D stones can only be roughly dated to the 8th to 10th century. Lisbeth Imer dated the stone GP 3 Alskog kyrka – which she lists in her Group 2 – to the time after 750, considering the imagery; the stone as a whole is, according to Imer, from the 10th century (Imer 2004, p. 49, 100, 105).\n\nSO / MH"
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"@value": "Found in 1863. According to Pehr Arvid Säve (Samlingar III, p. 417), stone No. I was found in 1863 in the cemetery, about 40 ells (c. 24 m) south of the church nave and about two ells (c. 1.2 m) below ground. There it had lain among a number of rough building stones that belonged to a rectangular building of about 10 square ells. GP 344 Sanda kyrka II and GP 345 Sanda kyrka III (No. II and No. III in Säve’s description) also were discovered among these building stones (Lindqvist 1941/42, pp. 107–110; GR II, p. 114). It was suggested that the small building was a belfry (Lindqvist 1964, p. 90). \n\nP. A. Säve visited Sanda on the 4th and 5th of November 1863, when he made a drawing of the stone on the first day and immediately informed his brother Carl Säve about the find. After this, the stone appears to have been forgotten until Hugo Pipping re-found it in 1900, leaning against the churchyard wall and overgrown with lichen. After this, the information is contradictory. According to Sveriges runinskrifter, the stone was still leaning against the churchyard wall when Pipping returned in August 1902 for a more thorough investigation, but the stone was then moved and placed leaning against the southern church wall (GR II, p. 114). However, a note in the newspaper Stockholmstidningen 19 October 1900 reported that the stone had been examined by O. Wennersten and H. Pipping. The note further tells that the stone had been taken care of by the vicar Herlitz and leaned against the church wall, but that it had not been noticed by runologists and archaeologists until recently. The stone was covered by lichen and only a few runes had been visible, but a careful cleaning revealed a short but complete runic inscription as well as two groups of people and beautiful ornament (Stockholmstidningen 19 October 1900). In a letter to an unnamed addressee, dated in Uppsala 30 October 1900, Pipping mentioned that he could now send the promised account of the Sanda-stone, along with a photo (ATA). \n\nAn inventory card at ATA repeats the information that the stone was found in the churchyard, two ells deep in the ground, together with an older picture stone (inventory card in ATA, SHM 13127). In addition, the inventory number SHM 13127 also includes two medieval grave slabs with runic inscriptions. The two picture stones are included in an inventory list as number 21, and the two grave slabs as number 22. An excerpt of a protocol dated 16 May 1905 states that it was decided at a church meeting in Sanda to accommodate the wish of the Historical Museum in Stockholm to purchase all four stones for a sum of 100 kronor (ATA; see also GR II, p. 114). According to Sveriges runinskrifter, the stones were included in the collections in 1907 (GR II, p. 114). However, according to Sune Lindqvist our stone was brought to the Historical Museum only in 1927, and GP 344 and GP 345 were still standing in the cemetery when Lindqvist wrote (Lindqvist 1941/42, pp. 107–110). The stone was examined by runologist Otto von Friesen on 16 July 1934 (von Friesen 1934). \n\nThe first known drawing is by P. A. Säve in his Reseberättelser from 1863 (Säve 1863, p. 208). A more accurate rendering was made in an undated drawing by Olof Sörling. A photo in ATA by Elsa Sörling shows the stone in whole, with its substantial root. In another photo, marked “Kort nr 169”, the sunken surface of the relief carving and the runic inscription are coloured with red, but most probably the colouring was made on the photo and not on the stone. Additional photos were made by Hugo Pipping in 1902, Harald Faith-Ell in 1933 and Sören Hallgren 1966 (Run- och Bildstenssamlingen ATA). \n\nThe present medieval church had a predecessor, witnessed by the stone frieze plates dated to c. 1030–1070 AD that are inserted into the façade in a confused order (BeBR; cf Roosval 1942, p. 140–142). Johnny Roosval dated the first church to 1058 AD (Roosval 1942, p. 157). In total, 11 picture stones have been found in Sanda parish (GP 340 – 350), seemingly covering the whole picture stone period. \nLKÅ"
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"display_title": "GP 346 Sanda Sandegårda II",
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{
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2394",
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{
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2395",
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"display_title": "GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV",
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"@value": "Limestone. Width at the lower part of the ornamented section 0.90 m, total height including the root 1.64 m. The height of the ornamented surface is 0.62 m. Thickness 0.15 m. The height of the runes is 5 cm (GR II, p. 114–115). \n\n“The upper half of the obverse is hewn almost smooth and polished, with the horizontal ground edges remaining clearly visible. The lower half is rough and uneven. At the upper edge, the narrow sides are hewn flat for a width of about 7 cm at right angles towards the obverse. The same is the case regarding the left and right narrow sides, but here, the width is only between 2 and 4 cm, and the narrow sides were chamfered at about 135° towards the reverse. The reverse itself is rough and unworked. At the lower edge of the decoration, the stone’s width is 90 cm, 88.5 cm at the upper corners. From the lower edge of the decoration to the slab’s left corner post, the height is 37 cm, to the top 62 cm. The stone’s total height is 1.64 m” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 107–108). \n\nOn one of the photos from 1902 by Pipping, there is a dark zone on the stone beneath the carving surface, c. 0.5 m wide, below which the root is lighter. This probably was caused by partial cleaning of the stone. In the middle of the 20th century, Karl Hauck made a latex cast of the carving surface (Oehrl 2017, p. 74, Taf. 38b). A 3D-scan was made in 2008 as part of a research study at Stockholm University (Kitzler Åhfeldt 2013). In 2013, an RTI analysis was conducted by Sigmund Oehrl (Oehrl 2016; 2017). \nLKÅ"
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"@value": "164"
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"@value": "90"
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"@value": "15"
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"ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [
{
"type": "literal",
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"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
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"@value": "The stone is described by Lindqvist in Gotlands Bildsteine as follows. \n\n“The decoration was sketched out in fine lines that subsequently were deepened and broadened into 1–2 mm deep grooves with a slightly obtuse-angled cross section. Afterwards, the background field was chiselled down to almost the same depth and then smoothed. \n\nImagery: At the very top is a slightly more than 1 cm wide frame, which obviously is meant to represent the floor and walls of a house, and inside it, on the left, a woman sits in a Klotzstuhl holding one hand in front of her mouth. On the right, a man sits in what probably also is a Klotzstuhl. Like the woman, he has long hair that falls down beyond the nape of his neck, and his hand grasps – with the thumb visible just above the fingers – the shaft of a spear that is held just above his hand by a person standing in the middle. This latter person is clad in a long coat, the tails of which are parted by the arm holding the spear. On his head, the standing person wears a massive headgear or helmet(?) with projections both forwards and backwards. The spearhead is lanceolate. The back of the standing person is touched by the beak of a bird that thrusts its head and its long neck through an opening in the wall behind the woman, and whose body, however, remains outside of that wall. \n\nBelow this are three persons moving towards the left. The one in front is a man with conical headgear, the tip of which has a tassel falling down the back. In his hand, this man holds a spear with rhombic head. At least to the modern observer – i.e., apart from the possible meaning of the fashion for their interpretation – the two other walking persons rather seem to look more like young girls than like men. The person in the middle has the same long neck hair as the two persons sitting further up. This person holds aloft an object the contours of which, though slightly crooked, are most reminiscent of a spade. The person at the back also probably had similar long hair as the person just described, who brandishes an object that is bent over smoothly towards the top and – at least nowadays – has a pointed end. Hugo Jungner tried to prove that this object is an axe and supported this suggestion with a line in the background field that probably is the result of a stroke of a chisel. Similar marks can be observed in several places in the background field, which for the most part was chiselled away. The notch in question, therefore, can hardly be considered proof that the curved object originally had a wide end and needs to be interpreted as an axe. Behind the head of this third person, there is a round object with a concave and partly knobby surface. This obviously has to do with the fact that the stone slab had a natural indentation that ran from here to the top right, which was impossible to remove completely during the polishing. Below this roundel, which Jungner interpreted as a ‘sun’, a field can be seen with four corners pointing upwards, most probably a burning fire. This field rests on a horizontal base (an open hearth?)” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 107–109). \n\nAbove the pictorial scenes, following the arched edge of the stone, is a runic inscription in a band. Below and on the sides, the pictorial scenes are surrounded by rune stone ornament in Ringerike style, with tendrils that tie the rune band. There are drilled separation marks in the runic inscription, as well as drilled endpoints on some of the branches. Drilled endpoints and separation marks are typical Gotlandic features, see GP 355 Sjonhem kyrka I (G 134). \nLKÅ"
}
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"ai2:interpretations": [
{
"type": "literal",
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"@value": "The imagery on the Sanda stone consists of two scenes, the upper scene with three people in a building and the scene in the middle with a short procession of three carrying some kind of implements. The interpretations range from profane, epic tale, cult practice, funeral or legal action in relation to the transaction of land, which varies whether the figures are interpreted as men, women or gods. Short processions similar to the on the Sanda stone also appear GP 3 Alskog kyrka, GP 201 Hemse Annexhemman I and GP 91 Fröjel Bottarve. \n\nCarl Säve suggested that the three men in the upper field are the men mentioned in the inscription. In Säve’s interpretation, the figure to the left is a king, Hróðvisl. The man in the middle is the king’s man, Farbjǫrn, receiving a spear from the kneeling Gunnbjǫrn. In the lower scene, the procession is led by Farbjǫrn with a spear, followed by a man with a club, or possibly a music instrument, and finally by a man carrying a gong (the disk) on his back – alternatively he blows a horn, and the disk might be a medallion for a name (Jungner 1930, p. 65 note 2; Staecker 2004, p. 44). In contrast to Säve’s profane interpretation, George Stephens attributed a more religious significance of the stone; he regarded the motifs as heathen and pointed out the cult site continuity, with churches in heathen cult areas (Stephens 1866–1901 II, p. 777; Staecker 2004, p. 44). Alexander Bugge linked the stone to Old Norse mythology and the Völsunga saga, and he recorded the following attempt at interpretation by Sophus Bugge: the woman in the chair is Svanhild, Sigurd and Gudrun’s daughter. The standing man is Oden, who gives to old Jormunrek the spear with which to kill his son Randve (Bugge 1904, p. 233; cf Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 108). This interpretation of the spear has been contradicted by Beata Böttger-Niedenzu, who found it improbable based on Snorri’s account, where Jormunrek instead had his son hanged (Böttger-Niedenzu 1982, p. 71). \n\nIn Hugo Jungner’s eschatological interpretation of the motifs, Sanda I was interpreted as a Valhalla scene and a cremation funeral, and the men with the tools in this context should thus be relatives caring for the funeral pyre (Jungner 1930, p. 69; cf Böttger-Niedenzu 1982, p. 76; Oehrl 1917, p. 6). He interpreted the sitting man in the building as Oden and associated the building and the individuals within it as Valhalla, Oden and Frigg (Jungner 1930, p. 68–69; Staecker 2004, p. 44–45). In Jungner’s view, the bird can be an Anser albifrons, i.e., an Oden’s swallow or a black stork, because these species in folk belief were regarded as the birds of Oden (Jungner 1930, p. 78). He further suggested that the scene with two men holding their hands on a spear may refer to an oath-taking ritual, in this case the dead warrior in Valhalla swearing fealty to his new lord (Jungner 1930; Oehrl, 2020c, p. 148). Jungner interpreted details of the procession below as attributes of the walking figures, from left to right, as spear, spade/club, and hammer/axe (Jungner 1930, p. 69ff.). \n\nAnother line of interpretation was followed by Sune Lindqvist, who tentatively suggested that the procession might have been a part of an agrarian rite in which the row of people was led by an old man carrying a spear, followed by two young girls carrying a shovel and a sickle (Lindqvist 1964, p. 76). Due to the pointed end of the last object, Lindqvist objected to Jungner that it cannot be a hammer nor an axe. Instead, he suggested that it is a sickle. He was uncertain about the round object and mentioned a number of possibilities, such as a pot, the sun, the moon or a bread (Lindqvist 1964, p. 76; Nylén/Lamm 2003, p. 60). Although he described the upper scene in detail, he did not seem to have offered a coherent interpretation of it. He had, though, the impression that both the bird and the woman individually try to influence (warningly?) one of the men to the right (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 107–110). \n\nJ. O. Plassman for his part identified the scenes as concerned with a legal act of transaction of land (Plassman 1959, pp. 240ff.; cf Nylén/Lamm 2003, p. 60). Plassman, and following him Eric Oxenstierna, interpreted the scene as a custom concerned with the transferal of land from an old father to his heir. The family’s fylgia, in the shape of the bird, stretches its head through the wall, and the mother with her hand before her mouth expresses grief (Plassman 1959, pp. 240ff.; Oxenstierna 1959, p. 198). Thus, the stone was placed on the property functioning as a title deed, stating in pictures that the act had been properly executed (Plassman 1959, p. 250). \n\nBirgit Arrhenius’ interpretation is concerned with religion, and she sees a connection between power symbolism and fertility cult. Thus, the symbols on the Sanda stone can be regarded as fertility and power symbols carried forth to a god. On GP 341 Sanda kyrka I and GP 3 Alskog kyrka, women sit on the chairs and the scene is combined with short processions of three people carrying some kind of tools (see also GP 201 Hemse Annexhemman I). Arrhenius’ interpretation of the scene on Sanda I is that the men bring forth symbols of fertility and power to a god, who sits opposite to the woman, and that the spear that is handed over can be understood as a traditional symbol for royal power (Arrhenius 1961, pp. 152–154; Böttger-Niedenzu 1982, pp. 75–76; Staecker 2004, pp. 45, 54). \n\nStaecker suggests, as an alternative, an interpretation from a Christian perspective, namely that three walking people delivering a gift in a house can be associated with the three holy kings’ travel and arrival in Bethlehem, i.e., the epiphany motif (Staecker 2004, p. 46). He points out that the time of the production of the Sanda stone, within the period of Christianisation, makes an interpretation within a Christian context possible. He especially compares the Sanda stone to the Franks Casket, dated to c. 700–750 (Staecker 2004, p. 46f). On this casket, the star is represented by a triquetra. Staecker further compares the Sanda stone to the Gotlandic baptismal fonts from the 12th century, where he indicates that several details are in accordance with the Sanda stone. For example, he finds it remarkable that a triquetra was placed between the scene of the arrival of the kings and the stable in Bethlehem on fonts from Gerum and Väskinde (Staecker 2004, p. 54–55). However, the bird represents a problem in this interpretation, as does the absence of the newborn Christ himself (Staecker 2004, pp. 48, 56). \n\nHow to fit in the bird in the various interpretations has aroused several suggestions. Hauck interpreted the bird as a valkyrie in the shape of a swan (Hauck 1982d, p. 259; see Oehrl 2017, p. 53). Böttger-Niedenzu suggests a parallel to Icelandic sagas where birds sit on the roofs of the halls (Böttger-Niedenzu 1982, p. 71). Staecker objects that in the sagas, the bird is seen is a threat and that attempts are made to catch or kill it, which is not the case on the Sanda stone (Staecker 2004, p. 71 note 10). In Staecker’s interpretation, the long, stretched necks of the horse and the ox on the fonts from Gerum and Grötlingbo, stretching their heads into the stable, are analogous to the bird with the long neck on the Sanda stone (Staecker 2004, p. 55). Oehrl, on the other hand, interprets the bird as a psychopomp, escorting the warrior to the lord on the throne in the realm of the dead (Oehrl 2017, p. 53, 58). According to Oehrl, the bird stretching its neck into the building signifies that it is a mythical scene (Oehrl 2020c, p. 147). A close parallel is to be found on GP 3 Alskog kyrka, with a woman sitting on a chair and a bird stretching its neck into the building. However, while on the Sanda stone, a man stands with a spear, on Alskog kyrka there seems to be a dead body stretched on the floor in front of the seated woman. That this is a parallel to the Sanda stone is underlined by the processions occurring on both stones (Oehrl 2012, p. 96; 2017, p. 54; 2020c, p. 148). \n\nThe round chair shaped from a tree trunk (German Klotzstuhl; Sw. kubbstol) is a type of furniture known from ethnographic collections as well as from prehistory (Salin 1916, p. 78; Lindqvist/de Geer 1939). Similar chairs can be seen on the picture stones GP 282 När Hallute (G 93), GP 3 Alskog kyrka and GP 61 Buttle Änge. Lindqvist compared the chairs on the picture stones to a chair from Sauland in Norway, which he suggested might be a piece of Viking age furniture – however, it was dendrochronologically dated to late Middle Ages (Lindqvist/de Geer 1939, pp. 106, 122, 130). In an article about miniatures, Arrhenius mentioned Viking age miniature chairs made of silver, bronze and amber, found in graves, hoards and as loose finds. Up to the time of Arrhenius’ contribution, miniature chairs with round shape in burial context were known only from female graves, for example from Birka and Ihre on Gotland (Arrhenius 1961, p. 149–150). We may infer by their use as amulets or jewellery that such chairs carry some significant meaning. Arrhenius suggested that they are symbolic thrones for worldly or spiritual power (Arrhenius 1961, p. 156). \n\nConcerning the shape of the stone and its suggested use as a cist stone, cist stones are suggested to have a particular relationship to women. There may be a connection between the shape of the wagon basket and the shape of the cist stones (Snædal 2004, p. 60; 2010, p. 446; Böttger-Niedenzu 1982, pp. 46ff; see GP 360 Sproge kyrka). At first, Lindqvist too regarded the cist stones as memorials for women (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 59), but later he turned to regard them as cists for votive offerings and suggested that the cist stones might show events in the neighbourhood (Lindqvist 1964, p. 82; Böttger-Niedenzu 1982, p. 18, p. 79). He noted a parallel for the shape of the stone to GP 201 Hemse Annexhemman I (G 57), GP 15–18 Ardre kyrka (G 114) and GP 167 Halla Unsarve (G 141). Pipping, too, grouped the Sanda stone with the Ardre stones GP 15–18, and dated it to not later than the middle of the 11th century (Pipping 1905, p. 46). \n\nThe inscription mentions three male names; Hróðvisl, Farbjǫrn and Gunnbjǫrn. The first name, Hróðvisl, also occurs on the picture stone-shaped runestone GP 355 Sjonhem kyrka I (G 134) as well as on the famous runestone from Pilgårds in Boge (G 280) (GR II, p. 115). Hróð- (Sw. Rod-; praise, notoriety) is the most common name element on Gotland (Snædal 2004b, p. 36, p. 39). Lindqvist indicated that the inscription contained only the beginning of a sentence spread out over two – or more probably four – stone slabs belonging together (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, pp. 107–110), but this cannot be ascertained from the inscription (GR II, p. 115). Magnus Källström noted that our stone belongs to a small group of small-sized picture stones and gable stones with long-branch runes that is geographically confined to southern Gotland (Källström 2012, p. 120). \n\nThe grooves have been analysed by using the 3D-data recorded in 2008 (mentioned above; Kitzler Åhfeldt 2013). The stone was included in a comparison between the carving techniques used on Gotland and the Swedish mainland, where it was compared to other E-stones on Gotland as well as with 11th century runestones on the Swedish mainland. The result suggested that in the first half of the 11th century, the carvers on Gotland followed their own craft traditions and had little contact with the mainland runestone carvers concerning the practical matter of stone carving (Kitzler Åhfeldt 2019, p. 104). \n\nThe 3D-model from 2008 also reveals thin sketch lines; to the right, beginning where the name kunborn (Gunnbjǫrn) starts (with a k-rune), the runic band was sketched closer to the edge of the slab, but this was corrected so the runic band turns more sharply downwards. The same can be observed on the left side, where a sketch line is visible in the first three runes of the name roþuisl. Returning to the right side, we can also note that the carver forgot to make room enough for the branch of the u-rune in kunborn, which had to be crammed in. This has the effect that the branch of the n-rune was placed unusually high on the main staff. It is interesting that corrections and faulty planning by the end of the inscription likewise can be observed on the cist stone GP 201 Hemse Annexhemman I (G 57), which often has been quoted as a parallel due to the pictorial similarities with the disk and the short procession. \nLKÅ"
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"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7e363a31b4af925aa183521b8d3f1ad193a83beb.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0201.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
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{
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"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2138",
"value_resource_id": 2138,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2138",
"display_title": "GP0091",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f013e0b5d4e9c4283dfc8b692e086a18f1d35595.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0091.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2328",
"value_resource_id": 2328,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2328",
"display_title": "GP 282 När Hallute"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2108",
"value_resource_id": 2108,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2108",
"display_title": "GP0061",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/e5dcc4b9f1af136a75da2087a6456765c950e240.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0061.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2405",
"value_resource_id": 2405,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2405",
"display_title": "GP 360 Sproge kyrka",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/daf4d47156a72e32bdf078696648ab1c10e553f7.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0360.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
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"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2062",
"value_resource_id": 2062,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2062",
"display_title": "GP 15 Ardre kyrka I",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/883a0994612ead208916a483f2f792664bcb1712.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0015.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
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"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2063",
"value_resource_id": 2063,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2063",
"display_title": "GP 16 Ardre kyrka II",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/53bc3e295f23015eb55c0e1c0f9775a1be226dae.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0016.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2064",
"value_resource_id": 2064,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2064",
"display_title": "GP 17 Ardre kyrka V",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/8da81547e9810098f74b00d4843f3db4c784b657.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0017.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
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"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2065",
"value_resource_id": 2065,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2065",
"display_title": "GP 18 Ardre kyrka VI",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/7c26c13dd3c7dc94bae96570012d632367511a79.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0018.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
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{
"type": "resource",
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"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2213",
"value_resource_id": 2213,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2213",
"display_title": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/b9d648ab66b7c060cb051a106eb164234b7a14a2.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0167.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2400",
"value_resource_id": 2400,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2400",
"display_title": "GP 355 Sjonhem kyrka I",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/1f21e57d318b5b907b3144aba8839fc88ee86a8a.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0355.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
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"ai2:typeAndDating": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Type E, cist stone. Pr2, ca 1020–1050 (Gräslund 2006, p. 126). Snædal includes the stone in her Ardre group, sepulchral monuments in the form of picture stones with runic inscriptions along the edge and pictorial elements in the middle (Snædal 2002, p. 67; cf Gustavson 2012, p. 113). \nLKÅ"
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"ai2:shapeLindqvist": [
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"type": "customvocab:3",
"property_id": 305,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Shape",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Cist stone"
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"ai2:typeLindqvist": [
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"property_label": "Lindqvist Type",
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"@value": "E (ca. 1000-1150)"
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],
"ai2:typeLindqvistNote": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 304,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Type Note",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Kiststen"
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"ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [
{
"type": "customvocab:5",
"property_id": 317,
"property_label": "Runic Inscription or not",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Yes"
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"ai2:runicInscription": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 286,
"property_label": "Runic Inscription",
"is_public": true,
"@value": ": roþuisl : aug : farborn : auk : kunborn : \n\nRunic Swedish \nHroðvisl ok Farbiorn ok Gunnbiorn. \n\nEnglish\nHróðvisl and Farbjǫrn and Gunnbjǫrn. \n\nQuote from Runor"
}
],
"ai2:references": [
{
"type": "literal",
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"property_label": "References",
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"@value": "P. A. Säve 1863 Berättelser, p. 208; Gotländska samlingar 3 (1856–1867), p. 417; Gotländska samlingar 5 (1878), p. 627, p. 653; Stephens 1866–1901 II, p. 777; A. Bugge 1904, p. 233; Jungner 1930, pp. 6582; Lindqvist 1941/41 II, p. 107, Fig. 171, 177, 224 b, 480; 1964; Plassmann 1959, pp. 240251; Nylén/Lamm 2003, pp. 60–61; Staecker 2004. "
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"property_label": "Lindqvist Title",
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"@value": "Sanda, Kirchhof I"
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"thumbnail_title": "GP0341_RGB.nxz",
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"property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID",
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"@value": "212"
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"property_label": "Statens Historiska Museer ID",
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"@value": "13127"
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"property_label": "Runverket ID",
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"@value": "G 181"
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"property_label": "Swedish Summary",
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"@value": "Fyndplats \nKyrkogården\n\nNuvarande förvaringsplats \nSHM, vikingautställningen. \n\nDatering \nSen vikingatid, ca 1020-1050 e.Kr. \n\nBeskrivning \nBildsten med runinskrift som troligen utgjort en del av ett gravmonument, möjligen en del av en kista. Bildstenens motiv utgörs av ett hus eller en kammare med tre figurer, varav två sittande och en stående i mitten. Ovanför den sittande gestalten till vänster sträcker en långhalsad fågel in sin hals och vidrör den stående gestalten i mitten med näbben. Den stående gestalten i mitten vänder sig till den sittande gestalten till höger, båda håller i samma spjut. I scenen nedanför ser vi en kort procession med tre vandrande gestalter som bär olika redskap. Bakom dem finns ett runt föremål samt en formation med fyra uppåt pekande spetsar. Ovanför bilderna finns en runinskrift i ett välvt band, som knyts samman vid ändarna av ett rundjur i Ringerikestil. Bilderna omsluts därmed av runbandet ovanför, samt av rundjuret nertill och på sidorna. Inskriften utgörs endast av tre namn, men det går inte att avgöra om den har fortsatt på någon ytterligare sten. \n\nInskrift: \nRodvisl och Farbjörn och Gunnbjörn. \n\nTolkning \nFlera olika tolkningar har föreslagits för de två bildscenerna på Sandastenen. Den övre scenen, med tre gestalter inne i en byggnad, har i en äldre tolkning föreslagits vara de tre personerna som nämns i runinskriften. Den har även tolkats som en del av Völsungasagan, med Svanhild sittande till vänster och en stående Oden som räcker ett spjut till Jormunrek, som sitter till höger. En annan tolkning föreslår att scenen äger rum i Valhall, där den avlidne krigaren svär trohet till Oden. \n\nDen nedre scenen, med processionen med tre personer som bär på någon slags föremål eller redskap, har föreslagits visa den dödes anförvanter vid gravbålet, en jordbruksrit eller möjligen en juridisk ceremoni i samband med marköverlåtelse. Gestalten längst till vänster synes bära på ett spjut, men vad de andra bär på är oklart. Sandastenen har också fått en kristen tolkning, där den antas visa stallet i Betlehem och de tre vise männen. \n\nDet finns flera intressanta detaljer på stenen. Den långhalsade fågeln som sticker in huvudet i byggnaden har bland annat tolkats som en valkyria i skepnad av en svan och den kan även vara en psychopomp, d.v.s. en andlig följeslagare till dödsriket. Inne i byggnaden sitter två gestalter på kubbstolar, en stolstyp som även förekommer som vikingatida amuletter och därför har tillskrivits särskild betydelse. \nLKÅ"
}
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"property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "6369749"
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"property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)",
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"@value": "693500"
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"@value": "6581391"
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"property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "675775"
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"ai2:downloadPath": [
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"type": "literal",
"property_id": 349,
"property_label": "Path to download",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgBNozIkf6ZcQ71ahogoJsavAY0NYSwhEIFMcU75h2Wewfc?e=l2LkbS"
}
],
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2389",
"o:title": "GP 344 Sanda kyrka II"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2390",
"o:title": "GP 345 Sanda kyrka III"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2395",
"o:title": "GP 350 Sanda kyrka IV"
}
],
"ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2111",
"o:title": "GP 64 Buttle kyrka"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2539",
"o:title": "GP 494 Tingstäde kyrka 24"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2079",
"o:title": "GP 32 Boge kyrka"
}
],
"ai2:interpretations": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2208",
"o:title": "GP 162 Halla Broa IV"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2320",
"o:title": "GP 274 Norrlanda Bringes"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2322",
"o:title": "GP 276 När Rikvide (I)"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2410",
"o:title": "GP 365 Stenkyrka kyrka IV"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2413",
"o:title": "GP 368 Stenkyrka kyrka IX"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2433",
"o:title": "GP 388 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs I"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2435",
"o:title": "GP 390 Stenkyrka Lillbjärs III"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2059",
"o:title": "GP 12 Alva Gudings"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2064",
"o:title": "GP 17 Ardre kyrka V"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2069",
"o:title": "GP 22 Ardre kyrka III"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2213",
"o:title": "GP 167 Halla Unsarve"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2247",
"o:title": "GP 201 Hemse Annexhemman I"
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{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2328",
"o:title": "GP 282 När Hallute"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2290",
"o:title": "GP 244 Lokrume kyrka"
}
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"ai2:summarySwedish": [
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{
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"@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker",
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"o:owner": {
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"o:id": 1
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"o:resource_class": {
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"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2",
"o:id": 2
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"square": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/2465a6112c7948079c7a5ada44bed3c86bd60590.jpg"
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"o:created": {
"@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:20+00:00",
"@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime"
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"o:modified": {
"@value": "2025-04-15T09:31:31+00:00",
"@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime"
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"o:id": 3718
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"o:site": [
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"property_label": "Title",
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"@value": "GP 540 Visby St Hans I"
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],
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"property_id": 10,
"property_label": "Identifier",
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"@value": "GP0540"
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],
"ai2:urlLinks": [
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"property_id": 316,
"property_label": "Links",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25",
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"property_label": "Find Location",
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"@value": "In the wall of the church ruin St Hans in Visby (RAÄ Visby 60:1). "
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],
"ai2:findLocationClassification": [
{
"type": "customvocab:7",
"property_id": 318,
"property_label": "Find Context Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Church"
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],
"ai2:findLocationParish": [
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"property_id": 293,
"property_label": "Parish Find Location",
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"property_id": 292,
"property_label": "Finding Place Name",
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],
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"property_label": "Present Location",
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"@value": "Church ruin St Per in Visby? Not traceable. Lost?"
}
],
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{
"type": "customvocab:6",
"property_id": 332,
"property_label": "Present Location Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "In-Loco"
},
{
"type": "customvocab:6",
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"property_label": "Present Location Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Unknown"
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],
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"property_label": "Context Present Location",
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"@value": "St Hans kyrkoruin"
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"@value": "Due to several archaeological excavations during the 19th century, in particular, between 1980 and 1986, the architectural history of the double church St Per (Peter) and St Hans (John) in the city of Visby, which is only preserved as ruins, can largely be reconstructed (Svahnström 1985, pp. 27–31; Swanström 1986; Lagerlöf/Svahnström 1991, pp. 56–58; Andrén 2011, pp. 97–100). St Per, the southern of the two churches, was built as a Romanesque building in the second half of the 12th century. In the course of the 13th century, it was expanded to a two-aisled domed hall building with tower, which was finished by the end of the century. Already in the first half of the 13th century, the church of St Hans was erected just north of St Per in such a way that the two buildings had a shared wall and were connected to each other by an opening. This building represented a three-aisled hall with eastern transept and a choir. By the end of the 13th century, St Hans was considerably expanded. The northern wall was shifted, and a fourth aisle added in the north, the western wall was shifted, as well, and a tower erected. In the 16th century, both churches were partly demolished, and their decay began. During the 18th century, they were used as a stone quarry. \n\nBelow the tower and the northern aisle, remains of a small Romanesque church have been revealed (Swanström 1986), dating to the first half of the 12th century, which probably represents the first church of St Hans. According to Guta saga (Peel 1999, p. 8–9), there must have been an even earlier (wooden) church building at the spot: Around the middle of the 11th century, a man called Botair from Akebäck is said to have built the first church on Gotland (Allhelgonakyrka ʻAll Saints Churchʼ), at the spot, where later St Per was erected. This building, however, could not be verified archaeologically. Nevertheless, several finds of typical early Christian grave goods, so-called kyrkogårdsfynd, indicate the existence of an 11th-century churchyard. The 11th century Type E picture stones GP 541 St Hans II and GP 543 St Hans 3, may also be connected with this Viking Age churchyard. Swanström (1986) regards the newly discovered 12th-century Romanesque building as the Guta saga’s Allhelgonakyrka itself, which, in particular for chronological reasons and as the saga clearly refers to St Per and not to St Hans, is not very convincing (Andrén 2011, pp. 98–99). \n\nWhether there had been a pagan cult site before Allhelgonakyrka was built, as Guta saga indicates, remains unproven. According to Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 40, 47–48, 58–61; 1964), picture stones of the cist stone Type, to which Visby St Hans I apparently belongs (see IX), were used either pairwise representing grave markers or in a group of four that form a cist-shaped grave or sacrificial monuments, which could be regarded as ʻpagan altarsʼ. However, all known cist stones have been discovered in secondary contexts (Stenkvist 2014). \n\nThe picture stone fragment was discovered by Efraim Lundmark in 1914 and first published in a newspaper article (Gotlands Allehanda 1914-12-02). It was incorporated into the new western wall of the nave, which was added by the end of the 13th century or around 1300. In 1914, it lay on top of the demolished part of the wall just below the northernmost window, with its obverse facing upwards (Hamner/Widée 1940, pp. 9–10, with sketch of find situation, cf. ATA, run- och bildstenssamlingen 1719:10 and dnr 868-1914). Lundmark pointed out that the stone had to be removed from its find place and transferred to Gotlands Museum, as the local population used the ruin as a place for emptying out vessels and thereby hit their buckets against the picture stone’s decorated surface. “In 1939, it was removed from the masonry and erected in the adjoining ruin of S:t Per” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 144). Today, several medieval stone slabs and fragments are kept in S:t Per, leaning against the wall or piled on top of one another; the picture stone, however, could not be traced. In the 2005, church ruin inventory it is stated that the stone possibly is covered by earth and simply invisible. \n\nIn 1925, a second picture stone has been discovered inside the ruin of S:t Hans, GP 541 Visby St Hans II. "
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"display_title": "GP0541",
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"type": "literal",
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"@value": "“Limestone slab, 16–23 cm thick. The stone has been mutilated to a rectangle of 83 cm length and 52 cm width, with secondary edges trimmed even on three sides. Along the shorter of these edges, there is an equally secondary groove on the obverse. The obverse probably is naturally even. It is curved and severely abraded by footsteps. Of the original narrow sides, no remains are preserved” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 144). "
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"@value": "A 52 cm long part of a 20 cm wide border is preserved in the middle of the fragment, representing an interlace pattern. “The fragment is decorated with carved lines with rounded bottoms and of by now rather varying width as well as with chiselled-down background fields within the 20 cm wide horizontal border, above which a horse’s foot, a dog(?), and insignificant remains of other figures can be seen” (Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 144). "
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"@value": "No interpretation"
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"@value": "Due to the orientation of the animal figures, the remarkably broad border must have been aligned horizontally, which indicates a very large so-called cist stone, a gable-like slab with wave-shaped upper edge. The cist stone group contains only a few middle- and in particular late-type picture stones, belonging to ʻAbschnittʼ B, C/D and E according to Lindqvist. Due to its decoration and dimensions, Lindqvist regards the stone from St Hans as a Type C monument, dating to around AD 700. However, those late-type picture stones can only be roughly dated to the period between the 8th century (or rather around AD 800) and circa 1000. The preserved interlace pattern is comparable to the border decoration on many Type C picture stones, in particular, those belonging to Lindqvist’s ʻLärbro groupʼ (cf. GP 171 Hangvar kyrka III). The best match, however, is provided by GP 561 Väte Gullarve, which Lindqvist ascribes to his small ʻhybrid groupʼ (Hybridengruppe) of ʻstones with horizontally oriented cornersʼ (Steine mit horizontalgerichteten Ecken). \n\nThe extraordinary dimensions of this cist stone are stressed by Lindqvist (1941/42 I, p. 48): “But even really large monuments of the cist stone Type appear to have been produced during Period C, too. I cannot help but see something other than the remains of one of those in the peculiar fragment Visby S:t Hans I. Of the once apparently very rich imagery in its panels, enough is preserved to demonstrate that the border ran horizontally, as the lower limit of the decorations. The border’s unique width – 20 cm as compared to merely 12 cm on Alskog K. [GP 3 Alskog kyrka]! – indicates that the slab once must have had an image field of very impressive dimensions.” The Type D cist stone from Alskog church, which represents the largest cist stone known, is 15 cm thick, 105–108 cm high and 112–114 cm wide, with its wave-shaped top edge and both side edges missing. The cist stone from St Hans could have been up to twice as large. "
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"@value": "Hamner/Widée 1940, pp. 9–10; Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 48; II, p. 144, fig. 558; 1964, p. 68; Svahnström 1985, p. 31; Lagerlöf/Svahnström 1991, p. 58; Stenkvist 2014 II, p. 23, fig. 32. "
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"property_label": "Lindqvist Title",
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"@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades 1914 i långhusets västra mur av S:t Hans kyrka. Bildstenen togs ur murverket 1939 och placerades i S:t Pers kyrkoruin. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nS:t Pers kyrkoruin. \n\nBeskrivning \nFragment av stor kiststen (period C-D), 83 x 52 cm, med horisontellt band och rester av flera oklara figurer. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men den tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA "
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"property_id": 316,
"property_label": "Links",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25",
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"@value": "The churchyard wall of Väskinde church. "
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{
"type": "customvocab:7",
"property_id": 318,
"property_label": "Find Context Classification",
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"@value": "Churchyard"
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],
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"property_id": 293,
"property_label": "Parish Find Location",
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{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 291,
"property_label": "Find Context",
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"@value": "Återfunnen liggande på kyrkogårdsmuren söder om västra stigportsluckan."
}
],
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{
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"property_id": 332,
"property_label": "Present Location Classification",
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"@value": "Gotlands Museum Magasin Visborg"
}
],
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"type": "literal",
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"property_label": "Present Location Name",
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"@value": "Magasin Visborg"
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{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "The only available information is given by Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 141): “This stone was found by [Fredrik Nordin] in 1913, lying on the cemetery wall just south of the western lychgate.” The three lychgates were erected around 1300, together with the current nave and tower. "
}
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{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 283,
"property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Lindqvist describes the stone fragment as follows (1941/42 II, p. 141): “Limestone slab, up to 14 cm thick. The obverse is reasonably smooth, but unhewn. Both vertical edges appear to have been roughly hewn at right angles towards the obverse, but of the original left narrow side, nowadays only a small part remains, close to the broken-off upper left corner. Otherwise, the stone is defined on the left by a recent, roughly hewn narrow side. At the upper right corner, there is a clear, right-angled crack (next to it, the upper part of the vertical edge is slightly damaged). The upper edge, the contour of which is most likely to have corresponded to that on the stone Ardre Petsarve I, has been treated like the vertical sides. The reverse is rough and unworked. The stone’s total height is 113 cm, of which 72 cm are accounted for by the section above the root. The width is 59 cm.” The surface is much weathered and worn. As the stone is so much fragmented and only small parts of the original edges are preserved, it is difficult to determine its original shape (see IX). "
}
],
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"type": "literal",
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"property_label": "Height",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "115"
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"property_label": "Width",
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],
"ai2:dimensionsThickness": [
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"property_id": 300,
"property_label": "Thickness",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "14"
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],
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{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 301,
"property_label": "Material",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Limestone"
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],
"ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 284,
"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "According to Lindqvist (1941/42 II, p. 141), “[…] only a number of insignificant lines are preserved that probably represent a vessel with rounded, towering stems and a sail with square pattern. Close below the keel, two horizontal lines of the border can be seen. The background field is chiseled.” In his book, however, he only reproduces a photo of the unpainted stone (ibid. fig. 555), on which nothing more than a horizontal border line and presumably some parts of the square pattern can be discerned. An unpublished drawing by Olof Sörling depicts the described ship’s hull, as well as minor parts of its mast, sail, and rigging (ATA, Run- och bildstenssamling). "
}
],
"ai2:interpretations": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "No interpretation"
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],
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{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "The stone is very fragmented and only small parts of its original edges are preserved. Therefore, it is difficult to determine its original shape and type (see V). The dimensions of the fragment and the rudimentary sailing ship indicate a late-type picture stone, ʻAbschnittʼ C/D or E according to Lindqvist, which means a dating between the 8th century and about AD 1100. Due to the shape of the preserved upper right corner of the Väskinde slab, which he compares to the small gable- or wave-shaped picture stones GP 19 Ardre Petsarve I and GP 103 Garda Smiss II, Lindqvist regards it as a Type C ʻcist stoneʼ (Lindqvist 1941/42 I, p. 44; 1964, p. 67). If this interpretation is correct, Väskinde kyrka III represents the only known cist stone depicting a ship (ibid.). According to Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 40, 47–48, 58–61; 1964), those gable-like picture stones with wave-shaped upper edge, the so-called cist stones, were used either pairwise representing grave markers or in a group of four that form cist-shaped (grave or sacrificial) monuments. However, all known cist stones have been discovered in secondary contexts (Stenkvist 2014). In Stenkvist’s study, the fragment from Väskinde church is not considered at all, presumably due to its fragmentary condition and uncertain typology. "
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2066",
"value_resource_id": 2066,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2066",
"display_title": "GP 19 Ardre Petsarve I",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/bc5e17d02e70a8735691171c07c152d3771a82d7.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0019.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2150",
"value_resource_id": 2150,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2150",
"display_title": "GP 103 Garda Smiss II",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/f7e543b80cc7a85e1ca3d476fbc7deee78b2b9a8.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0103.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
}
],
"ai2:shapeLindqvist": [
{
"type": "customvocab:3",
"property_id": 305,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Shape",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Cist stone"
},
{
"type": "customvocab:3",
"property_id": 305,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Shape",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Unclear"
}
],
"ai2:typeLindqvist": [
{
"type": "customvocab:2",
"property_id": 303,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Type",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)"
},
{
"type": "customvocab:2",
"property_id": 303,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Type",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "E (ca. 1000-1150)"
}
],
"ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [
{
"type": "customvocab:5",
"property_id": 317,
"property_label": "Runic Inscription or not",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "No"
}
],
"ai2:references": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 288,
"property_label": "References",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Lundmark 1929, pp. 222–223; Lindqvist 1941/42 II, p. 141, fig. 555; 1964, p. 67. "
}
],
"ai2:fornsokID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 310,
"property_label": "Fornsök ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "L1976:8460"
}
],
"ai2:raaID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 307,
"property_label": "RAÄ ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "120:3"
}
],
"ai2:slID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 328,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Title",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Västkinde, Kirche III"
}
],
"ai2:depositionID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 313,
"property_label": "Deposition ID Gotlands Museum",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "GFDEP416"
}
],
"ai2:model3D": [
{
"type": "resource:item",
"property_id": 344,
"property_label": "3D model",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/5088",
"value_resource_id": 5088,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/5088",
"display_title": "3D model for GP0557"
}
],
"ai2:jpID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 308,
"property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "330"
}
],
"ai2:summarySwedish": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 327,
"property_label": "Swedish Summary",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Fyndplats \nObserverades första gången 1913, då stenen låg på kyrkogårdsmuren söder om den västra stigluckan. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nGotlands museum, magasinet på Visborgsslätt. \n\nBeskrivning \nFragment av en bildsten (troligen period CD), bevarad höjd 113 cm och bredd 72 cm. Spår av ett skepp med mast, segel och rigg. \n\nDatering \nDateringen oklar, men tillhör perioden 700-900-talen. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning. \n\nAA "
}
],
"ai2:iconography": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 324,
"property_label": "Iconographic Keywords",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "ship"
},
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 324,
"property_label": "Iconographic Keywords",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "sail"
}
],
"ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 289,
"property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "6399417"
}
],
"ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 290,
"property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "704015"
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLat": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 295,
"property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (lat)",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "6390259"
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationCoordinatesLon": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 296,
"property_label": "Coordinate Present Location (long)",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "695514"
}
],
"ai2:downloadPath": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 349,
"property_label": "Path to download",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "https://gotlandsmuseumse.sharepoint.com/:f:/s/Bildstenar/IgCDUcjM4unNTLfI_6KLCLzTAT-RolSt99B7o7aSgIh2q4g?e=mcYyw3"
}
],
"@reverse": {
"ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2593",
"o:title": "GP 549 Väskinde kyrka 6"
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/2599",
"o:title": "GP 555 Väskinde kyrka 7"
}
],
"ai2:modelVisualizes": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/5088",
"o:title": "3D model for GP0557"
}
]
},
"o-module-mapping:marker": [
{
"@context": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context",
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/409",
"@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker",
"o:id": 409,
"o:item": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2601",
"o:id": 2601
},
"o:media": null,
"o-module-mapping:lat": 57.69059586000116,
"o-module-mapping:lng": 18.422898642808832,
"o-module-mapping:label": null
}
]
},
{
"@context": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context",
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2128",
"@type": [
"o:Item",
"dctype:PhysicalObject"
],
"o:id": 2128,
"o:is_public": true,
"o:owner": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/users/1",
"o:id": 1
},
"o:resource_class": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_classes/32",
"o:id": 32
},
"o:resource_template": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resource_templates/2",
"o:id": 2
},
"o:thumbnail": null,
"o:title": "GP 81 Fole Änge 2",
"thumbnail_display_urls": {
"large": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/large/d4e6e5dc3abc97cb4f3d0c6820aeffb5212c96a4.jpg",
"medium": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/medium/d4e6e5dc3abc97cb4f3d0c6820aeffb5212c96a4.jpg",
"square": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/d4e6e5dc3abc97cb4f3d0c6820aeffb5212c96a4.jpg"
},
"o:created": {
"@value": "2023-03-07T10:42:09+00:00",
"@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime"
},
"o:modified": {
"@value": "2025-04-22T08:45:18+00:00",
"@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime"
},
"o:primary_media": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/2971",
"o:id": 2971
},
"o:media": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/2970",
"o:id": 2970
},
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/media/2971",
"o:id": 2971
}
],
"o:item_set": [],
"o:site": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/sites/2",
"o:id": 2
}
],
"dcterms:title": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 1,
"property_label": "Title",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "GP 81 Fole Änge 2"
}
],
"dcterms:identifier": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 10,
"property_label": "Identifier",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "GP0081"
}
],
"ai2:urlLinks": [
{
"type": "uri",
"property_id": 316,
"property_label": "Links",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "https://app.raa.se/open/arkivsok/results?arkiv_samling=Sune%20Lindqvist%20-%20Prim%C3%A4rmaterial%20Gotlands%20Bildsteine&searchtype=filter&page=0&pagesize=25",
"o:label": "ATA"
}
],
"ai2:ksamsok": [
{
"type": "uri",
"property_id": 346,
"property_label": "K-Samsök",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/lamning/c6e3b793-a592-4f97-9fb1-91b4a60c0ec0",
"o:label": "K-Samsök"
}
],
"ai2:findLocation": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 280,
"property_label": "Find Location",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "A meadow (Fole Änge 1:2) approximately 700 m east of the hillfort (fornborg) in Fole parish. "
}
],
"ai2:findLocationClassification": [
{
"type": "customvocab:7",
"property_id": 318,
"property_label": "Find Context Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Agricultural Field"
}
],
"ai2:findLocationParish": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 293,
"property_label": "Parish Find Location",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Fole"
}
],
"ai2:findingPlaceName": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 292,
"property_label": "Finding Place Name",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Fole Änge 1:2"
}
],
"ai2:findLocationContext": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 291,
"property_label": "Find Context",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Återfunnen vid uppodling av ett änge"
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationParish": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 297,
"property_label": "Parish Present Location",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Fole"
}
],
"ai2:presentLocation": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 281,
"property_label": "Present Location",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Fole Lilla Ryftes"
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationClassification": [
{
"type": "customvocab:6",
"property_id": 332,
"property_label": "Present Location Classification",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Private Property"
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationName": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 314,
"property_label": "Present Location Name",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Fole Lilla Ryftes"
}
],
"ai2:presentLocationNote": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 294,
"property_label": "Context Present Location",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "På gården Lilla Ryftes. "
}
],
"ai2:contextAndDiscovery": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "In 1969, the stone was found during cultivation of a meadow (Fole Änge 1:2). The meadow is situated approximately 700 m east of the hillfort (fornborg) in Fole parish. The slab was discovered together with the picture stone GP 82 Fole Änge 1. After their discovery both stones were brought to the farmstead, Lilla Ryftes, which lies circa 1000 m north-west of the find spot. \n\nAccording to Lindqvist (1941/42 I, pp. 40, 47–48, 58–61; 1964), picture stones of the cist stone Type (see IX) were used either pairwise representing grave markers or in a group of four forming cist-shaped (grave or sacrificial) monuments. However, all known cist stones have been discovered in secondary contexts (Stenkvist 2014). "
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 282,
"property_label": "Context and Discovery",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2129",
"value_resource_id": 2129,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2129",
"display_title": "GP0082",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/162d5a8e72b3753d3317e5312863826b50a204f6.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GF_Fole_allmänt_gårdar_A-K_1989_dnr395_Malin_Lindquist_1998.pdf",
"thumbnail_type": "application/pdf"
}
],
"ai2:measurementsMaterialAndCondition": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 283,
"property_label": "Measurements, Material and Condition",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "The limestone slab is circa 50 cm high, 54 cm wide, and about 10 cm thick (###). It can be described as a rectangular slab with an arched top edge. It is likely that to the left and right of this arch, respectively, there originally were short protruding corners, a characteristic feature of the so-called cist stones. Here, however, they are broken off. The stone’s root seems to be broken off as well. Thus, the fragment represents the part of the monument, which once had been visible above ground. The obverse is even and heavily weathered. "
}
],
"ai2:dimensionsHeight": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 298,
"property_label": "Height",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "50"
}
],
"ai2:dimensionsWidth": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 299,
"property_label": "Width",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "54"
}
],
"ai2:dimensionsThickness": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 300,
"property_label": "Thickness",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "10"
}
],
"ai2:material": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 301,
"property_label": "Material",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Limestone"
}
],
"ai2:descriptionOfOrnamentAndImages": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 284,
"property_label": "Description of Ornament and Images",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "No remains of carvings discernable. "
}
],
"ai2:interpretations": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 285,
"property_label": "Interpretation of the Imagery",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "No interpretation"
}
],
"ai2:typeAndDating": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "The typical outline of a small gavel-like slab with wave-shaped upper edge, a so-called cist stone, is largely preserved. Most of those stones represent late-type picture stones, belonging to ʻAbschnittʼ C/D or E according to Lindqvist. There is only a very small number of Type B cist stones known to date (see in particular Halla Broa V–VI). As no decoration is left on the stone, the cist stone from Fole Änge can only be roughly dated to between AD 500 and around 1100. The stone’s size, however, more probably indicates a Type C/D or E cist stone rather than a Type B monument. "
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2190",
"value_resource_id": 2190,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2190",
"display_title": "GP 144 Halla Broa V",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ca211887faad2444d4e2935a657ba14141c5696a.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0144.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 287,
"property_label": "Type and Dating",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2191",
"value_resource_id": 2191,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2191",
"display_title": "GP 145 Halla Broa VI",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/ef70a54a3f72a598d697b65669ed660577418999.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GP0145.jpg",
"thumbnail_type": "image/jpeg"
}
],
"ai2:shapeLindqvist": [
{
"type": "customvocab:3",
"property_id": 305,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Shape",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Cist stone"
}
],
"ai2:typeLindqvist": [
{
"type": "customvocab:2",
"property_id": 303,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Type",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "B (ca. 500-700)"
},
{
"type": "customvocab:2",
"property_id": 303,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Type",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "C/D (ca. 700-1000)"
},
{
"type": "customvocab:2",
"property_id": 303,
"property_label": "Lindqvist Type",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "E (ca. 1000-1150)"
}
],
"ai2:runicInscriptionYesNo": [
{
"type": "customvocab:5",
"property_id": 317,
"property_label": "Runic Inscription or not",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "No"
}
],
"ai2:references": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 288,
"property_label": "References",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Stenkvist 2014 II, pp. 10–11, fig. 12. "
}
],
"ai2:fornsokID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 310,
"property_label": "Fornsök ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "L1977:5616"
}
],
"ai2:raaID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 307,
"property_label": "RAÄ ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Fole 179:2"
}
],
"ai2:model3D": [
{
"type": "resource:item",
"property_id": 344,
"property_label": "3D model",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/4614",
"value_resource_id": 4614,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/4614",
"display_title": "3D model for GP0081"
}
],
"ai2:jpID": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 308,
"property_label": "Jan Peder Lamm ID",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "445"
}
],
"ai2:summarySwedish": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 327,
"property_label": "Swedish Summary",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "Fyndplats \nBildstenen påträffades tillsammans med GP 82 Fole Änge 1 1969 i Fole Änge, cirka 700 m öster om en fornborg i Fole socken. Efter fyndet fördes bildstenarna till gården Lilla Ryftes, cirka 1 km nordväst om fyndplatsen. \n\nNuvarande lokalisering \nStår på gården Lilla Ryftes. \n\nBeskrivning \nFragment av en liten kiststen, 50 cm hög och 54 cm bred. Inga bilder bevarade. \n\nDatering \nDateringen kan inte anges närmare, men bildstenen tillhör perioden 500-1000-talen, troligen den senare delen av perioden. \n\nTolkning \nIngen tolkning \n\nAA "
},
{
"type": "resource",
"property_id": 327,
"property_label": "Swedish Summary",
"is_public": true,
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2129",
"value_resource_id": 2129,
"value_resource_name": "items",
"url": "/s/index/item/2129",
"display_title": "GP0082",
"thumbnail_url": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/files/square/162d5a8e72b3753d3317e5312863826b50a204f6.jpg",
"thumbnail_title": "GF_Fole_allmänt_gårdar_A-K_1989_dnr395_Malin_Lindquist_1998.pdf",
"thumbnail_type": "application/pdf"
}
],
"ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLat": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 289,
"property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (lat)",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "6395396"
}
],
"ai2:findLocationCoordinatesLon": [
{
"type": "literal",
"property_id": 290,
"property_label": "Coordinate Find Location (long)",
"is_public": true,
"@value": "713962"
}
],
"@reverse": {
"ai2:modelVisualizes": [
{
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/resources/4614",
"o:title": "3D model for GP0081"
}
]
},
"o-module-mapping:marker": [
{
"@context": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api-context",
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/mapping_markers/96",
"@type": "o-module-mapping:Marker",
"o:id": 96,
"o:item": {
"@id": "http://gotlandicpicturestones.se/api/items/2128",
"o:id": 2128
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